UWB technology, final year project.

1. UWB
(Ultra WideBand)
Technology
Presented by :- Swadhin Kumar Sahoo Regd. No:- 1801219165
College Of Engineering Bhubaneswar Branch:- C.S.E

2. Introduction to UWB :-
2
Ultra-wideband (UWB, ultra wideband, ultra-wide
band and ultraband) is a radio technology that can
use a very low energy level for short-range, high-
bandwidth communications over a large portion of
the radio spectrum. UWB has traditional applications
in non-cooperative radar imaging. Most recent
applications target sensor data collection, precision
locating and tracking applications. As of September
2019, UWB support has started to appear in high-
end smartphones.

3. Ultra WideBand
⪢ Also referred to as impulse, baseband
or zero-carrier technology
⪢ Pulses instead of continuous waves
⪢ Pulse length on order of sub-
nanoseconds in time domain
⪢ Result is that it uses a wide swath of
bandwidth in frequency domain
3
 
 
2
Fractional Bandwidth: > 20% , but not less than 500 MHz
h l
f
c h l
f f
B
B
F f f

 


4. History of UWB
 1962 – Study in time-domain
electromagnetics (Ross)
 1968 - Short Pulse Radar and
Communications
Systems conceived
 1973 – First UWB patent issued
 1978 – Developed SPR and CS
 1984 – LPI/D developed
 1989 – DoD refers to it as UWB
 1994 – Most work done
without classified
government restriction

5. “
5
UWB
Construction

6. How does UWB works?
⪢ A UWB transmitter works by sending billions of
pulses (UWB was previously known as “pulse
radio”) across the wide spectrum frequency.
⪢ A corresponding receiver then translates the
pulses into data by listening for a familiar pulse
sequence sent by the transmitter.
⪢ Pulses are sent about one every two
nanoseconds, which helps UWB achieve its real-
time accuracy.
⪢ UWB is extremely low power, but the high
bandwidth (500MHz) is ideal for relaying a lot
data from a host device to other devices up to
about 30 feet away.
⪢ Unlike Wi-Fi, however, it is not particularly good
at transmitting through walls.
6

7. Pulse vs. Continuous Wave
7

8. Single Band
 The Single Band (Direct-Sequence UWB (DS-
UWB)) :supports the idea of impulse radio
that is the original approach to UWB by using
narrow pulses that occupy a large portion of
the spectrum.
 Direct-sequence UWB is a single-band
approach that uses narrow UWB pulses and
time-domain signal processing combined
with DSSS techniques to transmit and receive
information.
⪢ The DS-UWB technique is scalable and can
achieve data rates in excess of 1 Gbps.
Types Of UWB
Multi Band
⪢ The Multi Band OFDM(MB-OFDM)
approach divides the available UWB
frequency spectrum (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz)
into multiple smaller and no overlapping
bands with bandwidths greater than 500
MHz .
⪢ This approach is similar to the narrowband
frequency-hopping technique.
⪢ Offers the advantage of avoiding
transmission overcertain bands.
8

9. UWB Modulation Methods
The modulation methods used in
UWB systems are :
⪢ Pulse Position Modulation
(PPM)
⪢ On-Off Keying modulation
(OOK)
⪢ Pulse Amplitude Modulation
(PAM)
⪢ Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM)
9

10. UWB Modulation Methods
1) Pulse Position
Modulation
(PPM) : When
the transmitted
bit is 0, pulse
does not shift.
When bit is 1,
pulse shift a
specific amount
δ, where δ is
called
modulation
index.
2) On-Off Keying
modulation
(OOK): When
the transmitted
bit is 1, a pulse
is transmitted.
When the bit is
0, no pulse is
transmitted.
3) Pulse Amplitude
Modulation
(PAM) : When
the transmitted
bit is 1, a positive
pulse is
transmitted.
When the bit is
0, a negative
pulse is
transmitted.
10
4) Pulse Width
Modulation
(PWM) :
When the
transmitted
bit is 1, a
wide pulse is
transmitted.
When the bit
is 0, a
narrow pulse
is
transmitted.

11. Advantages :-
11
 UWB technology has very high
potential in real life applications,
due to its high bandwidth and low
power.
 Very interesting application in
wireless content transfer, especially
for HD videos.
 Secure transmission, low
probability of interception or
detection and anti-jam immunity.

12. Limitations :-
12
 Emissions below conventional level.
 Not appropriate for a WAN (Wide
Area Network) deployment such as
wireless broadband access.

13. UWB Applications
⪢ Communications Devices.
⪢ Imaging Devices.
⪢ Vehicular Radar Systems.
⪢ For communications devices, the FCC has assigned different emission
limits for indoor and outdoor UWB devices. The spectral mask for
outdoor devices is 10 dB lower than that for indoor devices, between 1.61
GHz and 3.1 GHz.
⪢ Vehicular radar systems are allowed to emit –41.3 dBm/MHz only in
them 22 GHz to 29 GHz frequency range. The center frequency of their
signal should be higher than 24.075 GHz.
13

14. Standardization
⪢ Wireless Personal Area Networks using UWB as PHY options
⪢ IEEE standard of 802.15.3a for high data rate
⪢ DS-UWB vs. MB-OFDM-UWB
⪢ Proposal with drawn on Jan 2006
⪢ IEEE standard of 802.15.4a for low data rate
⪢ Communications
⪢ High precision ranging and location
14

15. Thank
You
15