This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. UWB uses short radio pulses rather than modulated carrier waves for communication. It has advantages like high data transfer rates, low power usage, immunity to interference, and ability to pass through obstacles. UWB can be used for applications such as wireless local area networks, sensor networks, tracking/positioning, and communications. The document discusses UWB principles, technologies like impulse radio, challenges including standardization, and potential applications and advantages of UWB technology.

1. ULTRA WIDE BAND
By JALAL ABD ALI

2. Title and Content
• What is UWB?
• Principles of UWB
• Advantages of UWB
• Applications of UWB
• UWB Characteristics
• Comparison With Other
Technologies
• UWB Technologies
• Information Modulation
• Challenges
• Conclusion
• References

3. What is UWB?
• UWB is a wireless technology developed to transfer data at high rates over
very short distances at very low power densities and an area of immense
current interest, with Numerous potential applications.
• UWB short-range radio technology complements other longer-range radio
technologies such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and cellular wide area communications.
It is used to relay data from a host device to other devices in the immediate
area (up to 10 m or 30 feet).
• Has the ability to carry signals through doors and other obstacles that tend to
reflect signals at more limited bandwidths and at higher power levels.

4. What is UWB?
Radio technology that modulates impulse based waveforms instead of
continuous carrier waves
Frequency
Modulation
2.4 GHz
Narrowband
Communication
0 1 0 1
Impulse
Modulation
3 10 GHzfrequency
Ultrawideband
Communication
Time-domain behavior Frequency-domain behavior
time
1 0 1
(FCC Min=500Mhz)

5. Principles of UWB
• US FCC defined a UWB signal as any signal with a bandwidth at the
10 dB attenuation points ( 90% spectral power bandwidth) ; Most
narrowband Systems occupy less than 10% of the center frequency
bandwidth, and are transmitted at far greater power levels
greater than 20% of the modulation frequency.
• In Time Domain : very narrow pulses on the order of nanoseconds
(Very low duty cycle )
• In frequency domain :very wide bandwidth in the frequency domain at
at very low power spectral density

6. Advantages of UWB
• Spectrum Reuse (3.1-10.6 GHz, coexist with other users)
• High data rateas hundreds of Mbps or even several Gbps with distances of
1 to 10 meters
• Multipath immunity (Path delay >> pulse width)
• Low power {Baseband modulation (no carrier)}
• Low cost (Almost “all digital”, simple analog module )
• Interference Immunity .UWB systems operate at extremely low power
transmission levels.
• High Security

7. Applications of UWB
 Communications - High Speed WLANs, Mobile Ad-Hoc wireless networks,
Ground wave Communications, Handheld and Network Radios, Intra-home and Intra-
office communication. Stealthy communications provide significant potential for
military, law enforcement, and commercial applications.
 Sensor Networks - Ground penetrating Radar that detects and identifies targets
hidden in foliage, buildings or beneath the ground. Intrusion Detection Radars,
Obstacle Avoidance Radars, and Short-range motion sensing.
Tracking/Positioning - Precision Geolocation Systems ( PGS ) and high-
resolution imaging. Indoor and outdoor tracking down to less than a centimeter. Good
for emergency services, inventory tracking, and asset safety and security.

8. UWB Characteristics
• Extremely difficult to detect by unintended users
• Highly Secured
• Non-interfering to other communication systems
• It appears like noise for other systems
• Both Line of Sight and non-Line of Sight operation
• Can pass through walls and doors
• High multipath immunity
• Common architecture for communications, radar & positioning (software re-
definable)
• Low cost, low power, nearly all-digital and single chip architecture

9. Comparison With Other Technologies
• Faster than Bluetooth, Wi Fi
• Data rate of 450Mbps instead of 1Mbps
• Complementary to existing radio technologies like 802.11

10. Comparison With Other Technologies

11. UWB Technologies
• Carrier free direct sequence (DS-UWB)
transmits a series of impulses. In view of the very
short duration of the pulses, the spectrum of the
signal occupies a very wide bandwidth.
• Multi-Band OFDM (MBOFDM)
uses a wide band or multiband OFDM
(MBOFDM) signal that is effectively
a 500 MHz wide OFDM signal
This is 500 MHz signal is then hopped
in frequency to enable it to occupy
a sufficiently high bandwidth.
fi
Frequency Subcarrier
(not delta function) To Time
Domain
Signal
TD Signal
into Freq.
Domain
Frequency Subcarrier
(not delta function) To Time
Domain
Signal
TD Signal
into Freq.
Domain
f1 f2 fN

12. UWB Technologies
Band Plan for MB OFDM
• Group the 528 MHz bands into 4 distinct groups
• Group A: Intended for 1st generation devices (3.1 – 4.9 GHz)
• Group B: Reserved for future use (4.9 – 6.0 GHz)
• Group C: Intended for devices with improved SOP performance (6.0 – 8.1 GHz)
• Group D: Reserved for future use (8.1 – 10.6 GHz)
f
3432
MHz
3960
MHz
4488
MHz
5016
MHz
5808
MHz
6336
MHz
6864
MHz
7392
MHz
7920
MHz
8448
MHz
8976
MHz
9504
MHz
10032
MHz
Band
#1
Band
#2
Band
#3
Band
#4
Band
#5
Band
#6
Band
#7
Band
#8
Band
#9
Band
#10
Band
#11
Band
#12
Band
#13
GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D

13. Ultra Wideband Technologies
• Complex Signal Processing the carrier less system must rely on relatively
complex and sophisticated signal processing techniques to recover the communications
data from this noisy environment.[2]
• Inapplicability of super-resolution beam forming Since the theory of beam
forming and super resolution beam forming is based on the phase relationships among
sinusoidal waveforms, it does not directly apply to UWB systems using pulses
• Antenna Form Factor UWB antennas are relatively small and use various
emissions techniques, not necessarily optimal. The “disadvantage” of antenna form
factor in connection with UWB consists of the fact that it is largely unknown due to
• the relative novelty of UWB transmission for most communication applications.
Disadvantages of Carrier less Transmission

14. Information Modulation
• Pulse Position Modulation
(PPM)
• Pulse Amplitude Modulation
(PAM)
• On-Off Keying (OOK)
• Bi-Phase Modulation (BPSK)
Pulse length ~ 200ps; Energy concentrated in 2-6GHz band;
Voltage swing ~100mV; Power ~ 10uW

15. 15
Challenges
• Main challenge is in the standardization. Different countries allocated
different spectral regions for unlicensed use.
• Interference with other licensed bands
• Tradeoffs with noise.
• Design of antenna
• Due to power limit set by FCC, the high data rate is available only in
short range ( <10 m)

16. • Well suited for high speed, short range WPAN.
• Supports multimedia data rates, and offers inherent data
security.
• There's a possibility that UWB will become the "next best"
technology for all types of wireless networks, including
wireless LANs.
• UWB technology has very high potential in real life
applications, due to its high bandwidth and low power.
• Very interesting application in wireless content transfer,
especially for HD videos.
CONCLUSION

17. REFRENCES
• Rahman,T.A ,Ngah,R,Hall,P.S.Wireless and OpticalCommunications Networks, 2009.WOCN
'09. 5th IFIP InternationalConference : 5-7 May 2009
• LiuqingYang; Giannakis,G.B..”UltraWideband communications,An idea whoseTime has
come.”Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE.Volume 21, Issue 6, Date: Nov. 2007.
• Dr. Jeffrey Reed, Dr. R. Michael Buehrer, Dr. Dong S. Ha, “Introduction to UWB:Impulse Radio
for Radar andWireless Communications”.
• M.Ghavami,L.B. Michael,R.Kohno, “Ultra wideband signals and systems in communication
engineering”,2nd Edition.
• Ryuji Kohno and KenichiTakizawa, “Overview of Research and Development Activities in
NICT UWB Consortium,” 2005 IEEE InternationalConference on Ultra-Wideband, Zurich,
Switzerland, pp. 735-740, September 5-8, 2005.
• L.E.Miller , “A Review of Ultra widebandTechnology”,Wireless CommunicationTechnologies
Group, National Institute of Standards andTechnology,Gaithersburg, Maryland.