The document outlines cybercrime, defining it as a crime involving computers and networks, and emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity in protecting data from various threats. It identifies common attack types such as denial-of-service, eavesdropping, and phishing, and discusses the significant financial impacts of security breaches. Recommendations for enhancing security include using firewalls, anti-virus software, strong passwords, regular updates, and being cautious about sharing personal information online.

2. Computer crime, or cybercrime, is crime that involves
a computer and a network. The computer may have been
used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.

3. Cyber security is the body of technologies, processes and
practices designed to protect networks, computers
programs and data from attack, damage or unauthorized
access.
OR
Cyber Security is the protection of information
systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the
software, and to the information on them.

4. NEED FOR CYBER SECURITY
Cyber security is necessary since it helps in securing data from
threats such as data theft or misuse, also safeguards your
system from viruses.

5. A vulnerability is a system susceptibility or flaw. To secure a
computer system, it is important to understand the attacks that
can be made against it, and these threats can typically be
classified into one of the categories below:
Backdoors: It is a cryptosystem or an algorithm, is any
secret method of bypassing normal authentication or
security controls.
Denial-of-Service Attack: It is designed to make a machine
or network resource unavailable to its intended users.
Eavesdropping: It is the act of surreptitiously listening to a
private conversation, typically between hosts on a network.
Spoofing: It is a fraudulent or malicious practice in which
communication is sent from an unknown source disguised
as a source known to the receiver.
Phishing: It is the attempt to acquire sensitive information

6.  Financial Systems
 Utilities and Industrial
Equipment's
 Aviation
 Consumer Devices
 Large Corporations
 Automobiles
 Government

7. Serious Financial damage has been caused by security
breaches, The 2003 loss estimates by these firms range from
$13 billion(worms and viruses only) to $226 billion(For all
forms of covert attacks). The reliability of these estimates is
often challenged; the underlying methodology is basically
anecdotal.
Impact of Security breaches

9. As with physical security, the motivations for breaches of
computer security vary between attackers. Some are thrill-
seekers or vandals, others are activists or criminals looking
for financial gain.

11. Use different ID or Password combinations for different
account and avoid writing them down. Make the passwords
more complicated by combining letters, numbers, special
characters and change them on a regular basis.
Ex:

12. • Activate firewalls: Firewall are the first line of cyber
defense; they block connections to unknown or bogus
sites and will keep out some types of viruses and
hackers.
• Use Anti-virus/ malware Software: Prevent viruses
from infecting your computer by installing and regularly
updating anti-virus software.
• Block Spyware attacks: Prevent spyware from in
filtering your computer by installing and updating anti-
spyware software.

13. Make sure your social networking profiles (e.g. Facebook,
Twitter, YouTube, MSN, etc.) are set to private. Check your
security settings. Be careful what information you post
online. Once it is on the Internet, it is there forever!

14. Be aware that your mobile device is vulnerable to viruses
and hackers. Download applications from trusted sources.

15. Keep your applications and operating system (e.g.
Windows, Mac, Linux) current with the latest system
updates. Turn on automatic updates to prevent potential
attacks on older software.

16. Use encryption for your most sensitive files such as tax
returns or financial records, make regular back-ups of all
your important data, and store it in another location.

17. Wi-Fi (wireless) networks at home are vulnerable to
intrusion if they are not properly secured. Review and
modify default settings. Public Wi-Fi, “Hot Spots”, are also
vulnerable. Avoid conducting financial or corporate
transactions on these networks.

18. Be cautious when giving out personal information such as
your name, address, phone number or financial information
on the Internet. Make sure that websites are secure (e.g.
when making online purchases) or that you’ve enabled
privacy settings (e.g. when accessing/using social
networking sites).

19. Always think before you click on a link or file of unknown
origin. Don’t feel pressured by any emails. Check the
source of the message. When in doubt, verify the source.
Never reply to emails that ask you to verify your information
or confirm your user ID or password.

20. Don’t panic! If you are a victim, if you encounter illegal
Internet content (e.g. child exploitation) or if you suspect a
computer crime, identity theft or a commercial scam, report
this to your local police. If you need help with maintenance
or software installation on your computer, consult with your
service provider or a certified computer technician.