The document discusses several key events in early 19th century America, including the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 whereby the United States acquired the Louisiana Territory from France in a deal brokered by President Thomas Jefferson. It also describes the Lewis and Clark Expedition from 1803-1806 that explored the new western lands. Further, it outlines the conflicts between American settlers and Shawnee leader Tecumseh, culminating in the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. The document concludes with an overview of the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States and the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 that ended hostilities.

1. Westward Expansion

2. The Napoleonic Wars Napoleon Bonaparte 1801- first consul 1804- Emperor A French empire Fought Britain Failed to take India Louisiana- an opportunity in the New World to establish a dominant position

3. Napoleon & Louisiana Friend or Enemy? Napoleon’s ambitions recognized Jefferson learned of secret San Ildefonso Treaty (1800) New Orleans Vital port- products from the West Spain wouldn’t allow transfer of goods to ocean liners from barges Essentially closed the lower Mississippi River

4. Jefferson’s Options Invade New Orleans Help westerners Start a war w/ France Abide by Spanish law Avoid war w/ France Lose support of westerners Buy New Orleans Jefferson’s suggestion Ambassador Robert Livingston

5. The Louisiana Purchase Livingston proposed purchase of western Louisiana Jefferson asked Congress Increase size of Army Construct a river fleet Impression? French Army & Navy Yellow fever Frozen in harbor 1803 European offensive

6. The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon offered all of Louisiana The Deal- April 30, 1803 $15 million French get exclusive commercial rights in New Orleans Residents = citizens Unclear boundaries = “same extent” as under Spain & France

7. The Louisiana Purchase

8. Lewis & Clark

9. Lewis & Clark Jefferson wanted to explore the continent Geography & trade 1803 helped to plan an expedition Meriwether Lewis William Clark The Corps of Discovery 4 dozen men & Sacajawea Late 1805 reached Pacific Sept. 1806 back in St. Louis

10. Lewis & Clark

11. Lewis & Clark

12. Conflicts with Indians William Henry Harrison 1801 Gov. of Indiana territory American policy for Indians Assimilate & become farmers Move West of the Mississippi River Tensions between the US & Britain Canada thought an invasion likely Wanted to build alliances w/ Indians

13. Conflicts with Indians Tenskwatawa Known as the Prophet Preached about the sinfulness of whites & superior virtues of Indian civilizations Religious commonality lead to efforts for political & military unity Tecumseh Brother to Tenskwatawa Leader of Shawnees

14. Conflicts with Indians- Tecumseh Believed only united efforts by Indians could to advance of whites 1809- attempted to unite all Indians of Miss. Valley Treaties weren’t valid b/c individual tribes couldn’t cede land which belonged to all of the tribes

15. Conflicts with Indians- Tecumseh Tecumseh speaking to Harrison “ The Great Spirit gave this great island to his red children. He placed the whites on the other side of the big water. They were not contented with their own, but came to take ours from us. They have driven us from the sea to the lakes- we can go no farther.”

16. Conflicts with Indians Tecumseh traveled south in 1811 to encourage the southern tribes to support the confederacy Harrison attacked in the battle of Tippecanoe- Nov. 1811 Burned the town Disillusioned Indians b/c the Prophet’s magic didn’t protect them

17. A Fever for War British Canada Supported Indians v. US More land Spanish Florida Slaves escaped into Florida Indian raids on Americans Water routes to Atlantic ports British restrictions on trade Access to European markets Impressment of sailors .

18. The War of 1812

19. The War of 1812 Encouraged by Henry Clay (KY) & John C. Calhoun (SC) US declared war June 18, 1812 Britain was distracted by Napoleon until 1814

20. The War of 1812 The Battle of the Thames William Henry Harrison Death of Tecumseh Weakened Indians of the NW The Creeks Andrew Jackson in FL Battle of Horseshoe Bend Creeks ceded lands & moved westward Nov. 7, 1814- captured Pensacola

21. The War of 1812 1814 Napoleon surrendered British had ignored the US, but could not focus forces British landed outside D.C. Entered the city & burnt the White House August 24, 1814 Retaliation for burning of Toronto/ York

22. Washington Baltimore Fort McHenry over Baltimore Ready & waiting Sunk old ships at harbor entry Francis Scott Key On a British ship negotiating release of an American prisoner Wrote “The Star- Spangled Banner” poem Later put to music of an English drinking song 1931 became the national anthem The War of 1812

23. Other Battles Plattsburgh- Sept. 11, 1814 Large British force defeated Protected N. border New Orleans- Jan. 8, 1815 British vets from France Andrew Jackson’s forces dug in & well protected British in open & decimated

24. The Treaty of Ghent Negotiations began in 1814 Ghent, Belgium Terms: Basically just ended the fighting Signed Christmas eve 1814 Impacts: Longest unguarded border Trade agreements & + relations More westward expansion