Large cities in developing countries are characterized by growth in automobile ownership, insufficient
transportation infrastructure and service development. These cities often suffer from congestion, poor mobility
and accessibility, significant economic waste, adverse environmental impact and safety problems. This paper
focuses on identification of travel time characteristics and other traffic parameters and to develop a predictive
model for travel time on Akure major roads. Data on travel time were collected for vehicles during the morning
and evening peak periods using floating car technique. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS) and fitted into Multiple Regression model to establish a relationship between the
Travel Time and other road traffic parameters. Travel time (Tt) was modeled as a function of section length
(X1), number of intersections (X2), pedestrian/ economic activities (X3), Traffic volume (X4), enforcement
agency (X5) and road width (X6). The Coefficient of multiple determination R2 was 0.702 which means that
there is 70.2% of the dependent variable (travel time) in the forward direction as explained (accounted) by the
independent variables and 72.2% in the opposite direction. The result revealed that section length, pedestrian
economic activity and traffic volume were all significant at 5% level and has a positive relationship with travel
time in both forward and reverse direction. The model identifies the impact of these traffic parameters on travel
time and recommend measures for improvement.
Online Bus Arrival Time Prediction Using Hybrid Neural Network and Kalman fil...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Large cities in developing countries are characterized by growth in automobile ownership, insufficient
transportation infrastructure and service development. These cities often suffer from congestion, poor mobility
and accessibility, significant economic waste, adverse environmental impact and safety problems. This paper
focuses on identification of travel time characteristics and other traffic parameters and to develop a predictive
model for travel time on Akure major roads. Data on travel time were collected for vehicles during the morning
and evening peak periods using floating car technique. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS) and fitted into Multiple Regression model to establish a relationship between the
Travel Time and other road traffic parameters. Travel time (Tt) was modeled as a function of section length
(X1), number of intersections (X2), pedestrian/ economic activities (X3), Traffic volume (X4), enforcement
agency (X5) and road width (X6). The Coefficient of multiple determination R2 was 0.702 which means that
there is 70.2% of the dependent variable (travel time) in the forward direction as explained (accounted) by the
independent variables and 72.2% in the opposite direction. The result revealed that section length, pedestrian
economic activity and traffic volume were all significant at 5% level and has a positive relationship with travel
time in both forward and reverse direction. The model identifies the impact of these traffic parameters on travel
time and recommend measures for improvement.
Online Bus Arrival Time Prediction Using Hybrid Neural Network and Kalman fil...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Stakeholder analysis is component in a project design and implementation central to achievement of the goals and objectives for which projects are carried out. This study aimed at establishing the effect of stakeholder analysis on performance of road construction projects in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study was anchored on Stakeholder Theory. The study population comprised of 19338 individuals who included employees of the county working within the road sector, personnel within various road construction agencies, contractors and community beneficiaries of the project. Stratified random sampling was then used to group individuals into two homogenous groups, one working directly with the project and the other of beneficiaries. Proportionate random sampling technique was then employed to sample 103 respondents in the first group who included Managers (4), County government employees (29), KURA (6), KenHA (6), KERRA (13) and Contractors (45). Simple random sampling was adopted to select 377 respondents from the community. Data collection instruments were self-administered questionnaires for personnel working directly with the project. On the other hand research assistants facilitated focused group discussions to get views from the community stakeholders. Both descriptive and inferential statistics informed the data analysis and presentation. Descriptive statistics included; percentages, means, standard and deviation. Inferential statistics was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple ordinal regression equation analysis. Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23.0) software helped in data analysis. The study found out that stakeholder analysis had significant effect on performance of road construction projects (β3=0.203, P <0.05) on performance of road construction projects in Elgeyo Marakwet. The study recommends county Government should develop blueprints to guide road contractors in road project activities. Hence establish a favourable environment for implementations of road projects.
Applied research. Optimization of the Shuttle ServicesRAMON RIOS
Application of the queuing theory to find out the root causes of the long waiting times in the company X. The verification of the outcome was with promodel simulation software. Networking using the shortest route to optimize even better. Forecasting to predict increasing in the population and get our life cycle. Gantt chart to calculate the total days and to track the gantt chart for any delays.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
A presentation by SMART Infrastructure Facility Research Director Dr Pascal Perez to the International Symposium For Next Generation Infrastructure, Vienna, 30 September - 1 October 2014.
Public Transport Accessibility Index for Thiruvananthapuram Urban AreaIOSR Journals
Transportation planning is an important part in the development of a region. An effective transport
system and associated urban forms will improve the economic and social opportunities. Accessibility and
mobility are the two main parameters which contribute to the effective transportation system. In this paper, the
accessibility to the public transportation system is identified for the selected study area with the help of an
indexing system. The sub-area in the region was thus graded based on their accessibility and the obtained
values are found to resemble the real world.
Accessibility, indexing system, public transport system, transport planning
Modelling The Train Accidents At Railroad Crossings In East JavaIOSR Journals
The growing train movement and people activities around the railroad will increase the frequency of
traffic in railroad crossing. This potentially results in the increase in traffic accidents. The prediction of the
number of such accidents is influenced by some factors dealing with variables on sensory psychological
behaviors and the perception of the drivers passing the crossings. Observations were made at 33 points railroad
crossing with not guardrail in East Surabaya DAOP VIII. The responsive variables are determined by the
explaining variables namely the number of train accidents in railroad crossing. The explaining variables are
those determining the value of responsive variables, consisting of three factors namely train engineering
features, road engineering features and environment. The last Poisson regression model possesses four
determining variables significant with the number of accidents, that is the train speed, the distance of signs and
the railroad crossing, flashing lamps and the average daily traffic. The train speed seems to be a primary factor
contributing to the high level of accidents. The results of sensivity analysis show that if the train speed
increases of 50%, the number of accidents will increase 40%. Facilities that should be quickly provided are
among others: provision and installation of flashing lamps and EarlyWarning System (EWS).
Final Presentation of Sichuan University's Global Urban Development Program class, which worked in parallel to Stanford's SUS Project class in the 2015-16 academic year.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects - presented by MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2017. http://bit.ly/2re35Cs
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Stakeholder analysis is component in a project design and implementation central to achievement of the goals and objectives for which projects are carried out. This study aimed at establishing the effect of stakeholder analysis on performance of road construction projects in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study was anchored on Stakeholder Theory. The study population comprised of 19338 individuals who included employees of the county working within the road sector, personnel within various road construction agencies, contractors and community beneficiaries of the project. Stratified random sampling was then used to group individuals into two homogenous groups, one working directly with the project and the other of beneficiaries. Proportionate random sampling technique was then employed to sample 103 respondents in the first group who included Managers (4), County government employees (29), KURA (6), KenHA (6), KERRA (13) and Contractors (45). Simple random sampling was adopted to select 377 respondents from the community. Data collection instruments were self-administered questionnaires for personnel working directly with the project. On the other hand research assistants facilitated focused group discussions to get views from the community stakeholders. Both descriptive and inferential statistics informed the data analysis and presentation. Descriptive statistics included; percentages, means, standard and deviation. Inferential statistics was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple ordinal regression equation analysis. Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23.0) software helped in data analysis. The study found out that stakeholder analysis had significant effect on performance of road construction projects (β3=0.203, P <0.05) on performance of road construction projects in Elgeyo Marakwet. The study recommends county Government should develop blueprints to guide road contractors in road project activities. Hence establish a favourable environment for implementations of road projects.
Applied research. Optimization of the Shuttle ServicesRAMON RIOS
Application of the queuing theory to find out the root causes of the long waiting times in the company X. The verification of the outcome was with promodel simulation software. Networking using the shortest route to optimize even better. Forecasting to predict increasing in the population and get our life cycle. Gantt chart to calculate the total days and to track the gantt chart for any delays.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
A presentation by SMART Infrastructure Facility Research Director Dr Pascal Perez to the International Symposium For Next Generation Infrastructure, Vienna, 30 September - 1 October 2014.
Public Transport Accessibility Index for Thiruvananthapuram Urban AreaIOSR Journals
Transportation planning is an important part in the development of a region. An effective transport
system and associated urban forms will improve the economic and social opportunities. Accessibility and
mobility are the two main parameters which contribute to the effective transportation system. In this paper, the
accessibility to the public transportation system is identified for the selected study area with the help of an
indexing system. The sub-area in the region was thus graded based on their accessibility and the obtained
values are found to resemble the real world.
Accessibility, indexing system, public transport system, transport planning
Modelling The Train Accidents At Railroad Crossings In East JavaIOSR Journals
The growing train movement and people activities around the railroad will increase the frequency of
traffic in railroad crossing. This potentially results in the increase in traffic accidents. The prediction of the
number of such accidents is influenced by some factors dealing with variables on sensory psychological
behaviors and the perception of the drivers passing the crossings. Observations were made at 33 points railroad
crossing with not guardrail in East Surabaya DAOP VIII. The responsive variables are determined by the
explaining variables namely the number of train accidents in railroad crossing. The explaining variables are
those determining the value of responsive variables, consisting of three factors namely train engineering
features, road engineering features and environment. The last Poisson regression model possesses four
determining variables significant with the number of accidents, that is the train speed, the distance of signs and
the railroad crossing, flashing lamps and the average daily traffic. The train speed seems to be a primary factor
contributing to the high level of accidents. The results of sensivity analysis show that if the train speed
increases of 50%, the number of accidents will increase 40%. Facilities that should be quickly provided are
among others: provision and installation of flashing lamps and EarlyWarning System (EWS).
Final Presentation of Sichuan University's Global Urban Development Program class, which worked in parallel to Stanford's SUS Project class in the 2015-16 academic year.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects - presented by MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2017. http://bit.ly/2re35Cs
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Satisfaction with public transport: the case of an university accessIJERA Editor
This study presents the results of a diagnostic survey on the users satisfaction with the public transportation
system which enables access to a higher education institution (HEI), relating it to some socio-bio-demographic
characteristics. The research instrument, based on fuzzy logic, was answered by 184 randomly selected
passengers. The statistical analysis was performed with non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Man Whitney,
Friedman and Wilcoxon). The results for the level of satisfaction were considered reasonable and it was
identified that the factors ''terminal/stops'' and ''comfort/service for passengers'' were the worst evaluated. It was
also identified that the age of the passengers, travel time and distance from the terminal/stop to the
origin/destination are associated with the level of satisfaction.
O Centro de Excelência em BRT Across Latitudes and Cultures (ALC-BRT CoE) promoveu o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Workshop: Experiences and Challenges (Workshop BRT: Experiências e Desafios) dia 12/07/2013, no Rio de Janeiro. O curso foi organizado pela EMBARQ Brasil, com patrocínio da Fetranspor e da VREF (Volvo Research and Education Foundations).
This is to give an idea about the SPAD Transport Planning Syllabus. This may not be followed perfectly but this gives a good idea of whats taught in the institution.
The Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) Transportation Planning Program conducts research on travel surveys, travel behavior and related data collection methods to support travel models, policy, and air quality analyses. Program researchers have expertise in travel data collection methods and technologies; survey design and sampling, data analysis and interpretation; demographic data preparation for modeling; and corridor management and preservation.
Israel national inter urban traffic control study - stage C -1995Marcos Szeinuk
1995 study to characterize the needs and projects for a National Traffic Control System - in Hebrew
תכנית למערכת ניהול ובקרת תנועה בדרכים הבין עירוניות בישראל מ-1995 שנערך עבור מע"צ (היום נת"י)
Systemwide alternatives final report רה ארגון תחבורה ציבורית תל אביב חלופות מ...Marcos Szeinuk
Tel Aviv Bus Reorganization project 2003. System alternatives - final report
רהארגון של קווי התחבורה הציבורית במטרופולין תל אביב. חלופות מערכתיות דוח מסכם
Systemwide alternatives wp3 רה ארגון תחבורה ציבורית תל אביב חלופות מערכתיותMarcos Szeinuk
Tel Aviv Bus Reorganization project 2003. System alternatives - working paper #3 (in Hebrew)
רהארגון של קווי התחבורה הציבורית במטרופולין תל אביב. חלופות מערכתיות נייר עבודה מס' 3
Systemwide alternatives wp2 רה ארגון תחבורה ציבורית תל אביב חלופות מערכתיותMarcos Szeinuk
Tel Aviv Bus Reorganization project 2003. System alternatives - working paper #2 (in Hebrew)
רהארגון של קווי התחבורה הציבורית במטרופולין תל אביב. חלופות מערכתיות נייר עבודה מס' 2
Systemwide alternatives wp1 רה ארגון תחבורה ציבורית תל אביב חלופות מערכתיותMarcos Szeinuk
Tel Aviv Bus Reorganization project 2003. System alternatives - working paper #1 (in Hebrew)
רהארגון של קווי התחבורה הציבורית במטרופולין תל אביב. חלופות מערכתיות נייר עבודה מס' 1
population and employment supplementary forecasts executed in the Jerusalem Trasnport Masterplan in 1993
תחזיות אורבניות ירושלים עד 2010 במסגרת תכנית אב לתחבורה ירושלים - חלק 2
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
2. התחבורה משרד
תחבורתי תכנון אגףהיבשה במנהל
תחבורה תכנון עבודות לצורך הנדרשים הנתונים הגדרת
לאיסופם סקרים מערך ותכנון בישראל
דושלב מסכם "ח:'גהסקרים מערכת אפיון
יולי2005
:התכנון צוות
( בע"מ גלית פרלשטיןPGL)מיכל ,סיינוק מרכוס :
מילר
בטכניון התחבורה לחקר המכון,פרשקר יוסף 'פרופ :
בכור שלמה ד"ר ,שיפטן יורם 'פרופ
פוקס קמיל 'פרופ
ישראלי חזי ד"ר
:ההיגוי ועדת יו"ר
ראש ,אמיר רותינתיבי בחברת ציבורית תחבורה מינהל
איילון
:התחבורה משרד מטעם והנחיה הפרויקט ריכוז
איילון נתיבי בחברת ציבורית תחבורה מינהל ,כהן רונן
:הפרויקט של מקצועי ליווי צוות
גרא בר הלל ד"ר ,גור יהודה ד"ר ,סלומון אילן 'פרופ
פדון עמליה ,בירוטקר יהושוע
Ministry of Transport
Planning Department, Land Transport Authority
Definition of the Data Requirements for
Transportation Planning and The Surveys for Data
Collection
Stage C Report: Characterisation of the Survey
System
July 2005
Study Team:
Perlstein Galit Ltd. (PGL): Marcos Szeinuk, Michal
Miller
Transportation Research Institute, Technion: Prof.
Joseph Prashker, Prof. Yoram Shiftan, Dr. Shlomo
Bekhor
Prof. Camil Fuchs
Dr. Hezi Israeli
Chairman of Steering committee:
Ruti Amir, Head of Public Transportation Division,
Ayalon Highways co.
Coordination and guidance from the Ministry of
Transport:
Ronen Cohen, Public Transportation Division,
Ayalon Highways co.
Professional Review:
Prof. Ilan Salomon, Dr. Yehuda Gur, Dr. Hillel
Bar-guera Yehoshua Birotker, Amalia Padon
26. The Ministry Of Transport
Transport Planning Department
Definition of the Data Requirements for Transportation
Planning and The Surveys for Data Collection
Working Paper B-1
Trends in Transportation Planning,
Travel Demand Modeling Needs
and their Implication for Data Collection
Prepared by:
Dr. Yoram Shiftan
Technion Transportation Research Institute
March 2004
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RReesseeaarrcchh IInnssttiittuuttee
In association with:
DDrr.. HHeezzii IIssrraaeellii PPrrooff CCaammiill FFuucchhss –– TTeell AAvviivv UUnniivveerrssiittyy
DDeellccaann IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall PPrrooff.. HHaarrrryy TTiimmmmeerrmmaannss ––
EEiinnddhhoovveenn UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff TTeecchhnnoollooggyy
27. i
Summary
The purpose of this working paper is to consider:
• What are the likely policy and appraisal needs of modeling and forecasting
in Israel over the next 20 years? For this purpose we discuss the planning
and policy trends that will need to be evaluated and additional issues
regarding appraisal that have implications on travel demand modeling
needs.
• What are the implications of these needs on travel demand models? And
what are the main current trends in travel demand modeling in responses to
these requirements?
• What are the implications of the new development in travel demand models
on data needs?
Through the discussion some distinction is made for different time scale in these
development. Roughly speaking, short range refers to the next 5 years, medium range
refers to the next 5-10 years, and long range refers to the next 10-20 years. However, the
development over the next 20 years can be quite significant, and any development in this
range has a lot of uncertainty.
The focus of various transportation planning needs is expected to change in the near future
with some implication on modeling and data needs. The main issues are:
• The need to design auto restrain policies (such as congestion pricing and
parking regulation).
• Increase use of Information communication technologies (ICT).
• New planning needs for freight and commercial vehicles.
• New Requirements for Appraisal and Decision. Growing concern regarding air
quality and the need to better evaluate air quality consequences of
transportation projects and policies will require as input more and better output
from travel demand modeling including issues such as cold starts vs. hot starts,
and driving profile. Growing concern regarding equity issues will also require
providing output by various socio-economic groups.
These trends have some implications on the requirement from new modeling practices.
These needs represent current efforts to improve travel demand modeling around the
world. The main trends include:
• A need for a national model.
• An integrated approach considering all modes of travel and inter-modal travel.
The need to include walking and cycling as travel modes, and special focus on
park and drive
28. ii
• An integrated approach dealing with the mutual effects of transportation and
land use.
• Inclusion of all travel behavior variables that policy makers are trying to
influence like time of day, trip chaining, telecommuting, and auto ownership.
• The ability to estimate travelers response to a wide range of potential policy
measures including auto restrain policing, various pricing strategies, land use
policies, policies toward cycling and walking, flexible hours, and others.
• The ability to estimate the choice between telecommunication and travel and
estimate behavioral responses to information.
• The ability to estimate changes in travel behavior in response to changes in life
cycle, location and other external factors.
• More dynamic modeling dealing with variation of demand during the day and
along time.
• The need to forecast gradual changes in the transport system rather than simply
predict a future end state.
• Increased feedback between demand and supply.
• Output of more variables that together form travel behavior and are important
for emission and air quality analysis including. Output will have to be provided
by socio-economic groups to be able to deal with equity issues.
• Output will have to be provided at greater level of spatial and temporal details.
• Inclusion of more variables that explain travel behavior like comfort, reliability,
information.
• Improved information on freight due to the contributions of heavy-duty vehicles
to NOx emissions.
• The political pressure for openness and for public participation will require the
models to be more transparent.
• Need to analyze weekend travel and not only weekday travel.
Based on these requirements it is expected that the following core elements will be
included in any improved travel demand-modeling framework:
• A system of disaggregate activity-based or tour-based travel demand models
• Use of household sample enumeration and micro simulation techniques.
• Use of traffic micro simulation as a replacement for the assignment
• Improved data collection.
29. iii
• Improved use of Geographic Information System (GIS)
Micro simulation is an attractive and promising technique, and is being incorporated into
both activity models and traffic models. Some move toward “rule-based” approach is
expected and this is well adapted into micro simulation. As computational power and
speed will continue to improve, this will allow more dynamic modeling, wider use of
micro simulation, and better estimation techniques.
The main implications of the various trends, planning needs and modeling improvements
on the required data are as follow:
• For better activity based modeling there will be a need to collect more data on
patterns of activities rather than simply patterns of travel.
• Growing need to collect more details including the segmentation of travel by
trip purpose, traveler type (socio-economic) and other dimensions. There will
also be a need to develop a finer zone system and to collect information about
car ownership by type (e.g. diesel/unleaded), model and year. More details will
also be required on various modes’ characteristics such as the reliability of the
service, chance of getting a seat and also quality of data such as comfort. Data
will also be required on non-motorized modes including walking and cycling.
• More supply and various explanatory data will be needed. Improve modeling of
the supply of public transportation and other modes such as taxis and sherut.
The supply of parking is especially important but also quite complex. There is
also a need for more data on explanatory factors such as: institutional context
including opening hours, legal issues and policies; spatial environment
including location, land use, and attractiveness. Finally, a more complicated
validation needs will also required more data, such as more traffic counts,
segmentation by vehicle type, and license plate surveys combined with
questionnaires.
• Stated-preference will continue to be an important element of data collection.
There should be a move toward combining the collection of travel diary
information with stated preference exercises, probably using computer-aided
interviewing methods throughout. There should also be increase use of
combined stated-preference and revealed-preference data.
• There should be efforts to collect and document before and after data,
specifically with relation to new policies that are going to be implemented, so
the growing experience can help design further policies and be used by other
regions.
• There will be an increasing use of new technologies including GIS, GPS, and
use of cellular phones. There will also be increasing use of computer-aided and
web-based interviewing methods.
• Emphasis should be given on good documentation of data, their electronic
storage and transferability.