The document discusses types of specific adaptive immunity, highlighting naturally and artificially acquired immunity. Naturally acquired immunity includes active immunity from exposure to pathogens and passive immunity via maternal antibody transfer. Artificially acquired immunity involves intentional exposure to vaccines for active immunity and the introduction of externally produced antibodies for passive immunity.

1. TYPES OF SPECIFIC (ADAPTIVE)
IMMUNITY
M kamil khan
Microbiologist

2. CONTENT
 Introduction to Acquired immunity
 Naturally Acquired Immunity
 Naturally acquired active immunity
 Naturally acquired passive immunity
 Artificially Acquired Immunity
 Artificially acquired active immunity
 Artificially acquired passive immunity

3. NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
 There are two types of natural acquired immunity
 1. Naturally acquired active immunity
 2. Naturally acquired passive immunity

4. 1. NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE
IMMUNITY
 when an individual’s immune system contacts a foreign stimulus (antigen)
such as a pathogen that causes an infection.
 The immune system responds by producing antibodies and activated
lymphocytes that inactivate or destroy the pathogen.
 The immunity produced can be either lifelong, as with measles or
chickenpox, or last for only a few years, as with influenza.

5. 2. NATURALLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE
IMMUNITY
 The transfer of antibodies from one host to another. For example, some of a
pregnant woman’s antibodies pass across the placenta to her fetus.
 If the female is immune to diseases such as polio or diphtheria, this placental
transfer also gives her fetus and newborn temporary immunity to these diseases.
 Certain other antibodies can pass from the female to her offspring in the first
secretions from the mammary glands.
 Naturally acquired passive immunity generally lasts only a short time (weeks
to months, at most).

6. These maternal antibodies are essential for providing
immunity to the newborn for the first few weeks or
months of life, until its own immune system matures.
Protection of the newborn by antibodies from
colostrum is especially important in certain animal
species (such as cattle and horses), which have less
antibody transfer across the placenta than do primates.

7. ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
 There are two types of artificial acquired immunity
 1. Artificial acquired active immunity
 2. Artificial acquired passive immunity

8. 1. ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE
IMMUNITY
 when an animal is intentionally exposed to a foreign material and
induced to form antibodies and activated lymphocytes.
 This foreign material is called a vaccine and the procedure is
vaccination (immunization).
 A vaccine may consist of a preparation of killed microorganisms;
living, weakened (attenuated) microorganisms; genetically engineered
organisms; or inactivated bacterial toxins (toxoids) that are administered
to induce immunity artificially

9. 2. ARTIFICIAL ACQUIRED PASSIVE
IMMUNITY
 when antibodies or lymphocytes that have been produced outside the host
are introduced into a host.
 Although this type of immunity is immediate, it is short lived, lasting only a
few weeks to a few months.
 An example would be botulinum antitoxin produced in a horse and given to a
human suffering from botulism food poisoning, or a bone marrow transplant
given to a patient with genetic immunodeficiency.

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