Large cities in developing countries are characterized by growth in automobile ownership, insufficient
transportation infrastructure and service development. These cities often suffer from congestion, poor mobility
and accessibility, significant economic waste, adverse environmental impact and safety problems. This paper
focuses on identification of travel time characteristics and other traffic parameters and to develop a predictive
model for travel time on Akure major roads. Data on travel time were collected for vehicles during the morning
and evening peak periods using floating car technique. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS) and fitted into Multiple Regression model to establish a relationship between the
Travel Time and other road traffic parameters. Travel time (Tt) was modeled as a function of section length
(X1), number of intersections (X2), pedestrian/ economic activities (X3), Traffic volume (X4), enforcement
agency (X5) and road width (X6). The Coefficient of multiple determination R2 was 0.702 which means that
there is 70.2% of the dependent variable (travel time) in the forward direction as explained (accounted) by the
independent variables and 72.2% in the opposite direction. The result revealed that section length, pedestrian
economic activity and traffic volume were all significant at 5% level and has a positive relationship with travel
time in both forward and reverse direction. The model identifies the impact of these traffic parameters on travel
time and recommend measures for improvement.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Public Transport Accessibility Index for Thiruvananthapuram Urban AreaIOSR Journals
Transportation planning is an important part in the development of a region. An effective transport
system and associated urban forms will improve the economic and social opportunities. Accessibility and
mobility are the two main parameters which contribute to the effective transportation system. In this paper, the
accessibility to the public transportation system is identified for the selected study area with the help of an
indexing system. The sub-area in the region was thus graded based on their accessibility and the obtained
values are found to resemble the real world.
Accessibility, indexing system, public transport system, transport planning
“Mode choice between Roadway and Waterway ... • Roadway and waterway are plays an important role in our country’s society and economy as well as in our multi-modal transportation system. Its low expenses and high accessibility, as compared with other alternatives, amplifies a great demand
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
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civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Determination of congestion charge for car users in cbd area of thiruvanantha...eSAT Journals
Abstract Congestion is a situation in which demand for road space exceeds supply and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, higher transportation costs and increased vehicular queuing. Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, is the second largest and most populous city in the state.The roads and neighbourhoods of the city experiences more chronic congestion and serious crashes than ever before due to higher share of personalized transport and para-transit modes in traffic stream. The present study conducted in Central Business District (CBD) area of Thiruvananthapuram city. The periods of peak congestion in Thiruvananthapuram now last for 4 hours from 8.00 to 10.00 in the morning and from 4.00 to 6.00 in the evening. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the congestion level experienced on major road corridors of the city and to determine congestion charge for car users in Mahatma Gandhi Road, which is the most congested road corridor of Thiruvanathapuram city. The method used for the determination of optimal pricing is related to the point of pricing where the external costs are met by the revenue generated by the pricing level. Keywords: Congestion pricing, External costs of congestion, Travel time, Demand elasticity.
There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation
system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable
transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making
methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of
transportation system is missing at present. Hence it is required to develop the
framework for assessment of sustainability in terms of performance measures
considering the prefixed goals for the purpose of planning. As a part of Multi Criteria
Decision Making process, the Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology is
adopted as the most suitable method. In this paper the sustainability index evaluation
is based on combination of individual performance measures is carried out using Multi
Attribute Utility Technique based methodology for emerging metropolitan city of
Nagpur. The results obtained can be conveniently used in sustainability evaluation
process for any corridor. It can also be utilized for comparing the results obtained
through the sustainability evaluation for different scenarios.
Planning for Metro Transit Transportation System a simplified Approach: A Cas...IJAEMSJORNAL
Currently Muscat the capital city of Oman is suffering from many traffic and transported related problems. Some of the serious concerns are high vehicle ownerships, low occupancy in personalized vehicles and poor patronization towards public transportation systems. Ruwi is the City center and a major Central Business District in Muscat. More than one million commuters daily visit Ruwi City center for their day to day business. The common transportation related problems often reported by the citizens at Ruwi CBD, are traffic congestion, over speeding of vehicles, inadequacy of parking places and pedestrian safety. All such problems can be eliminated by providing efficient public transportation system by restricting the entry of personal vehicles and para transit. In this technical paper, panning and designing of public transit facility by metro transport facility is attempted by capturing land use and travel information of daily commuters at Ruwi CBD area. An extensive literature review is carried for establishing the bench marking while planning metro transit system. For this the CBD area is cordoned and divided into traffic analysis zones based on the land use characteristics. Travel information of the commuter is estimated through interviewing them at the CBD entry gateway points and work locations. Land use characteristics are captured through reconnaissance of the area and random inspection of land parcels. Land use Information captured through the Google images and physical verification of data of the selected sample land parcels helped in estimation and characterization of the land use. Questionnaire survey at the activity centers helped in estimation of total trips attracted by the land uses. Travel characteristics, derived through the personal interviews of the commuters, facilitated for the estimation of total trips. Trip factors for different land uses are derived. Total trips generated are quantified and is used in planning of Metro Transit facility at the Ruwi city center. Commuter circulation pattern for the metro transit is also scheduled. Also it is proposed to carry extensive literature for establishing bench mark while planning the transit system.
Traffic studies of urban mid block section a case study of pragatinagar to ak...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A Raster b...Beniamino Murgante
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A
Raster based Approach
Morten Fuglsang, - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus
University and Aalborg University Copenhagen
Henning Sten Hansen - Aalborg University Copenhagen
Bernd Münier - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University
Impact of Different Types of Land Use on Transportation System of Dhaka City ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Land use distribution and transportation both are very important issue for Dhaka city in recent period. To relate these two issues with each other is also a very effective job but a difficult one indeed. This study intends to find out the impact of different land use changes on the transportation system of Dhaka city. One of the most important roads of Dhaka city, Mirpur Road has been taken to understand and to analyze for this study. This study will help to take significant decisions and generate proper policies in transportation sector. It will also contribute to the attempts of combining land use planning and transportation planning. By assessing the land use change impact on transportation system, traffic management, congestion control and improvement of road network will be possible to make
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Traffic Stream Relationships of Two-Lane Highways: A Case of Akure-Ondo Road ...IJAEMSJORNAL
In the design and planning process of highway infrastructure, speed-flow-density relationships are useful tools for predicting the roadway capacity, determining adequate level-of-service of traffic flow and travel time for a given roadway. The speed-flow-density relationships currently used for transportation studies in Nigeria is derived from the Highway Capacity Manual, which does not reflect the true traffic situation on two-lane roads in Nigeria. Developing cost effective tools for describing these relationships in the context of a developing country like Nigeria is imperative. The aim of this study was to develop models to describe the relationship between traffic flow, speed and density on Akure-Ondo two-lane highway in southwest Nigeria. Moving observer technique was employed to collect traffic stream data over a stretch of 5km on the study segment during periods of uniform flow on weekdays. To describe the traffic stream relationships, two approaches namely: related and nonrelated traffic stream models were developed. The nonrelated traffic stream models gave inaccurate relationships while the related traffic stream modelling approach performed well at describing speed-flow, flow-density and flow-speed relationships with R2 values 0.62, 0.75, and 0.80 respectively. The relationships developed from related traffic stream models estimated maximum flow on the study segment as 330 veh/h at an optimum density of 4.44 veh/km. The speed at maximum flow was estimated as 74.5km/h, while the free flow speed was estimated as 149.027km/h.
Public Transport Accessibility Index for Thiruvananthapuram Urban AreaIOSR Journals
Transportation planning is an important part in the development of a region. An effective transport
system and associated urban forms will improve the economic and social opportunities. Accessibility and
mobility are the two main parameters which contribute to the effective transportation system. In this paper, the
accessibility to the public transportation system is identified for the selected study area with the help of an
indexing system. The sub-area in the region was thus graded based on their accessibility and the obtained
values are found to resemble the real world.
Accessibility, indexing system, public transport system, transport planning
“Mode choice between Roadway and Waterway ... • Roadway and waterway are plays an important role in our country’s society and economy as well as in our multi-modal transportation system. Its low expenses and high accessibility, as compared with other alternatives, amplifies a great demand
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Determination of congestion charge for car users in cbd area of thiruvanantha...eSAT Journals
Abstract Congestion is a situation in which demand for road space exceeds supply and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, higher transportation costs and increased vehicular queuing. Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, is the second largest and most populous city in the state.The roads and neighbourhoods of the city experiences more chronic congestion and serious crashes than ever before due to higher share of personalized transport and para-transit modes in traffic stream. The present study conducted in Central Business District (CBD) area of Thiruvananthapuram city. The periods of peak congestion in Thiruvananthapuram now last for 4 hours from 8.00 to 10.00 in the morning and from 4.00 to 6.00 in the evening. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the congestion level experienced on major road corridors of the city and to determine congestion charge for car users in Mahatma Gandhi Road, which is the most congested road corridor of Thiruvanathapuram city. The method used for the determination of optimal pricing is related to the point of pricing where the external costs are met by the revenue generated by the pricing level. Keywords: Congestion pricing, External costs of congestion, Travel time, Demand elasticity.
There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation
system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable
transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making
methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of
transportation system is missing at present. Hence it is required to develop the
framework for assessment of sustainability in terms of performance measures
considering the prefixed goals for the purpose of planning. As a part of Multi Criteria
Decision Making process, the Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology is
adopted as the most suitable method. In this paper the sustainability index evaluation
is based on combination of individual performance measures is carried out using Multi
Attribute Utility Technique based methodology for emerging metropolitan city of
Nagpur. The results obtained can be conveniently used in sustainability evaluation
process for any corridor. It can also be utilized for comparing the results obtained
through the sustainability evaluation for different scenarios.
Planning for Metro Transit Transportation System a simplified Approach: A Cas...IJAEMSJORNAL
Currently Muscat the capital city of Oman is suffering from many traffic and transported related problems. Some of the serious concerns are high vehicle ownerships, low occupancy in personalized vehicles and poor patronization towards public transportation systems. Ruwi is the City center and a major Central Business District in Muscat. More than one million commuters daily visit Ruwi City center for their day to day business. The common transportation related problems often reported by the citizens at Ruwi CBD, are traffic congestion, over speeding of vehicles, inadequacy of parking places and pedestrian safety. All such problems can be eliminated by providing efficient public transportation system by restricting the entry of personal vehicles and para transit. In this technical paper, panning and designing of public transit facility by metro transport facility is attempted by capturing land use and travel information of daily commuters at Ruwi CBD area. An extensive literature review is carried for establishing the bench marking while planning metro transit system. For this the CBD area is cordoned and divided into traffic analysis zones based on the land use characteristics. Travel information of the commuter is estimated through interviewing them at the CBD entry gateway points and work locations. Land use characteristics are captured through reconnaissance of the area and random inspection of land parcels. Land use Information captured through the Google images and physical verification of data of the selected sample land parcels helped in estimation and characterization of the land use. Questionnaire survey at the activity centers helped in estimation of total trips attracted by the land uses. Travel characteristics, derived through the personal interviews of the commuters, facilitated for the estimation of total trips. Trip factors for different land uses are derived. Total trips generated are quantified and is used in planning of Metro Transit facility at the Ruwi city center. Commuter circulation pattern for the metro transit is also scheduled. Also it is proposed to carry extensive literature for establishing bench mark while planning the transit system.
Traffic studies of urban mid block section a case study of pragatinagar to ak...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A Raster b...Beniamino Murgante
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A
Raster based Approach
Morten Fuglsang, - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus
University and Aalborg University Copenhagen
Henning Sten Hansen - Aalborg University Copenhagen
Bernd Münier - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University
Impact of Different Types of Land Use on Transportation System of Dhaka City ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Land use distribution and transportation both are very important issue for Dhaka city in recent period. To relate these two issues with each other is also a very effective job but a difficult one indeed. This study intends to find out the impact of different land use changes on the transportation system of Dhaka city. One of the most important roads of Dhaka city, Mirpur Road has been taken to understand and to analyze for this study. This study will help to take significant decisions and generate proper policies in transportation sector. It will also contribute to the attempts of combining land use planning and transportation planning. By assessing the land use change impact on transportation system, traffic management, congestion control and improvement of road network will be possible to make
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Traffic Stream Relationships of Two-Lane Highways: A Case of Akure-Ondo Road ...IJAEMSJORNAL
In the design and planning process of highway infrastructure, speed-flow-density relationships are useful tools for predicting the roadway capacity, determining adequate level-of-service of traffic flow and travel time for a given roadway. The speed-flow-density relationships currently used for transportation studies in Nigeria is derived from the Highway Capacity Manual, which does not reflect the true traffic situation on two-lane roads in Nigeria. Developing cost effective tools for describing these relationships in the context of a developing country like Nigeria is imperative. The aim of this study was to develop models to describe the relationship between traffic flow, speed and density on Akure-Ondo two-lane highway in southwest Nigeria. Moving observer technique was employed to collect traffic stream data over a stretch of 5km on the study segment during periods of uniform flow on weekdays. To describe the traffic stream relationships, two approaches namely: related and nonrelated traffic stream models were developed. The nonrelated traffic stream models gave inaccurate relationships while the related traffic stream modelling approach performed well at describing speed-flow, flow-density and flow-speed relationships with R2 values 0.62, 0.75, and 0.80 respectively. The relationships developed from related traffic stream models estimated maximum flow on the study segment as 330 veh/h at an optimum density of 4.44 veh/km. The speed at maximum flow was estimated as 74.5km/h, while the free flow speed was estimated as 149.027km/h.
Online Bus Arrival Time Prediction Using Hybrid Neural Network and Kalman fil...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Identification of Factors to Improve Public Transit Services (A Case Study of...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research presents studies on a segment of highway to determine the quantitative factors that inuence transit services. Travel time and delay study is one of the method to determine quantitative factors. Tour time is described as the average period of time required to journey from one region to some other. Total departure time consists of gadgets which include total working time, places and general delay time. The examine section was done in Prithvi chowk to Tal chowk of Prithvi Highway which is turned to be 12.5 km long.
Additionally, it has been found that the principle variables affecting travel time are: postpone time because of forestall selecting and choosing up passengers, bus model and bus size.32 trips public transport carrier and a 10 trips non-public automobile journey have been held during peak hours. Models are developed the use of SPSS software to become aware of the relationship between the causes of delays and the overall-time delays. Travel time and learning delays can help reduce the number of private vehicles operating and increase the number of public vehicles in order to reduce congestion and improve the e efficiency of the public transport system. It turned into determined that there was a full-size distinction in tour time among the use of the public transit services and the car.
DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR USING MOBILE CLOUD COMPU...IAEME Publication
Literature review revealed application of various techniques for efficient use of existing resources in road transport sector vehicles, operators and related facilities. This issue assumes bigger dimensions in situations where there are multiple routes and the demand in the routes is highly fluctuating over the day. The application of the existing techniques as reported in literature addresses above issues to a considerable extent. However the main draw back in existing techniques is lack of
proper uninterrupted information about vehicles and demand available at a central place for allocation of vehicles in different roads and huge computational times required for processing. Cloud computing is a recently developed processing tool that is used in effective utilization of resources in transport sector under dynamic resource allocation.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance of Urban Transit in JordanIJERA Editor
Urban public transit has essential and active role for sustainable and balanced socio-economic and
environmental development. This study investigated the performance of urban public transit services in three
major cities in Jordan, including Amman, Irbid, and Zarqa. Accessibility, mobility, productivity, punctuality,
waiting time and comfort of public transit were investigated in the study. Data were obtained from Land
Transport RegulatoryCommission of Jordan, municipalities, and field surveys.
The accessibility was found to be relatively low in Irbid and Amman city. Also, the results indicated that the
mobility and waiting time for public transit were found to be marginally comparable with that in developed
countries. In contrast, the productivity of public transit was very high compared with the productivity of transit
in developed countries. However, one-quarter of users’ rated the comfort inside public transit as poor. Thus,
enhancement of public transit service and introduction of new modes of transport are necessary to ease the
existed urban congestion levels
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
1. Proceedings of NBRRI International Conf. on Sustainable Development Goals & Nigerian Construction Industry, JUNE, 2018
1
Predictive Modeling of Travel Time
on Major Roads in Akure, Nigeria.
Ajayi S.A., Quadri H.A. and Sani R.O.
Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, Nigeria
Corresponding Author: samuel.temitope@ymail.com
Abstract
Large cities in developing countries are characterized by growth in automobile ownership, insufficient
transportation infrastructure and service development. These cities often suffer from congestion, poor mobility
and accessibility, significant economic waste, adverse environmental impact and safety problems. This paper
focuses on identification of travel time characteristics and other traffic parameters and to develop a predictive
model for travel time on Akure major roads. Data on travel time were collected for vehicles during the morning
and evening peak periods using floating car technique. The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences (SPSS) and fitted into Multiple Regression model to establish a relationship between the
Travel Time and other road traffic parameters. Travel time (Tt) was modeled as a function of section length
(X1), number of intersections (X2), pedestrian/ economic activities (X3), Traffic volume (X4), enforcement
agency (X5) and road width (X6). The Coefficient of multiple determination R2
was 0.702 which means that
there is 70.2% of the dependent variable (travel time) in the forward direction as explained (accounted) by the
independent variables and 72.2% in the opposite direction. The result revealed that section length, pedestrian
economic activity and traffic volume were all significant at 5% level and has a positive relationship with travel
time in both forward and reverse direction. The model identifies the impact of these traffic parameters on travel
time and recommend measures for improvement.
Keywords: Congestion, Floating car technique, Travel Time, Traffic Parameters, Regression model.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
High traffic demand and limited road capacities, growth in automobile ownership, insufficient transportation
infrastructure and service development make people spend much more time on their daily journeys. Fast and
reliable movement of people and goods is one of the key functions of the Arterial and Sub-Arterial roads in
urban areas (Yang, 2005). Traffic pressure owing to the significant growth in vehicle population on such roads
in most of the metropolitan cities, particularly in developing countries, has reached alarming proportion due
to increased economic activities resulting in a longer and unreliable travel time. Travel time is affected by
various attributes besides traffic and physical characteristics of corridors (Lin et al., 2005). Pedestrian
encroachments and haphazard road side parking are further adding to the congestion level. Travel time
variation and longer travel time not only add to the anxiety and stress of the commuters but also result in waste
of productive time (Ravi Shekhar et al., 2012).
Travel time as defined by Kadiyali (2008) is the total elapsed time (in seconds) spent driving a specified
distance. Vehicles travelling on the urban road are subjected to intersection delays due to queues and traffic
control and mid-link delay caused by turning vehicles from cross streets, bus maneuvers at bus stops, parking
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vehicles along the roadside, crossing pedestrians and cyclists, etc. Travel time studies are used to document
congestion and measure the efficiency of a highway. Determining the amount of time required to travel from
one point to another on a given route requires a travel time study. Information may also be collected on the
locations, duration and causes of delays in conducting such study. When this is done, the study is known as a
travel time and delay study.
Data used to estimate the travel time on road networks come in two varieties, one being fixed sensors on the
sides of the road such as magnetometer detectors or highway cameras. The second method is floating car.
Jones et al. (2013) studied the problem of predicting travel times for links (road segments) using floating car
technique. Floating car data is from actual vehicles driving around the Kanagawa prefecture in Japan with a
GPS-based car navigation system. From this data a set of trip segments covering a particular link that consists
of the start date and time of the trip segment over the link and the time to traverse the link (the travel time)
were extracted. This is the raw data used to train a travel time predictor for a link. He recommended the floating
car technique as an effective method for collection of accurate travel time.
Wang et al. (2016) recognizes that lane width and numbers of traffic stream have significant impact on travel
time along with traffic volume. Impact of signalized system on travel time has been dealt by Liu et al. (2005)
in their study travel time prediction in Adelaide, Australia. They found that travel time is considerably affected
by signal system. Other factors that can be considered are certain events such as accidents, processions, repair
work and weather conditions as part of non-recurring conditions.
Krishna et al (2018) on their study of travel time estimation under heterogeneous traffic with dominance of
2Ws (Two wheelers) and 3Ws (Auto rickshaw) developed an appropriate Corridor Travel Time Estimation
Model using Multi-Linear Regression (MLR) approach and focused on travel time attributes such as
heterogeneous traffic, road side friction and corridor intersections for recurrent traffic condition They
concluded that certain mitigation strategies can be considered on the basis of present study to improve the travel
time on urban corridors by controlling the travel impedances: restriction on heavy vehicles, access control at
intersection of high intersection factor, regulating parking and pedestrians with provision of necessary facilities.
Travel time distribution and variability pattern which is essential for reliable route choices and sophisticated
traffic management and control was explored by Peng et al (2018). In this study, based on a vast amount of
probe vehicle data, 200 links inside the Third Ring Road of Beijing, China, were investigated, the day-of-week
distributions of unit distance travel time were first analyzed and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, and
chi-squared test were employed to test the goodness-of-fit of different distributions and the results showed
lognormal distribution was best-fitted for different time periods and road types compared with normal, gamma,
and Weibull distribution. They deduced that in daytime the travel times on auxiliary roads of urban
expressways and major roads share similar variability patterns and appear relatively stable and reliable, while
urban expressways have most reliable travel times at night.
Owolabi and Makinde (2010) in their work on traffic delay study at unsignalised intersections in central
business district in Akure collected traffic data at intersections legs through a semi-automatic method using
radio recorder during the peak periods for each intersection. Delays experienced at each intersections approach
were determined and compared with those obtained by Kimber/Hollis and Tanner’s equations. The comparism
of delays obtained by models with the observed delays revealed that the Kimber/Hollis equation better
replicates the data on delays than Tanners model because Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.61
respectively were obtained. The estimated delays ranged from 1 to 55 seconds at the three intersections
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considered. They recommended that economic activities around the intersections and indiscriminate parking
of vehicles should be discouraged.
Using the test vehicle approach method of obtaining travel time, Oyedepo (2003) compared the results with
the obtained traffic volume for those routes. He deduced that the delays were not as a result of over capacity
for the selected routes. Rather he found the cause to be due to poor traffic management measures and poor
highway geometry.
Owolabi and Ojuri (2004) worked on Akure Central business district to analyse traffic volume and revealed
the cause of parking problem. This study revealed that increased volume of traffic, ribbon development /street
trading, improper structural layout/land use pattern; within the Central Business District are factors responsible
for this problem. From the result of the data collected and the analysis of traffic volume, spot speed and the
number of weekly trips per capita for the CBD, the solution to the parking problem have been recommended.
This includes provision of adequate off-street parking facilities, abolition of all unauthorized terminals,
adjustment of the structural layout /land use in the CBD and the provision of an inner ring road around the
Akure CBD.
Many research workers have attempted to build travel time estimation models using various techniques such
as analytical method, time series method, soft computing and simulation technique. Skabardonis and
Geroliminis (2008) developed travel time estimation model based on kinematic wave theory using loop
detectors data as well as signal system. Bhaskar et al. (2007) has also used analytical method for travel time
estimation based on cumulative plots using stop-line loop detector and signal controller data. Travel time
modelling has been reported by Yang (2005) using time series data with GPS test vehicle technique. Khoei et
al. (2013) have developed travel time prediction on signalized urban arte- rials by applying Seasonal Auto
Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) modelling on Bluetooth data.
Keeping this in view, an urban traffic routes has been considered to probe into the major travel time attributes
for recurrent congestion conditions, so as to develop a predictive travel time estimation model employing
Multi-Linear Regression analysis (MLR). The model finds application in urban transportation planning and
traffic management apart from assessment of corridor traffic performance.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Reconnaissance and Mapping
The field work began with a reconnaissance survey of the road to enable decisions making as to the extent and
the nature of the actual traffic surveys to be conducted and the choice of roads to be considered. The routes
were selected based on the criticality to traffic in the metropolis and are used daily by road users as they were
major dual carriageway that connects to other feeder roads. These routes were segmented for easy data
collection and geometric characteristics such as road width and length were taken with the aid of a measuring
tape. The segmentation is shown in Table 1 while figures 1 to 3 are detailed maps on the studied routes. The
detailed map on each routes were obtained through the Google Earth Mapping System.
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Table 1: Selected Routes Details
Sections Routes Distance (m)
RA1 Road Block to Lafe bus stop 2560
RA2 Lafe bus-stop to Cathedral bus-stop 2200
RA3 Cathedral bus stop to Okelisa bus-stop 1620
RA4 Okelisa bus-stop to Fiwasaye junction 2000
RA5 Fiwasaye junction to NTA Oba Ile 4020
RB1 Fiwasaye junction to NTA Oba Ile 3080
RB2 Ondo Garage to Isikan market 2020
RB3 Isikan market to NEPA junction 1920
RB4 NEPA junction to Owena motel 2100
RC1 Owena motel to INEC office 1800
RC2 FUTA north gate to Road block 3580
RC3 Road block to Federal housing estate 3220
RC4 Federal housing estate to Fed Govt 3980
RD1 Girls College, Fed Govt 1960
RD2 Girls College to Airport 1300
RD3 Arakale to Fadaka junction 1820
Figure 1: Google map showing routes between ondo garage to INEC office Akure.
LEGEND
Other routes
Studied
routes
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Figure 2: Google map showing routes between FUTA North gate to Airport to Oke Aro road Akure.
Figure 3: Google map showing routes between Road block to NTA oba ile road Akure.
LEGEND
LEGEND Studied
roiroutesOthers
Studied
roiroutes
Others
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3.2 Travel Time Collection:
Travel time data were collected using the floating car techniques. This techniques reqires a recorder, an
observer, two stopwatches, data collection forms, Akure road network map and a test vehicle. The driver was
instructed to safely float with the traffic situation by overtaking about the same number of vehicles that
overtook him. This helped the test car to maintain an average position enabling measurement of average speeds
and travel time. The recorder started the stopwatch as the driver passed the beginning of each section and
recorded the cumulative elapsed time at the end of each section on the field sheet. This process was followed
through the entire data collection until the time at the final section was recorded. Several runs were made on
the same route for a period of six days i.e. Monday to Saturday and travel time were collected in minutes. The
data was similarly collected on the reverse direction of traffic. This is better illustrated in figure 4.
Ne: -Opposing traffic volume
Figure 4: the floating car technique
Ne: -Opposing traffic volume
Ow: - traffic overtaking the test car
Pw: - traffic overtaken by the test car
Te: - total travel time in minutes in forward dir.
Tw: - total travel time in minutes in reverse dir.
3.3 Other Traffic and Road Parameters:
On each section of the roads selected, information on number of intersections, pedestrian/economic activities
and availability law enforcement agency/instrument were also collected. Traffic volume count was collected
using Cine camera in both directions on the roads for the morning, afternoon and evening peak periods. Data
from the camera were then decoded and transferred into recording sheets. The traffic volume were obtained in
veh/hr and were between 7-9am, 12-2pm and 4-6pm for morning, afternoon and evening respectively on
weekdays (Mon – Fri); 9-11am, 12-2pm on Saturdays;7:30-9:30am and 12-2pm on Sundays.
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3.4 Analysis of Data
The data was analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and fitted into Multiple
Regression model to establish a relationship between the travel time and other road traffic parameters. The
travel time in the model was expressed as the function of all other parameters. The coefficient of determination
(R) was estimated to know the percentage of relationship between the dependent and independent variables.
The model is specified as:
Y= a0 + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + ………… + bnXn + ei ………………………(1)
where
a0 = Constant
Xi ………Xn = Explanatory variable
bi ……… bn = parameters to be estimated (i= 1, 2, 3, ………n)
ei = Error term or disturbance term
Y = Travel time (Dependent variable)
X1= Section length
X2= Number of intersections
X3= Pedestrian/Economic activity
X4= Traffic volume
X5= Law Enforcement agency
X6= Road width
It was calibrated by the method of least squares.
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Table 2 shows the field results which include the link length, traffic volume in veh/hr, number of intersections,
travel time in min, pedestrian economic activity and law enforcement agency in the forward direction on each
route. Table 3 shows the regression analysis results for each parameter where the coefficient of determination
was derived. The presence and absence of pedestrian/economic activity are value as 1 and 0 respectively on
each road sections as shown in Table 2. This also was applied for law enforcement/agency characteristics.
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where
Tt= Travel time in minute
e= Error term
X1……X6= are the independent variables as stated in the table above
S: Section Length(X1), N:Number of Intersections(X2), P: Pedestrian/Economic Activity(X3), T:Traffic
Volume(X4), Le:Law Enforcement Agency(X5), W:Road Width(X6).
The Coefficient of multiple determination R2
= 0.702 which means that 70.2% of the dependent variable (travel
time) in the forward direction is explained by independent variables and that 29.8% is explained by other
variables not included in the model or captured by the field work which were referred to as error term. The
result revealed that section length, pedestrian economic activity and traffic volume were all significant at 5%
level of significance and has a positive relationship with travel time. The positive relationship between the
significant variables and travel time implies that as section length, pedestrian economic activity and traffic
volume were increasing, travel time also increases. For instance, areas where economic activities are prevalent
reduce the free flow of traffic thereby increase the travel time especially at Oja Oba areas. Oba Adesida and
Arakale roads.
Table 4 shows the field parameters at the reverse direction while Table shows the regression analysis results.
Table 4: INPUT DATA FOR THE MODEL (Reverse Direction of Traffic)
Section Link
Length
“L” (M)
Pedestrian
Economic
Activity
’Pe”
Traffic
Volume
Veh/Hr.
Road
Width
(M)
Law
Enforcement
Agency “E”
Number
Of
Intersecti
ons
Travel
Time “T”
(Min)
RA1 2560 0 1530 18.8 1 4 4.27
RA2 2200 1 2115 18.8 1 3 3.39
RA3 1620 1 2283 18.8 1 6 5.00
RA4 2000 0 1430 18.8 1 3 2.47
RA5 4020 0 1057 7.0 0 2 10.33
RB1 3080 1 1828 18.8 1 3 4.47
RB2 2020 1 1638 14.6 1 12 10.03
RB3 1920 0 1250 14.6 1 3 4.45
RB4 2100 0 955 7.3 0 3 2.70
RC1 1800 1 874 7.3 1 1 3.52
RC2 3580 0 653 7.3 0 2 7.47
RC3 3220 0 840 7.3 1 1 4.03
RC4 3980 0 560 7.3 0 1 6.44
RD1 1960 1 865 7.3 1 6 4.39
RD2 1300 1 685 7.3 1 2 5.08
RD3 1820 0 502 7.3 0 1 4.51
TOTAL 7 11 53
The coefficient of multiple determination R2
= 0.722 which implies that there is 72.2% of the dependent
variable (travel time) in the opposite direction is explained by the independent variables and that only 27.8%
is explained by other variables not included in the model or captured by the field work which are referred to
as error.
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Table 5: Regression Analysis (Reverse Direction)
Variables Coefficients T-Value
Constant 4.452
(5.233)
0.851
Section Length(X1) 0.02
(0.001)
2.711*
Number of Intersections(X2) 0.507
(0.208)
2.441*
Pedestrian/Economic Activity(X3) 0.756
(1.187)
0.637
Traffic Volume(X4) 0.0031
(0.001)
3.156*
Law Enforcement Agency(X5) -1.347
(1.241)
-1.085
Road Width(X6) -0.502
(0.680)
-0.738
R2
=72.2%
S.E=1.60395
F- Value=3.890
( ) = standard error
* = significant at 5%
The regression model for the reverse direction is given as;
Tt= 4.452 + 0.02 S+ 0.507 N+ 0.756 P+ 0.0031 T- 1.347 Le- 0.502 W+ e………………… (3)
where
Tt= Travel time in minute
e= Error term
X1……X6= are the independent variables as stated in the table above
S: Section Length(X1), N:Number of Intersections(X2), P: Pedestrian/Economic Activity(X3), T:Traffic
Volume(X4), Le:Law Enforcement Agency(X5), W:Road Width(X6).
Table 6 and 7 shows the correlation coefficient of the Travel time.
Table 6: Correlation Coefficients (Forward direction)
Pearson Correlation Effects on
Travel Time
Link Length 0.490
Pedestrian / Economic Activity 0.140
Traffic Volume 0.170
Road Width -0.040
Traffic control -0.181
Number of Intersections 0.283
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This shows the relationship between independent variables and the travel time. The variables such as road
length, pedestrian/ economic activity, traffic volume and number in intersection with positive value show that
as the variable increases, travel time also increases. The variables such as road width and traffic control with
negative values show that as the parameter increases travel time decreases. For instance, when the traffic
control wardens are monitoring the traffic conflict at the intersections, the travel time to transverse that route
will tend to reduce. That means it has negative relationship with travel time as observed from the correlation
results.
Table 7: Correlation Coefficients (Reverse Direction)
Pearson Correlation Effects on Travel Time
Link Length 0.475
Pedestrian/Economic activity -0.013
Traffic Volume 0.081
Road Width -0.224
Traffic control -0.340
Number of Intersections 0.381
4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The study identified congestion location the causative factors, develop a model to predict travel time with other
traffic conditions. Traffic parameters such as traffic volume (T), route length (L), and number of intersections
(N) made significant contributions in predicting the Travel time (Tt. ). However, both Road width (W) and
Traffic control (Le) made a negative impact on the model. This model provide accurate predictions of Travel
time on major roads. This agrees with the work of Krishna Saw et al (2018) even though this study did not
consider the effect of traffic composition such as motorcycles, passenger cars, buses, trucks, lorries etc on the
travel time characteristics. The generalized equations can be used to evaluate Travel time and used for planning
and design of effective control of traffic congestion in the study area and in other cities with similar traffic
characteristics.
The following recommendations are made based on the results;
a) The level of enforcement must be improved with respect to parking, stopping restrictions and traffic
control e.g. fixed time signals.
b) A review of land use and zoning ordinance should be done with a view to minimizing journey to work.
c) The State Government should encourage the use of reliable mass transit buses to travel especially on
Oba Adesida and Oke-Aro routes. This will also reduce the number of vehicles on the roads which will
decrease the traffic volume which has a positive relationship with the Travel Time.
d) Travel time studies should be done more for the measurement of performance of road networks.
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