This document describes Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic protist that causes human and animal diseases. It has 3 subspecies (T. b. brucei, T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense) that cause different forms of trypanosomiasis. It completes its life cycle between an insect vector like the tsetse fly and a mammalian host. The parasite undergoes different life stages and uses variable surface proteins to evade the host immune system. Various Trypanosoma species infect different vertebrate hosts through different insect vectors, causing diseases such as sleeping sickness, surra, nagana, and Chagas disease.

3. Kingdom:Kingdom: Protista.Protista.
Subkingdom: Protozoa.Subkingdom: Protozoa.
Phylum:SarcomastigophoraPhylum:Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum: MastigophoraSubphylum: Mastigophora
Class:Zoomastigophora.Class:Zoomastigophora.
Order:KinetoplastidaOrder:Kinetoplastida
Family: TrypanosomatidaeFamily: Trypanosomatidae

4. Genus:Genus:TrypanosomaTrypanosoma
1-Species1-Species::TT.. bruceibrucei
SubspeciesSubspecies::
T. b. bruceiT. b. brucei
T. b. gambienseT. b. gambiense
T. b. rhodesienseT. b. rhodesiense
2-Species:2-Species: T. evansiT. evansi

5.  Trypanosoma brucei is parasitic protist
species that causes several disease for
human and animals.
 There are 3 sub-species of T.brucei which
cause trypanosomiasis;
1- T.b.brucei
2- T.b.gambiense
3- T.b.rhodesiense
 Approximately 16-18 million people are
currently infected, 50,000 of which die
each year.

6.  It needs two host to complete its life
cycle
1- insect vector
2- mammalian host
 It undergoes complex changes.
 It also features a unique and notable
variable surface glycoprotein (VSG)
coat in order to avoid the host's
immune system

7. Trypanosoma parasite

8. Life Cycle of Trypanosoma brucei

9. Life Cycle ofLife Cycle of Trypanosoma cruziTrypanosoma cruzi

10. 1-1- AmastigoteAmastigote - Basal body anterior- Basal body anterior
of nucleus, with a short, essentiallyof nucleus, with a short, essentially
non-functional, flagellum.non-functional, flagellum.
2-2- PromastigotePromastigote - Basal body- Basal body
anterior of nucleus, with a longanterior of nucleus, with a long
detached flagellum.detached flagellum.
Trypanosoma life stages are:

11. 3-3- EpimastigoteEpimastigote - Basal- Basal
body anterior ofbody anterior of
nucleus, with a longnucleus, with a long
flagellum attached alongflagellum attached along
the cell body.the cell body.
4-4- TrypomastigoteTrypomastigote --
Basal body posterior ofBasal body posterior of
nucleus, with a longnucleus, with a long
flagellum attached alongflagellum attached along
the cell body.the cell body.

12.  Infective stage for vertebrate isInfective stage for vertebrate is
metacyclic trypomastigotemetacyclic trypomastigote..
 Infective stage for the invertebrate isInfective stage for the invertebrate is
trypomastigotetrypomastigote

13. VectorVector
TaxonomyTaxonomy
 Kingdom: Animalia.Kingdom: Animalia.
 Class: Insecta.Class: Insecta.
 1-Genus:1-Genus: GlossinaGlossina
species:species: TsetseTsetse fly.fly.
 2-Genus:2-Genus:ReduviidaeReduviidae
ex: Triatoma spp. ((Kissing bug)
 3-Genus:Tabanedae
ex:ex: Tabanus sppTabanus spp..

15. The vectorThe vector
Glossina
(Tsetse fly)
Bugs, Assassin bugs
(or kissing bugs)
Tabanus spp.

17. TrypanosoaTrypanosoa
speciesspecies
VertebrateVertebrate
hosthost
vectorvector diseasedisease EpidemioloEpidemiolo
gygy
T.bruci bruciT.bruci bruci Horses, pigs,Horses, pigs,
cattle,cattle,
rodentsrodents
Glossina spp.Glossina spp. NaganaNagana Tropical AfricaTropical Africa
T.bruciT.bruci
gambiensegambiense
Human,Human,
monkeys,monkeys,
dogs,pigs,etc.dogs,pigs,etc.
..
Glossina spp.Glossina spp. SleepingSleeping
siknesssikness
West AfricaWest Africa
T.bruciT.bruci
rhodesienserhodesiense
Human,pigs.Human,pigs. Glossina spp.Glossina spp. SleepingSleeping
siknesssikness
East AfricaEast Africa
T.crusiT.crusi Human,Human,
domestic &domestic &
wild animal.wild animal.
ReduviidReduviid
bugsbugs
((TriatomaTriatoma
rhodniusrhodnius))
Chagas’Chagas’
diseasedisease
South AmericaSouth America
T.evansiT.evansi Horses, dogs.Horses, dogs. Tabanus spp.Tabanus spp. SurraSurra India, Africa,India, Africa,
Australia,Australia,
South andSouth and
centralcentral
AmericaAmerica
Diseases caused by Trypanosoma spp. parasite