This document compares poured concrete and block wall basements. Poured concrete walls are stronger, have higher fire resistance, and better water resistance than block walls. They are constructed all at once by pouring concrete into a frame. Block walls are weaker but easier to repair by replacing individual blocks. The document also outlines DOSH rules for excavation work, including guard rails around excavations and ladders for access. It defines ground anchors used to transmit tensile loads into the ground and describes types like straight shaft and underreamed anchors. Finally, common basement problems like sump pump failure, cracks from shrinkage and settling, and their causes are discussed.

1. BASEMENT EXCAVATION &
EARTHWORK
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)
BLD 60204 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY II
SECTION 3 | GROUP 1

2. 1
Poured Concrete
Vs
Block Wall Basement

3. compare
Poured concrete wall Block wall basement
STRENGTH
Stronger
• Have better lateral strength which means
they are able to resist more pressure and
cave-in that caused by wind and soil from
the outside.
• Can be installed in a thinner wall section but
still achieve greater compression and tensile
strength.
Weaker
• Porous of the block reduce the wall’s
strength.
• However, the strength of the wall can be
added if larger quantities and types of steel
are often be utilized.
POURED CONCRETE VS BLOCK WALL BASEMENT

4. Poured concrete wall Block wall basement
FIRE RESISTANCE Higher
• Has twice the amount of fire resistance
than block wall because of its density and
joint-free construction.
Lower
• Because of its hollow core
structure.
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Created at once
• Concrete is poured into a prebuilt frame
which creating the entire basement at
once.
• Required special training to build the wall.
Installed individually
• Masonry or cinder blocks are
installed individually and secured
in place with mortar.
• Any homeowner with general
masonry knowledge are able to
build the wall.

5. Poured concrete wall Block wall basement
WATER
RESISTANCE
Higher
• Has fewer and smaller voids
• The increased strength, density and
joint-free construction reduce the
basement water problem
Lower
• Tend to have more leaks because of
the grout lines
• Water and weather will wear down
the mortar overtime and cause leaks
REPAIR
Harder
• Involve extensive and costly repair
because need to remodel or replace
the wall
Easier
• Can simply remove the defective
section and install a new block or
joint
POURED CONCRETE VS BLOCK WALL BASEMENT

6. 2
DOSH
Rules & Regulations
On Excavation Works

7. Website link: http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/
DOSH RULES & REGULATIONS

8. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 –
Factories and Machinery
(Building Operations & Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety)
Regulations 1986
DOSH RULES & REGULATIONS

9. 111. Protection of The Public.
(1) All public walkways, sidewalks, and the
thoroughfares bordering on or running
through any excavation site shall be provided
with substantial guard-rails or board fences. In
addition, temporary footwalks beyond the kerb
shall be substantially constructed and provided
with protection on both sides
111. Protection of The Public.
(2) A flagman or watchman shall be designated to
warn the public of the approach of trucks and to
direct the trucks in and out the property. Danger or
warning signs shall be posted at all truck entrances
and exits
DOSH RULES & REGULATIONS

10. 113. General Requirements.
(7) Open sides of excavations where a person may
fall more than 3 metres shall be guarded by
adequate barricades and suitable warning signs
shall be put up at conspicuous positions.
115. Access.
In every excavation of more than 1.2 metres deep there shall
be provided ladders, stairways or ramps to furnish safe access
to and egress from such excavation. Such ladders, stairways or
ramps shall comply with the provisions of these Regulations
and shall be installed in sufficient numbers and in such
locations as to be readily accessible
118. Positioning Of Machinery.
No person shall be permitted to position or operate machinery
in a manner likely to endanger himself or others in the vicinity
of the excavation site.
DOSH RULES & REGULATIONS

11. 3
Ground Excavation
&
Its Method

12. Definition
GROUND EXCAVATION & ITS METHOD
• A ground anchor is a structural element installed in soil or rock
that is used to transmit an applied tensile load into the ground.
• They are installed in grout
filled drill holes.
• They are also referred
as tiebacks.

13. Definition
GROUND EXCAVATION & ITS METHOD
An anchor comprises three parts :-
• The head, transmitting the anchor force to the structure via the bearing
plate
• The free length of tendon, from the
head to the near end of the anchorage
• The grouted anchorage, which is the
length of tendon by which the tensile
force is transmitted to the surrounding
ground through the grout

14. Types of ground anchor
GROUND EXCAVATION & ITS METHOD
TYPE A: Straight shaft gravity grouted
TYPE B: Straight shaft pressure-grouted
TYPE C: Post grouted
TYPE D: Underreamed

15. Straight shaft gravity grouted
• installed in rock and very stiff to hard cohesive soil deposits using
rotary drilling
Straight shaft pressure-grouted
• most suitable for coarse granular soils and weak fissured rock
Post grouted
• use delayed multiple grout injections to enlarge the grout body of
straight shafted gravity grouted ground anchors. Each injection is
separated by one or two days
Underreamed
• used in firm to hard cohesive deposits
GROUND EXCAVATION & ITS METHOD

16. Steps to install a ground anchor
SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION
1
Drill the holes to the required length
and diameter.
2
Install the prestressing steel unit.
(Strands or Bar)
3 Place primary grout.
4 Complete performance and proof tests.
5 Lock-off and stress.
6 Place secondary grout.
GROUND EXCAVATION & ITS METHOD

17. Video explaining ground anchor excavation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKeU6N5HWyw
References:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/if9
9015.pdf
http://www.pilebuck.com/foundation-manual-
caltrans/chapter-11-ground-anchors-soil-nails/
GROUND EXCAVATION & ITS METHOD

18. 4
Problems Related To
Basement
Excavation

19. Sump Pump Failure
• To remove water that has cumulated in a
water collecting sump basin
• The causes of Sump Pump Failure
- Power failure
- Sump pump in the wrong size
- Improper installation
- Lack of maintenance
- Frozen or clogged discharge lines
• Normally replace the battery every 2-3 years
PROBLEMS RELATED TO BASEMENT EXCAVATION

20. Basement Cracks
• Most damage to basements occurs slowly
• Cracks allow water to seep into your home
• Typically due to concrete shrinkage , thermal movement
• Especially the case during winter as
water expands and contraction
as it freezes and unfreezes
PROBLEMS RELATED TO BASEMENT EXCAVATION

21. • Vertical Basement Wall Cracks
Often mean that the soil your house is built on is shifting, creating
house settling and causing foundation problems. This indicates
pressure against your basement walls.
• Horizontal Basement Wall Cracks
These cracks happen when the pressure against the basement
wall forces them in. If this isn’t repaired the wall will cave in.
• Stair-Step Basement Wall Cracks
These cracks indicate your foundation is settling.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO BASEMENT EXCAVATION

22. ANY QUESTIONS?

23. THANK YOU !
STOP

24. SECTION 3 | GROUP 1
DR MYZATUL AISHAH
KAMARAZALY
LIM XIAO SHI
LAU WAN YEE
LOH WEI TING
KAREN LIM
DAPHNE TAN
LOW WAN JING
NGEOW YEE LING
SAHIL GUNESH
LECTURER
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THE END!