This document provides information about Trypanasomatidae. It introduces Trypanasomatida as flagellated protozoans that are intercellular parasites requiring both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Three medically important diseases caused by Trypanasomatida species are described: Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis, and Chagas disease. The life cycle of Trypanasomatida involves different morphological forms in the insect host and mammalian bloodstream, including promastigotes, epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and amastigotes. The morphology of these different forms is outlined based on characteristics like flagellum length and position.

1. General Parasitology
Zoo-701 CRH03(02+01)
Tamreez khan
Roll No 39
M.Phil. Zoology
1st Semester
Submitted to Dr. Sadaf Naiz
Date of submission: 30-08-2021

2. Forms of Trypanasomatidae
Presentation Outline:
 Introduction to trypanasomatida
 Characteristics of trypanasomatida
 Medical importance of trypanasomatida
 life cycle of trypanasomatida
 Morphology of trypanasomatida

3. Introduction to trypanasomatida
Meaning:
Trypano mean borer
soma mean Body
Trypanasomatida is group of flagellated
protozoans (Kinetoplastid).

4. Characteristics of trypanasomatida
 Their species move like corkscrew motion.
 All member of this group are parasites.
 There are intercellular parasites.
 Their life cycles is mostly begin from insects.
 They required secondary host.
 Both the vertebrates and invertebrates can betheir
host.

5. Medical importance of trypanasomatida
There are three medically important diseases causes y species of
trypanasomatida.
1. Leishmaniasis:
leishmaniasis is the invasion of leishmania parasite in the skin, visrea and
the cutaneous parts of the human and other mammals.
Causes: various specie of genus Leishmaniasis are causing the leishmaniasis in
which L. tropica, L.donovani, L. mexicna are mostly involved
Vector: The parasite of leishmaniasis are spread through sand fly.

6. 02. Trypanasomiasis:
it is also known as sleeping sickness.
Causes: trypanasomiasis is caused by trypanosome
bruci.
Vector: The vector for this parasites is also an insect
called tsetse fly.

7. 03. Chagas disease:
it is also known as American Trypanasomiasis and it is
tropica parasitic diseases.
Causes: Chagas disease is caused by trypanosome cruzi
Vector: this parasite is transmitted though Kissing bug
(triatominae).

8. Life cycle of trypanasomatida
All the trypanasomatida required more than one host.
It is mostly live in the digestive tracts of blood sucking insects and blood stream of
vertebrates.
They go through different morphological structure at least two from some time
many in their life structure.
The promastigote and epimastigote are found in the insects tracts.
Tropomastigote form in the mammalian bloodstream.
Amastigote from in the intracellular environment.

9. Morphology of trypanosomatida
The trypanosomatida appear in different
Morphological form during their life
Cycle.
Their morphological forms are based on
The length, position and attachment of
Flagellum.
All trypanosomatida species have
Single nucleus.

10. Amastigote (leishmanial).
Leishmania amastigotes are particularly small and
are among the smallest eukaryotic cells. The
flagellum is very short, projecting only slightly
beyond the flagellar pocket.
Amastigotes are a common morphology during an
intracellular lifecycle stage in a mammalian host.
All Leishmania have an amastigote stage of the
lifecycle.

12. Promastigote
The promastigote form is a common
morphology in the insect host.
The flagellum is found anterior of nucleus
and flagellum not attached to the cell body.
The kinetoplast is located in front of the
nucleus, near the anterior end of the body.

14. Epimastigote
The flagellum exits the cell anterior of nucleus and is
connected to the cell body for part of its length by an
undulating membrane. The kinetoplast is located between
the nucleus and the anterior end.
Epimastigotes are a common form in the insect host
and Crithidia and Blastocrithidia, both parasites of insects,
exhibit this form during their life cycles.

15. Trypomastigote (trypanosomal)
In trypomastigotes the kinetoplast is near the
posterior end of the body, and the flagellum lies
attached to the cell body for most of its length by an
undulating membrane.
This stage is characteristic of the
genus Trypanosoma in the mammalian host
bloodstream as well as infective metacyclic stages in
the fly vector.