Types of immunity

1. PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD

3. Contents
Introduction
Typesofimmunity
Natural or innateimmunity
 Typesof innate immunity
 Acquired or adaptive immunity
 Types of Acquired immunity
 Mechanism of active immunity
 References

4. Introduction
 Immunity is the ability of the body to protect
against all types of foreign bodies like bacteria,
virus, toxicsubstances etc. which enterthe body.
 As it protects us from disease it is also called
disease resistance.
 Lack of immunity is known assusceptibility.
 Immunity is done by immune system which is a
complex network of lymphoid organs such asbone
marrow, thymus, spleen etc.

5. Types of immunity
Immunity
Innate immunity Acquired immunity
Anatomic Phagocytic Blood
al barriers barriers proteins
Cytokines Passive
immunity
Active
immunity
Naturally
acquired
Artificially
acquired
Naturally
acquired
Artificially
acquired

6. Innate Immunity
 Itisalsocalled naturalor nativeimmunity, consist of
mechanismsthat exist before infection and are
capable of rapid responsesto microbes.
 Itiscomprises four typesof defense barriers-
1) Anatomical barriers
2) Phagocytic barriers
3) Bloodproteinsand
4) Cytokines.

7. Type Mechanism
 Skin
 Mucous membrane
 Temperature
 Low pH
3)Phagocytic barriers
NK cells)
4)Inflammatory barriers
1)Anatomical barriers
Mechanical barriersretards entry of
microbes.
Acidic environment (pH 3-5) retards
growth of microbes.
Mucous entrapsforeignmicroorganism.
2) Physiologic barriers
Bodytemperatureand fever response
inhibits growth of somepathogens.
Acidic pH of stomach (pH 2)kills most
ingested microorganism.
Ingest and destroysmicrobes by
(Neutrophils, Macrophages and endocytosis and phagocytosis)
Tissuedamage and infection induce
leakage of vascular fluid, containing serum
protein with antibacterial activity.

8. Types of innate immunity
 It is of threetypes-
1) Species Immunity
2) Racial Immunity
3) Individual Immunity
 Species immunity is the total immunityshown byall
members of a species against pathogen; e.g. birds
immune totetanus.
 Racial immunity is that in which various races show
marked difference in theirresistance tocertain infectious
disease.
 Individual immunity isvery specific foreach and every
individual despite having same racial background and
opportunity forexposure.

9. Acquiredimmunity
Acquired or adaptive immunity is the immunity that is
developed by the host in its body after exposure to suitable
antigen or after transfer of antibodies or lymphocyte from an
immunedonor.
Characteristics of Acquired Immunity
1. Antigenic Specificity
2. Diversity
3. Immunologic memory
4. Self/non-self recognition

10. Types of Acquired Immunity
Acquired Immunity isof twotypes- active and passive
immunity.
1. Active immunity
Itisinduced bynatural exposure toa pathogen or by
vaccination.
Itcan becategorized into two types-
Naturally acquired and Artificially acquired activeimmunity.
2. Passiveimmunity
Passiveimmunity isachieve bytransfer of immune products,
such asantibody or sensitizedT-cells, from an immune
individual tonon immune one.
Itisof twotypes- Naturally acquired and Artificially
acquired passiveimmunity

11. Mechanism of active immunity
• Body’s immune system provide protection by
synthesizing antibodies or immunoglobulinsin
response to anantigen.
• Primary immune response takes place when the
host is attacked bycertain microbes for first time. The
antibodiesstart togenerate aftercertain period as the
binding of an antigen with its particular antibody is
veryspecific.
• Secondary immune response occurs when an
individual is being attacked by the same antigen
subsequently. It is a rapidprocess.
• Acquired active immune response takes twodistinct
forms- humoral and cell mediated response.

12. Humoralimmunityandcellmediatedimmunity

13. Thank you