Ultra Wide-Band Technology (UWB) is a short-range, high-bandwidth communications technology that can be used for data transfer, imaging, and localization applications. UWB operates by transmitting very short pulses across a wide frequency band with low power. Key applications of UWB include high-speed wireless communications and high-resolution radar and imaging systems. Standardization efforts have developed standards for UWB personal area networks, and UWB offers advantages like high data rates and secure transmission, but also faces limitations from its low-power emissions.
Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) is a communication technology used in wireless networking to achieve high bandwidth connections with low power spectral density.
- What is UWB?
- Why UWB?
- How it works?
- Conclusion
ULTRA WIDE BAND TECHNOLOGY
BODY AREA NETWORKS
BW ³ 500 MHz regardless of fractional BW
UWB is a form of extremely wide spread spectrum where RF energy is spread over gigahertz of spectrum
Wider than any narrowband system by orders of magnitude
Power seen by a narrowband system is a fraction of the total UWB power
UWB signals can be designed to look like imperceptible random noise to conventional radios
Ultrawideband is a wireless radio technology originally developed for secure military communications and
radar that is now declassified. It is a high-speed, short-range wireless technology - nearly 10 times faster than
802.11b. It can be used for transferring digital content between devices in different entertainment and
computing clusters in the home, such as digital video recorders, set-top boxes, televisions and PCs. UWB is
designed to replace cables with short-range, wireless connections, but it offers the much higher bandwidth
needed to support multimedia data streams at very low power levels. And because UWB can communicate both
relative distance and position, it can be used for tracking equipment, containers or other objects
Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) is a communication technology used in wireless networking to achieve high bandwidth connections with low power spectral density.
- What is UWB?
- Why UWB?
- How it works?
- Conclusion
ULTRA WIDE BAND TECHNOLOGY
BODY AREA NETWORKS
BW ³ 500 MHz regardless of fractional BW
UWB is a form of extremely wide spread spectrum where RF energy is spread over gigahertz of spectrum
Wider than any narrowband system by orders of magnitude
Power seen by a narrowband system is a fraction of the total UWB power
UWB signals can be designed to look like imperceptible random noise to conventional radios
Ultrawideband is a wireless radio technology originally developed for secure military communications and
radar that is now declassified. It is a high-speed, short-range wireless technology - nearly 10 times faster than
802.11b. It can be used for transferring digital content between devices in different entertainment and
computing clusters in the home, such as digital video recorders, set-top boxes, televisions and PCs. UWB is
designed to replace cables with short-range, wireless connections, but it offers the much higher bandwidth
needed to support multimedia data streams at very low power levels. And because UWB can communicate both
relative distance and position, it can be used for tracking equipment, containers or other objects
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The next generation of wireless mobile communication is here know as 5G cellular which will revolutionize the way which see at wireless communication today !!!
Introduction to basics of wireless networks such as
• Radio waves & wireless signal encoding techniques
• Wireless networking issues & constraints
• Wireless internetworking devices
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the methods of computation of total power loss and system rise time in a fiber optic link. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The next generation of wireless mobile communication is here know as 5G cellular which will revolutionize the way which see at wireless communication today !!!
Introduction to basics of wireless networks such as
• Radio waves & wireless signal encoding techniques
• Wireless networking issues & constraints
• Wireless internetworking devices
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the methods of computation of total power loss and system rise time in a fiber optic link. The material will be useful for KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Recently, UWB (Ultra Wide Band) has attracted a lot of attention and become one of the most promising successor for short-range wireless communication technologies. The project aims to provide a extensive knowledge about this potential technology. Not only giving a introduction, we also compared advantages and disadvantages of UWB technology with currently used standards like 802.11a/b/g, 2G Cellular, Ethernet, Bluetooth, FastEthernet in terms of power consumption, spectral density, robustness against multipath and penetration capability, data rate in short distance, carrier-less transmission, etc. Additionally, we examine current applications and potential commercial uses of UWB in the future as an evidence for the versatile of this technology.
HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGNShivashu Awasthi
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA USING HFSS SIMULATION TOOL.
Its the Final Year Presentation at 75% of its full flow.
Hopefully It should Help..do leave your reviews and suggestions / queries.
Thanks.
Link and Energy Adaptive Design of Sustainable IR-UWB Communications and SensingDong Zhao
The presentation introduces the research on IR-UWB that jointly exploited realtime link analysis with non-deterministic renewable energy characteristics and developed adaptive schemes that can dynamically operate the sensing or communications with better time coverage, energy efficiency, and resistance to battery aging effects, etc.
These slides are presented for my final year project. It is designed by HFSS and fabricated hardware for experimental measurement of S11 and Radiation Pattern Measurement. It is better to download the slides to see all the results presented as I put in animations.
A Survey on Various Receivers for UWB CommunicationIOSR Journals
Abstract: Ultra Wideband (UWB) is an inherent technology used in current wired and wireless communication systems. These systems share the radio frequency spectrum with narrowband signals and also provide high data rates, low cost, greater bandwidth, good time domain resolution and improved channel capacity. UWB technology has attracted a lot of inquisitiveness in researchers worldwide. There are several challenges in designing a UWB receiver such as channel estimation and interference mitigation. In multi-user environments, multiple access interference (MAI) degrades the performance of UWB systems. To prevail over these challenging issues, an adaptive and robust receiver needs to be designed to alleviate interference in all types of environments. In this paper, the different types of receiver structures like Rake, energy, correlation, suboptimal, near-optimal and adaptive nonlinear rake receivers are surveyed and their performances are analyzed. This survey helps to realize superior bit error rates (BER) and excellent signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Keywords: Adaptive nonlinear rake receivers, Correlation receivers, Energy detectors, Rake receivers, Ultra wideband (UWB).
Performance Analysis of Ultra Wideband Communication SystemEditor IJMTER
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a radio transmission scheme that uses extremely low power
pulses of radio energy spread across a wide spectrum of frequencies. UWB has several advantages
over conventional continuous wave radio communications including potential support for high data
rates, robustness to multipath interference and fading. The paper covers Ultra Wide-Band
technology. General description, Challenges, various modulation schemes such as OOK, PAM,
PPM, and BPSK under specified Ultra Wide Band regimes: low Power spectral density, large
spreading ratio and a highly dispersive channel. The capacity and BER performance of a single user
ultra wideband communication is investigated for various modulation schemes and coded, uncoded
methods also simulated. Fading channel like Ricean and Rayleigh are compared. Channelized digital
receiver concept is discussed.
Bandwidth is a very critical parameter in any communication system.
trade-off between the system bandwidth and various other system parameters like latency, power consumption etc.
Higher bandwidth is vital in many applications
In order to increase the range of the operating frequency, the front end of the communication system (i.e. antenna) must be able to radiate efficiently over a wider bandwidth.
Commercial UWB systems require small low-cost antennas with larger bandwidth and non-dispersive behaviour
Mobile Communication Academic Assignment
For B.Tech Electronics and Communication Engineering 7th Semester
Index:
1. Introduction
2. Techniques
3. Schemes
4. History
5. Digital an Analog Beamforming
6. Difference between Digital and Analog Beamforming
7. Analog Beamforming Working
8. Digital Beamforming Working with receiver and transmitter
9. Digital Beamforming Challenges with receiver and transmitter
10. Solutions to the Challenges
11. For Speech Audio
Source: Wikipedia, Research Papers etc
Digital communication viva questions.( 50+)
MCQ of digital communication (50+)
communication systems MCQ. (50+)
communication systems viva questions (50+)
covered topic list:
sampling,quantization,digital,discrete,AM,FM,PM,ASK,FSK,PSK,DM,DPCM,QPSK,ADM,differences,modulation,block diagram,applications,PAM,PWM,PPM,line encoding,polar encoding,bipolar encoding,unipolar encoding,RZ,NRZ,AMI,HDB3,B8ZS
Operation of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Positioning.pdfUbiTrack UK
UWB indoor positioning has benefits, UWB applications must operate within the narrow frequency ranges with a large UWB frequency range to lessen the likelihood of interference. There are license-exempt (unlicensed) and individually licensed frameworks for controlling the usage of the diverse spectrum of RFID indoor positioning.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. Contents
Introduction to UWB
Narrowband, Wideband, and Ultra-Wideband
UWB Signal
Single Band and a Multi Band
UWB Modulation Schemes
Transceiver Architecture
UWB antennas
UWB-MIMO
Applications
Standardization
Advantages - Limitations
3. Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is a technology for the transmission data by using techniques which cause a spreading of
the radio energy over a very wide frequency band.
with a very low power spectral density. The low power spectral density limits the interference potential with
conventional radio systems (TV, GSM, UMTS, GPS, etc.).
and the high bandwidth can allow very high data throughput for communications devices, or high precision for
location and imaging devices.
UWB radios can use frequencies from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz in USA and Asia and at least 6.0 to 8.5 GHz in Europe.
The Federal Communications Commission in USA (FCC) has defined an UWB device as any device with a –10 dB
fractional bandwidth, greater than 20% or occupying at least 500 MHz of the spectrum
Most narrowband systems occupy less than 10% of the center frequency bandwidth, and are transmitted at far
greater power levels.
the FCC introduced severe broadcast power restrictions for UWB in order not interference other narrower band
systems nearby, such as 802.11a/g radio.
4. Narrowband, Wideband, and Ultra-Wideband
We can classify signal as Narrowband, Wideband, and Ultra-wideband by Fractional bandwidth and is defined by
the ratio of bandwidth at –10 dB points to center frequency or The fractional bandwidth is defined as the radio of
signal bandwidth to the center frequency.
The –10 dB point represents the spectral power of a signal at 10 dB lower than its peak power.
𝑩 𝒇 = 𝟐
𝒇 𝒉−𝒇 𝒍
𝒇 𝒉+𝒇 𝒍
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎% Narrowband 𝑩 𝒇 < 1%
Wideband 1% < 𝑩 𝒇 < 20%
Ultra-Wideband 𝑩 𝒇 > 20%
5. UWB-Signal
𝑇𝑜𝑛represents the time that the pulse exists and
𝑇𝑜𝑓𝑓represents the time that the pulse is absent.
And duty cycle is the ratio of the time that a pulse is present to the total transmission time.
𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜𝑛
𝑇𝑜𝑛 + 𝑇𝑜𝑓𝑓
UWB systems use carrier less, short-duration (picosecond to nanosecond) pulses with a very low duty cycle (less than 0.5
percent) for transmission and reception of the information.
Low duty cycle offers a very low average transmission
power in UWB communications systems. The average
transmission power of a UWB system is on the order of
microwatts.
the short-duration UWB pulses spread their energy across a
wide range of frequencies—from near DC to several
gigahertz (GHz)—with very low power spectral density
(PSD) in in the frequency domain
6. UWB-Signal
Impulse-radio (IR) UWB ,first systems were that utilized the concept of wideband communication in power limited system.
IR UWB offers short duration pulses with fast rise and fall times, which results in wideband spectra.
For example, a pulse signal which is centered at 6 GHz and occupies a bandwidth of more than 1.2 GHz (i.e. 20% fractional
bandwidth).
These pulses are having very low energy because very low power level is permitted to UWB transmission. to carry the
information of one bit many such pulses are combined.
The IR-UWB transceiver system has advantage of simplicity and low cost.
A UWB signal can be any one of a variety of wideband signals, such as Gaussian, chirp, wavelet, or Hermite-based short-
duration pulses.
Typical pluses Gaussian monocycle, and these pluses the first derivative of a Gaussian pulse and is given by:
𝑃 𝑡 =
𝑡
𝜏
𝑒−(
𝑡
𝜏)2
where represents 𝒕 time and 𝝉 is a time decay constant that determines the temporal width of the pulse
7. In Figure above 500-picosecond pulse generates a large bandwidth in the frequency domain with a center frequency
of 2 GHz.
the lowest and highest cutoff frequencies at –10 dB are approximately 1.2 GHz and 2.8 GHz, respectively, which lead
to a fractional bandwidth of 80 percent; this is much larger than the minimum required by the FCC:
𝑩 𝒇 = 𝟐
𝟐.𝟖−𝟏.𝟐
𝟐.𝟖+𝟏.𝟐
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟖𝟎%
8. Single Band and Multi Band
The Single Band (Direct-Sequence UWB (DS-UWB)) :
supports the idea of impulse radio that is the original
approach to UWB by using narrow pulses that occupy a
large portion of the spectrum.
The Multi Band OFDM(MB-OFDM) approach
divides the available UWB frequency spectrum
(3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) into multiple smaller and no
overlapping bands with bandwidths greater than
500 MHz .
Direct-sequence UWB is a single-band approach that uses
narrow UWB pulses and time-domain signal processing
combined with DSSS techniques to transmit and receive
information.
The DS-UWB technique is scalable and can achieve data
rates in excess of 1 Gbps.
This approach is similar to the narrowband
frequency-hopping technique.
offers the advantage of avoiding transmission over
certain bands.
9. UWB Modulation Methods
The modulation methods used in UWB systems are :
Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
On-Off Keying modulation (OOK)
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
10. Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) : When the transmitted bit is 0,
pulse does not shift. When bit is 1, pulse shift a specific amount
δ, where δ is called modulation index.
On-Off Keying modulation (OOK): When the transmitted bit is 1,
a pulse is transmitted. When the bit is 0, no pulse is transmitted.
UWB Modulation Methods
11. UWB Modulation Methods
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) : When the transmitted
bit is 1, a positive pulse is transmitted. When the bit is 0, a
negative pulse is transmitted.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) : When the transmitted bit
is 1, a wide pulse is transmitted. When the bit is 0, a narrow
pulse is transmitted.
12. Transceiver Architecture
UWB transmission is carrier less, meaning that data is not modulated on a continuous waveform
with a specific carrier frequency, as in narrowband and wideband technologies.
Carrier less transmission requires fewer RF components than carrier based transmission.
The UWB transceiver architecture is considerably less complicated than that of the narrowband transceiver.
The transmission of low-powered pulses eliminates the need for a power amplifier
13. There are Several Classes Of Transceivers ,
The Coherent Transceivers:
On the transmitter side, the pulse generator has to control the transmitted pulse shape
finely and is generally able to handle its polarity.
On the other side, the receiver is able to estimate the composite channel impulse
response.
This estimation is then used as a comparison pattern to demodulate the received signal
and all modulation schemes can be used.
Correct operation of the transceiver is ensured by a good quality time base on both the
transmitter and receiver sides.
14. The Non-coherent Transceivers
It is generally less efficient but more attractive if cost or power consumption
Signal detection is based on energy detection performed on the incoming signal.
Time base requirements are generally relaxed, allowing the use of low cost oscillators.
Differentially Coherent Transceivers
On the transmit side, a differential modulation scheme is used in order to resolve the resulting bit ambiguity.
On the receiver to keep a delayed version of the incoming signal and use it as reference to be compared with
the current signal.
15. UWB Antenna
The antenna acts as a filter for the generated UWB signal, and only allows those signal components that radiate to
be passed.
UWB antennas differ from their narrowband antennas in one basic concept.
In narrowband antennas tuned to particular center frequencies and have relatively narrow bandwidths.
In contrast, UWB antenna designs seek much broader bandwidths and require no resonating operation.
UWB antennas should be linear in phase and should have
a fixed phase center.
The antenna gain should be smooth across the frequency
band in order to avoid dispersion of the transmitted
pulse.
16. The Ringing Effect
The Ringing Effect : after the UWB antenna deform the transmitted signal . the antenna response to a plus
of very short duration, as is typical in UWB , is seen as ripple after the plus . this effect is consequence of
the antenna geometry and translates into a frequency dispersion or time delay, which reduces the
transmission speed.
To avoid ringing, resistive antennas with low Q-values should be
used. The resistive loading will cause the unwanted signal
component to die away quickly, leaving a pulse much closer to the
desired shape.
𝑄 =
𝑓𝑜
𝑓𝐻 − 𝑓𝐿
where 𝑓𝑜, 𝑓𝐻, and 𝑓𝐿 are the center frequency and the upper and lower
The antenna bandwidth can also be increased by making the Q-
value small.
the low Q-value implies that the efficiency of a resistive antenna is
generally quite poor.
17. UWB Antenna
There are three types of antenna used with UWB:
Base Station Antenna
Its used for networks such as high speed data or for low data-rate systems, including location and tracking systems.
The base station antenna may be designed for indoor or outdoor the application.
Base station antennas may be either directive or omnidirectional. Directional antennas(radio links) , or
omnidirectional antennas (mobile applications).
Portable Antenna :
the antenna is small and low cost .
the antenna is omnidirectional. And its can be constructed on a printed circuit board
Antenna Arrays
In UWB radar applications, linear and planar antenna arrays may be formed with very sparsely spaced
elements.
high resolution phased array antennas, with a beam which may be readily steered.
The ratio of the wideband peak side lobe level to the peak main lobe level is a function of the number
of antenna elements rather than the element spacing.
18. There are several antenna topologies or types that are using in UWB such as horn antenna ,
Biconical antenna ,Helix antenna ,Bowtie antenna ,spiral antenna.
Antenna Topologies Out-Door
Applications
In-Door Applications
Vivaldi antenna suitable Not-suitable
1.has a directional radiation pattern.
log periodic and spiral Antennas
Operate in the 3.1-10.6 GHz
suitable Not Recommended,
1. hey have large physical dimensions.
2. severe ringing effect.
planar or printed monopole antenna N/A Suitable.
19. Vivaldi antenna Spiral and conical spiral antenna
Log-periodic antenna
Mono-conical and bi-conical antenna
20. UWB-MIMO
We can using MIMO together with UWB helps in extending the communication range as well as
offers higher link reliability. The benefits of UWB-MIMO can be summarized as following:
1. interference mitigation/suppression,
2. higher data rates,
3. improved link quality
4. extended coverage,
5. reduced analog hardware requirements, and concurrent localization.
And design specifications for UWB-MIMO antenna :
21. UWB Applications
Communications Devices.
Imaging Devices.
Vehicular Radar Systems.
For communications devices, the FCC has assigned different emission limits for indoor and outdoor UWB
devices. The spectral mask for outdoor devices is 10 dB lower than that for indoor devices, between
1.61 GHz and 3.1 GHz.
Vehicular radar systems are allowed to emit –41.3 dBm/MHz only in them 22 GHz to 29 GHz frequency
range. The center frequency of their signal should be higher than 24.075 GHz.
22. Communications Devices
The high-data-rate capability of UWB systems for short distances has numerous applications for home
networking and multimedia-rich communications in the form of WPAN applications. UWB systems could
replace cables connecting camcorders and VCRs, as well as other consumer electronics applications, such as
laptops, DVDs, digital cameras, and portable HDTV monitors. No other available wireless technologies—
such as Bluetooth or 802.11a/b—are capable of transferring streaming video.
23. Radar Systems.
Radar is considered one of the most powerful applications of UWB technology. The fine positioning
characteristics of narrow UWB pulses enables them to offer high-resolution radar (within centimeters) for
military and civilian applications. Also, because of the very wide frequency spectrum band, UWB signals can
easily penetrate various obstacles. This property makes UWB-based ground-penetrating radar (GPR) a useful
asset for rescue and disaster recovery teams for detecting survivors buried under rubble in disaster
situations.
24. Summarizes UWB applications in data communications, radar, and localization.
25. Standardization
Wireless Personal Area Networks using UWB as PHY options
IEEE standard of 802.15.3a for high data rate
DS-UWB vs. MB-OFDM-UWB
Proposal with drawn on Jan 2006
IEEE standard of 802.15.4a for low data rate
Communications
High precision ranging and location
26. Advantages - Limitations
Advantages
UWB technology has very high potential in real life applications, due to its high bandwidth
and low power.
Very interesting application in wireless content transfer, especially for HD videos.
Secure transmission, low probability of interception or detection and anti-jam immunity.
Limitations
Emissions below conventional level.
Not appropriate for a WAN (Wide Area Network) deployment such as
wireless broadband access.
28. Reference
1) Advancement in Microstrip Antennas with Recent Applications,Chapter 6,UWB Antennas for Wireless Applications,Osama Haraz and Abdel-Razik Sebak.
2) Linardou, I., Migliaccio, C., Laheurte, J. M., & Papiernik, A. (1997). Twin Vivaldi an‐ tenna fed by coplanar waveguide. Electron. Lett., 33(22), 1835-1837.
3) Kim, S. G., & Chang, K. (2004). Ultra Wideband Exponentially-Tapered Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, Monterey, CA, June, 3, 2273-2276.
4) Sibille, A. (2005). Compared Performance of UWB Antennas for Time and Frequency Domain Modulation. 28th URSI General Assembly, NewDelhi, India.
5) Licul, S, Noronha, J. A. N., Davis, W. A., Sweeney, D. G., Anderson, C. R., & Bielawa, T. M. (2003). A parametric study of time-domain characteristics of possible UWB an‐tenna architectures. IEEE
58th Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2003-Fall, Octo‐ ber, 5, 6-9.
6) Su, S. W., Wong, K. L., & Tang, C. L. (2004). Ultra-wideband square planar monopole antenna for IEEE 802.16a operation in the 2-11 GHz band. Microwave Opt. Tech-nol. Lett., 42(6), 463-466,
Sept.
7) Kenny, S. Ryu, & Ahmed, A. Kishk. (2009). UWB Antenna with Single or Dual Bandnotches for Lower WLAN Band and Upper WLAN Band. IEEE Transactions on Anten‐ nas and Propagations, 57(12),
3942-3950, DEC.
8) Ultrawideband Antennas: Design and Applications.
9) Introduction to Ultra Wideband for Wireless Communications.
10) Ultra-Wideband: Past, Present and Future ,White Paper Presented by the EUWB consortium 2011-06-09.
11) UWB Theory and Applications,Ian Oppermann, Matti Hamalainen and Jari Iinatti All of CWC, University of Oula, Finland, 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
12) Essentials of UWB,Stephen Wood Roberto Aiello, Cambridge University Press 2008.
13) Introduction to Ultra-Wideband Communications,Nekoogar.book,August 2005.
14) A Comparison between Ultra-Wideband and Narrowband Transceivers,David Barras1, Frank Ellinger and Heinz Jäckel Laboratory for Electronics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH),
Zurich, Switzerland.
15) ULTRA WIDEBAND SYSTEMS WITH MIMO,Thomas Kaiser and Feng Zheng ,Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany, 2010 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.