Special equipments are available to manufacture the 3D transformer wound core with complete technical support. Both plane wound core and 3D wound core can be realized.
http://youtu.be/ndyUy-MqVAo
POLLUTION TEST OF NATURALLY AND ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED INSULATORSPower System Operation
This document provides a summary of the working group report on pollution testing of naturally and artificially contaminated insulators. It discusses the objective to develop standardized rapid test methods to evaluate the flashover performance of insulators removed from service. The report examines choosing insulators for testing based on field measurements and laboratory analysis. It proposes procedures for the Rapid Flashover test and Quick Flashover salt fog test to assess the condition of naturally contaminated insulators. The document concludes with recommendations for optimal performance testing of naturally polluted insulators.
Design of Three Phase 11000/433 V And 100 KVA TransformerSanjoy Biswas
This document discusses the design of a three-phase 11000/433 V, 100 KVA distribution transformer. It provides an overview of transformer components and design procedures. The design procedure involves selecting the core material as M4 grade with 0.97 stacking factor and 0.27 mm lamination thickness. It aims to optimize design parameters like active part cost, losses, impedance, and tank volume using genetic algorithm techniques. Statistical analysis is carried out to compare results with conventional methods.
The Cooper Bussmann guide "A Simple Approach to Short-Circuit Calculations" is available as a download below. The guide provides excellent information on :
* Short-Circuit Calculations
* Interrupting Rating, Interrupting Capacity & Short-Circuit Currents
* Short-Circuit Current Calculations, Procedures & Methods using Ohmic Method, Per-Unit Method, TRON Procedure, Point-to-Point Method and data sections on Transformers, Current Transformers, Disconnecting Switches, Circuit Breakers and Busway Impedance.
This document discusses the design of core type and shell type transformers. It begins by classifying transformers based on their construction as either core type or shell type. It then compares the two types and outlines their relative advantages and disadvantages. Core type transformers are simpler to construct but have poorer mechanical strength, while shell type transformers can better withstand short circuits. The document also provides the output equations for single phase and three phase transformers of both core type and shell type construction. It discusses design considerations such as core and winding dimensions, current density, and resistance and reactance calculations.
Transformers can be classified based on their core construction and shape. There are two main types: core type transformers, which wrap windings around the outer core limbs, and shell type transformers, which use inner core limbs. Windings are further classified as cylindrical, helical, disc-helical, crossover, or continuous disc windings depending on their shape. Proper winding selection depends on factors like voltage rating, current rating, and mechanical or impulse strength requirements. Transformers also require careful insulation between windings and cores to prevent shorts.
This document contains design calculations for a single-phase distribution transformer. It specifies design parameters such as a rated output of 50 kVA, primary voltage of 13800V, secondary voltage of 460/230V, and an efficiency of at least 0.96 at full load. The document then shows calculations for transformer components like winding dimensions and currents, core size, flux density, losses, and temperature rise. Design goals are to have losses lower than specified guarantees and a temperature rise under 55°C at full load.
This document is a design report for an electrical system submitted by Arnab Nandi to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It includes objectives, assumptions, and descriptions for designing a 200kVA distribution transformer with 6.6kV primary voltage and 440V secondary voltage. The report provides calculations for the core design, winding design, tank design, electrical parameters, and efficiency. A data sheet is also included.
POLLUTION TEST OF NATURALLY AND ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED INSULATORSPower System Operation
This document provides a summary of the working group report on pollution testing of naturally and artificially contaminated insulators. It discusses the objective to develop standardized rapid test methods to evaluate the flashover performance of insulators removed from service. The report examines choosing insulators for testing based on field measurements and laboratory analysis. It proposes procedures for the Rapid Flashover test and Quick Flashover salt fog test to assess the condition of naturally contaminated insulators. The document concludes with recommendations for optimal performance testing of naturally polluted insulators.
Design of Three Phase 11000/433 V And 100 KVA TransformerSanjoy Biswas
This document discusses the design of a three-phase 11000/433 V, 100 KVA distribution transformer. It provides an overview of transformer components and design procedures. The design procedure involves selecting the core material as M4 grade with 0.97 stacking factor and 0.27 mm lamination thickness. It aims to optimize design parameters like active part cost, losses, impedance, and tank volume using genetic algorithm techniques. Statistical analysis is carried out to compare results with conventional methods.
The Cooper Bussmann guide "A Simple Approach to Short-Circuit Calculations" is available as a download below. The guide provides excellent information on :
* Short-Circuit Calculations
* Interrupting Rating, Interrupting Capacity & Short-Circuit Currents
* Short-Circuit Current Calculations, Procedures & Methods using Ohmic Method, Per-Unit Method, TRON Procedure, Point-to-Point Method and data sections on Transformers, Current Transformers, Disconnecting Switches, Circuit Breakers and Busway Impedance.
This document discusses the design of core type and shell type transformers. It begins by classifying transformers based on their construction as either core type or shell type. It then compares the two types and outlines their relative advantages and disadvantages. Core type transformers are simpler to construct but have poorer mechanical strength, while shell type transformers can better withstand short circuits. The document also provides the output equations for single phase and three phase transformers of both core type and shell type construction. It discusses design considerations such as core and winding dimensions, current density, and resistance and reactance calculations.
Transformers can be classified based on their core construction and shape. There are two main types: core type transformers, which wrap windings around the outer core limbs, and shell type transformers, which use inner core limbs. Windings are further classified as cylindrical, helical, disc-helical, crossover, or continuous disc windings depending on their shape. Proper winding selection depends on factors like voltage rating, current rating, and mechanical or impulse strength requirements. Transformers also require careful insulation between windings and cores to prevent shorts.
This document contains design calculations for a single-phase distribution transformer. It specifies design parameters such as a rated output of 50 kVA, primary voltage of 13800V, secondary voltage of 460/230V, and an efficiency of at least 0.96 at full load. The document then shows calculations for transformer components like winding dimensions and currents, core size, flux density, losses, and temperature rise. Design goals are to have losses lower than specified guarantees and a temperature rise under 55°C at full load.
This document is a design report for an electrical system submitted by Arnab Nandi to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It includes objectives, assumptions, and descriptions for designing a 200kVA distribution transformer with 6.6kV primary voltage and 440V secondary voltage. The report provides calculations for the core design, winding design, tank design, electrical parameters, and efficiency. A data sheet is also included.
Distribution transformers are used to reduce high primary voltages to lower utilization voltages for consumers. They come in various types including pole mounted, pad mounted, and underground transformers. Losses in distribution transformers include core losses from hysteresis and eddy currents, as well as copper losses from winding resistance. Efficiency is calculated based on total energy delivered over 24 hours rather than power ratio at full load, since distribution transformers rarely operate at full load. A breather uses silica gel to absorb moisture from transformer air and maintain a low dew point.
Construction of three phase induction motorDr.Raja R
This document discusses the construction of three phase induction motors. It describes that induction motors have a stationary stator and a rotating rotor. The stator contains windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when powered by a three phase supply. There are two main types of rotors - squirrel cage and wound/slip ring. Squirrel cage rotors have aluminum or copper bars shorted by end rings, making their construction simple and robust. Wound rotors have windings and slip rings to allow adding external resistance for starting. The document provides details on the construction of stators, rotors, and operating principles of both types of three phase induction motors.
Design of shunt active power filter to mitigate harmonicsager alswed
The designed three phase SAPF based on instantaneous p-q theory was simulated in MATLAB /SIMULINK by using different load conditions i.e. R-L load, suddenly connected R-L load, and additional unbalance R load. Its application was successfully proved and the validity achieved by minimizing the harmonics and improving PF as summarized in Table 2. Consequently, the supply current is almost pure sinusoidal. THD observed was fund to be within the prescribed limits of 5% as recommended by IEEE-519 standard.
This document presents the design of a 55 KVA, 6.6 KV/433 V, 3 phase core type distribution transformer. It includes calculations for the core, winding, and overall dimensions based on design parameters. Core materials, conductor sizes, and insulation thicknesses are selected. Resistance, reactance, regulation and losses are calculated. The transformer is designed to have an efficiency of 97.4% at full load and unity power factor.
This document summarizes the design of a 150 KVA, 11KV/0.415KV distribution transformer with the following key details:
1. The core has a cross-sectional area of 24.82 cm2 with a diameter of 211mm. The flux density in the core is 1.0T and in the yoke is 0.833T.
2. The low voltage winding uses a cylindrical design with 44 turns per phase and a current density of 1.98A/mm2.
3. The high voltage winding uses a crossover design with 2121 total turns to provide a 5% tapping. It has a maximum inter-layer voltage of 143V.
4. The overall
The document discusses short circuit currents and testing of transformers to withstand short circuits. It defines short circuits and short circuit current, and differentiates short circuits from overloads. Symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit currents are calculated. Short circuit tests are done on distribution and power transformers to demonstrate their ability to withstand thermal and dynamic effects of short circuits without damage. The document outlines test procedures, current calculations, and setup for short circuit testing in the lab.
S. Karthick was born in 1991 in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu, India. He completed a Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2010 and a Bachelor's degree in the same field in 2013 from IFET College of Engineering in Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. He is currently working as an Electrical Engineer in Kuwait at Kharafi National. His areas of interest include power electronics, power systems, computer networks, and electrical machines. He has published two articles in national journals.
Main equipment in the power plant is Generator. It's cost is much higher than any other equipment so we will have to protect the generator from all the possible faults and errors.
This is the presentation I gave during my seventh semester of Electrical Engineering course at NIT Durgapur. It is here for you guys. Make life easier. Cheers! For more information mail me: sdey.enteract@gmail.com
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
Presentation on 132/33KV BSPTCL(Bodhgaya Substation)Rahul Prajapati
The document provides information about the 132/33kV Bodhgaya substation in Bihar, India. It discusses key components of the substation including three transformers ranging from 50-160 MVA, lightning arrestors, current and potential transformers, circuit breakers using oil, air, SF6 and vacuum technologies, isolators, capacitor banks, fuses, and bus couplers connecting generators and feeders to main and spare bus bars. The substation is part of the transmission network operated by Bihar State Power Transmission Company Limited.
The document provides information on transformer design specifications and considerations. It discusses technical specifications for a 500KVA, 3 phase transformer including input/output voltages and power ratings. It also covers initial calculations, losses in transformers, core materials and construction, winding design, insulation, cooling methods, and connection configurations. The goal is to design a transformer that efficiently transfers power while meeting specifications for voltage, current, temperature rise and other factors.
Three phase transformers have three sets of primary and secondary windings that can be connected in either a star or delta configuration. The vector group of a transformer indicates the phase difference between the primary and secondary windings, which is important when connecting multiple transformers in parallel. Vector groups use letters and numbers to denote the winding configuration and phase displacement between windings. Zigzag transformers contain six coils on three cores and can cancel certain harmonic currents.
The document describes a dissertation submitted for a Master of Technology degree. It investigates the optimal placement and sizing of multiple distributed generation units in distribution systems using different load models. A particle swarm optimization technique is used to determine the optimal locations and sizes of distributed generation resources while considering various technical factors. The proposed algorithm is tested on a 38-bus radial distribution system. The dissertation aims to address optimal distributed generation planning with different load modeling approaches.
This document provides a 24 step process for designing a 250 VA, 250 Watt isolation transformer with specifications including 230 V input and output voltages, 95% efficiency, and 1.6 T flux density. Key details include:
1) Total power is calculated to be 513.16 Watts accounting for losses.
2) Core geometry is calculated to be 18.04 cm^5 and the closest lamination is EI-150.
3) Primary and secondary winding properties like number of turns and copper losses are calculated based on the specifications.
4) Total copper loss is calculated to be 8.747 Watts and voltage regulation is 3.5%, meeting the specified 5% maximum.
HVDC Bridge and Station Configurations
1. General HVDC – HVAC Comparisons
2. Components of a Converter Bridge
3. HVDC scheme configurations
Operation of the HVDC converter
1. General assumptions
2. Rectifier operation with uncontrolled valves and X = 0
3. Rectifier operation with controlled valves and X = 0
4. Rectifier operation with controlled valves and X 0
5. Inverter operation with controlled valves and X 0
6. Commutation and Commutation Failure
7. Reactive Power Requirements
8. Short-circuit capacity requirements for an HVDC terminal.
9. Harmonics and filtering on the AC and DC sides
Reactive Power : Problems and SolutionsAbhinav Dubey
Reactive power supplies stored energy in reactive elements and must be supplied to magnetic equipment like motors and transformers. Problems with reactive power include excess heat from reactive current, inaccurate utility billing that doesn't account for reactive power, and potential equipment issues if not properly handled. Solutions include fixed capacitors/inductors to produce or limit reactive power, static VAR compensators to provide reactive power on transmission networks using automated impedance matching, and static compensators using synchronous voltage sources to generate or absorb reactive power.
Special equipments such as slitting machine, core winding machine and coil winding machine are available to manufacture the 3D transformer wound core with complete technical support. Both plane wound core and 3D wound core can be realized. baituer@gmail.com
Distribution transformers are used to reduce high primary voltages to lower utilization voltages for consumers. They come in various types including pole mounted, pad mounted, and underground transformers. Losses in distribution transformers include core losses from hysteresis and eddy currents, as well as copper losses from winding resistance. Efficiency is calculated based on total energy delivered over 24 hours rather than power ratio at full load, since distribution transformers rarely operate at full load. A breather uses silica gel to absorb moisture from transformer air and maintain a low dew point.
Construction of three phase induction motorDr.Raja R
This document discusses the construction of three phase induction motors. It describes that induction motors have a stationary stator and a rotating rotor. The stator contains windings that produce a rotating magnetic field when powered by a three phase supply. There are two main types of rotors - squirrel cage and wound/slip ring. Squirrel cage rotors have aluminum or copper bars shorted by end rings, making their construction simple and robust. Wound rotors have windings and slip rings to allow adding external resistance for starting. The document provides details on the construction of stators, rotors, and operating principles of both types of three phase induction motors.
Design of shunt active power filter to mitigate harmonicsager alswed
The designed three phase SAPF based on instantaneous p-q theory was simulated in MATLAB /SIMULINK by using different load conditions i.e. R-L load, suddenly connected R-L load, and additional unbalance R load. Its application was successfully proved and the validity achieved by minimizing the harmonics and improving PF as summarized in Table 2. Consequently, the supply current is almost pure sinusoidal. THD observed was fund to be within the prescribed limits of 5% as recommended by IEEE-519 standard.
This document presents the design of a 55 KVA, 6.6 KV/433 V, 3 phase core type distribution transformer. It includes calculations for the core, winding, and overall dimensions based on design parameters. Core materials, conductor sizes, and insulation thicknesses are selected. Resistance, reactance, regulation and losses are calculated. The transformer is designed to have an efficiency of 97.4% at full load and unity power factor.
This document summarizes the design of a 150 KVA, 11KV/0.415KV distribution transformer with the following key details:
1. The core has a cross-sectional area of 24.82 cm2 with a diameter of 211mm. The flux density in the core is 1.0T and in the yoke is 0.833T.
2. The low voltage winding uses a cylindrical design with 44 turns per phase and a current density of 1.98A/mm2.
3. The high voltage winding uses a crossover design with 2121 total turns to provide a 5% tapping. It has a maximum inter-layer voltage of 143V.
4. The overall
The document discusses short circuit currents and testing of transformers to withstand short circuits. It defines short circuits and short circuit current, and differentiates short circuits from overloads. Symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit currents are calculated. Short circuit tests are done on distribution and power transformers to demonstrate their ability to withstand thermal and dynamic effects of short circuits without damage. The document outlines test procedures, current calculations, and setup for short circuit testing in the lab.
S. Karthick was born in 1991 in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu, India. He completed a Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2010 and a Bachelor's degree in the same field in 2013 from IFET College of Engineering in Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. He is currently working as an Electrical Engineer in Kuwait at Kharafi National. His areas of interest include power electronics, power systems, computer networks, and electrical machines. He has published two articles in national journals.
Main equipment in the power plant is Generator. It's cost is much higher than any other equipment so we will have to protect the generator from all the possible faults and errors.
This is the presentation I gave during my seventh semester of Electrical Engineering course at NIT Durgapur. It is here for you guys. Make life easier. Cheers! For more information mail me: sdey.enteract@gmail.com
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
Presentation on 132/33KV BSPTCL(Bodhgaya Substation)Rahul Prajapati
The document provides information about the 132/33kV Bodhgaya substation in Bihar, India. It discusses key components of the substation including three transformers ranging from 50-160 MVA, lightning arrestors, current and potential transformers, circuit breakers using oil, air, SF6 and vacuum technologies, isolators, capacitor banks, fuses, and bus couplers connecting generators and feeders to main and spare bus bars. The substation is part of the transmission network operated by Bihar State Power Transmission Company Limited.
The document provides information on transformer design specifications and considerations. It discusses technical specifications for a 500KVA, 3 phase transformer including input/output voltages and power ratings. It also covers initial calculations, losses in transformers, core materials and construction, winding design, insulation, cooling methods, and connection configurations. The goal is to design a transformer that efficiently transfers power while meeting specifications for voltage, current, temperature rise and other factors.
Three phase transformers have three sets of primary and secondary windings that can be connected in either a star or delta configuration. The vector group of a transformer indicates the phase difference between the primary and secondary windings, which is important when connecting multiple transformers in parallel. Vector groups use letters and numbers to denote the winding configuration and phase displacement between windings. Zigzag transformers contain six coils on three cores and can cancel certain harmonic currents.
The document describes a dissertation submitted for a Master of Technology degree. It investigates the optimal placement and sizing of multiple distributed generation units in distribution systems using different load models. A particle swarm optimization technique is used to determine the optimal locations and sizes of distributed generation resources while considering various technical factors. The proposed algorithm is tested on a 38-bus radial distribution system. The dissertation aims to address optimal distributed generation planning with different load modeling approaches.
This document provides a 24 step process for designing a 250 VA, 250 Watt isolation transformer with specifications including 230 V input and output voltages, 95% efficiency, and 1.6 T flux density. Key details include:
1) Total power is calculated to be 513.16 Watts accounting for losses.
2) Core geometry is calculated to be 18.04 cm^5 and the closest lamination is EI-150.
3) Primary and secondary winding properties like number of turns and copper losses are calculated based on the specifications.
4) Total copper loss is calculated to be 8.747 Watts and voltage regulation is 3.5%, meeting the specified 5% maximum.
HVDC Bridge and Station Configurations
1. General HVDC – HVAC Comparisons
2. Components of a Converter Bridge
3. HVDC scheme configurations
Operation of the HVDC converter
1. General assumptions
2. Rectifier operation with uncontrolled valves and X = 0
3. Rectifier operation with controlled valves and X = 0
4. Rectifier operation with controlled valves and X 0
5. Inverter operation with controlled valves and X 0
6. Commutation and Commutation Failure
7. Reactive Power Requirements
8. Short-circuit capacity requirements for an HVDC terminal.
9. Harmonics and filtering on the AC and DC sides
Reactive Power : Problems and SolutionsAbhinav Dubey
Reactive power supplies stored energy in reactive elements and must be supplied to magnetic equipment like motors and transformers. Problems with reactive power include excess heat from reactive current, inaccurate utility billing that doesn't account for reactive power, and potential equipment issues if not properly handled. Solutions include fixed capacitors/inductors to produce or limit reactive power, static VAR compensators to provide reactive power on transmission networks using automated impedance matching, and static compensators using synchronous voltage sources to generate or absorb reactive power.
Special equipments such as slitting machine, core winding machine and coil winding machine are available to manufacture the 3D transformer wound core with complete technical support. Both plane wound core and 3D wound core can be realized. baituer@gmail.com
The document describes the key steps in manufacturing a transformer, including the design of the core, low voltage and high voltage windings, assembly, and testing. The core is made of silicon steel or amorphous metal sheets and wound with copper or aluminum. The low and high voltage windings are wound on pressboard and connected in star and delta configurations respectively. Once assembled, the core and windings are placed in an oil-filled tank with additional equipment and tested for insulation, voltage, no-load power, temperature, and double voltage double frequency performance.
This document provides a six-month training summary on power transformers by Srajan bharti. It describes the key parts of a transformer including the tank, bushings, fins, fans, conservator tank, ground terminal, and gauges. The main components are then explained in more detail: the magnetic core, windings, insulation, insulating oil, expansion tank, temperature gauge, oil gauge, Buchholz relay, and breather. Transformers are also classified based on duty, construction, voltage, application, cooling, and input supply. Equations for transformer emf and ratios are provided. Ideal and practical transformer operation is outlined including no-load and load conditions. Open circuit, short circuit, and impedance
This document discusses testing of transformers. It provides an overview of transformers and their functions in transmission and distribution of electrical energy. It then describes various routine, type, and special tests performed on transformers, including winding resistance measurement, voltage ratio measurement, no-load loss measurement, load loss measurement, insulation resistance measurement, and dielectric tests. It also discusses short-circuit testing procedures and criteria. Temperature rise testing and its limits are also summarized.
Top 52 mep engineer interview questions and answers pdfkeyjonh724
This document provides an overview of an ebook containing 52 interview questions and answers for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) engineers. It also includes tips for preparing for an MEP engineer interview. Additional online resources are listed that contain helpful job interview materials, including sample interview questions and answers, tips for different types of interviews, and ways to make yourself a strong candidate. Specific common interview questions are then outlined, such as telling about your background and experience, where you see yourself in the future, weaknesses, strengths, reasons for leaving previous jobs, qualifications for the role, accomplishments, goals for the first 90 days, salary expectations, and closing questions for the interviewer.
This document summarizes the construction of distribution transformers manufactured by CG Power Systems. It describes the core, which is made of silicon steel sheets cut at 45 degrees and stacked in an overlap pattern to minimize losses. It also describes the windings, which include copper or aluminum foil for the low voltage winding and layered insulated conductors for the high voltage winding. The core and windings are assembled to form the active part, which is then connected to bushings and may include an off-circuit tap changer to adjust the output voltage.
The document provides information on the construction and operation of a three phase induction motor. It discusses the main components of the stator and rotor. The stator contains windings and is made of laminated steel, while the rotor can be either a squirrel cage or wound type. When the stator is energized with AC voltage, it produces a rotating magnetic field that induces currents in the rotor. The interaction between these currents and the stator field produces torque that causes the rotor to rotate. The document also examines various design considerations for the motor such as the choice of specific magnetic and electric loadings, dimensions, winding configuration and core construction.
Single phase induction motor Design.pptxFaisalSheraz4
This document provides information on the construction and design of a three phase induction motor. It discusses the main components of the stator and rotor, including the laminated steel cores, windings, and squirrel cage construction. Design considerations covered include the selection of specific magnetic and electric loadings to determine dimensions, number of slots, tooth width, and air gap length. Equations are provided for calculating motor ratings and dimensions based on power, voltage, and other specifications.
1. The document discusses synchronous machines, including their construction, types of prime movers, and excitation systems. It describes salient pole and cylindrical rotors, as well as different winding configurations like distributed, integral slot, and fractional windings.
2. Hydro turbines and diesel engines typically drive synchronous machines with salient pole rotors, while steam turbines drive higher speed machines with cylindrical rotors. Excitation systems can be DC, static using thyristors, or brushless.
3. The document provides an overview of synchronous machines and their components.
The document provides information about permanent magnet DC motors and brushless DC motors. It discusses the construction, working principle, and applications of permanent magnet DC motors. It then describes the construction of brushless DC motors including the stator, rotor, position sensors. It explains the working of trapezoidal and sinusoidal brushless DC motors. Trapezoidal BLDC motors have trapezoidal back-EMF and current waveforms for smooth torque production, while sinusoidal BLDC motors have sinusoidal waveforms.
Dimensional and Constructional Details of Components, Fundamentals of TNM Met...IJERA Editor
For the improvement in thermal design of squirrel cage induction (SCIM) motor, it is essential to know details
of the methods for evaluation of thermal distribution in a SCIM motor. A presentation of various details of
methods of basics of heat transfer that occur in a SCIM motor is done in this report. SCIM motors have wide
applications and thus their construction is completely influenced by the starting characteristics specified by the
operating loads. General constraints of a motor and specification of 30 KW motor are presented in this report as
a case study of constraints. As the next step the Thermal Network Method (TNM) has been explained.
This document provides details about the design, manufacturing, and testing processes for power transformers. It discusses:
1) The design process, which begins with designing the core and windings based on specifications. Calculations are checked using computer programs.
2) Short circuit strength considerations, including calculating radial and axial forces on windings from leakage flux, and ensuring windings can withstand these forces.
3) Manufacturing of cores from grain-oriented steel, and winding manufacturing steps like paper wrapping conductors and different winding types.
4) Testing includes short circuit testing to prove designs can withstand forces, and ABB has extensively tested transformers.
The document describes the design of an axial flux permanent magnet generator. It includes specifications for electrical and mechanical components. Key points:
1) An axial flux design was selected for its simplicity and efficiency over a radial design. It uses a stationary stator and rotating rotor with magnets.
2) Electrical specifications include selecting neodymium magnets, 9 coils in a star configuration to produce 3-phase power, and calculations to achieve a 60V 3-phase output at 750 RPM.
3) Mechanically, aluminum, steel, and plastics are used. Alignment is critical and achieved via a casing connecting the upper and lower rotors with male-female features and bolts. Total mass is estimated at
Design of stator & rotor for Wound Induction MotorParth Patel
The document provides details on the design of stator and rotor slots for a 3-phase wound-rotor induction motor. It discusses the construction of the motor including the stator core and winding, wound rotor with slip rings, and end shields. For stator design, it describes slot types, selection of number of slots, conductor cross-section, slot area and size, length of mean turn and resistance calculation. For rotor design, it discusses air gap length, number of rotor slots selection to avoid crawling and cogging, end ring current, design of wound rotor including number of turns and rotor current calculation. It provides an example design problem for a 30kW squirrel cage induction motor and asks to design a suitable rotor
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details about the document:
The document is an industrial training report submitted by two students, Niladri Paul and Pritam Samanta, on their 30 day training program at Automatic Electro Gear, a leading manufacturer of power and distribution transformers in India. The report includes sections on transformer components, design, manufacturing process, and technical parameters. It provides an overview of the students' learning during their internship at the transformer manufacturing company.
The Determination of Effects of Primary and Secondary Geometry of Tubular Lin...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, general information on the construction of tubular generators are given. Also, the numeric analyses were conducted by using 2D and 3D finite elements software. The output power, iron loss and cogging force change were compared by sensing the primary and secondary structural geometry of generator. Instead of the annular magnets, the magnets in the form of block were used mobile (secondary) part of generator. Also, analyses were conducted on the generator for two primary geometries.
The trend in the motor applications is to reduce weight and volume by increasing the efficiency. Because of the advantage of high efficiency and high density, interest in brushless DC motors and drives is increasing. Unlike DC motors, the brushless DC (BLDC) motors require inverter circuit and position detector. In this paper, we deal with the optimization of the BLDC motor, the inverter, and the position detector. The inverter is optimized to be mounted on the BLDC motor. This paper deals primarily with the design and implementation aspects of the BLDC motor and the integrated drive circuit. Experimental results for the prototype of the BLDC motor with integrated dirve circuit in the laboratory are presented to validate the feasibility.
This paper discusses about winding arrangement of fractional slot of a new type hollow rotor Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor. Hollow rotor has higher performance compared to other BLDC motor because it minimizes the unused flux below permanent magnet and maximize torque produce by the motor. It’s also known that 8 pole motor is favorite used in industrial because it has an optimum space of permanent magnet for a smaller motor size. The number of pole will affect the maximum speed of the rotor. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate the best winding arrangement for 8 pole of hollow rotor that could produce the highest electromagnetic performance. At starts, four combinations of slot number and coil sizes had been selected. Structural comparison in term of coil vector and winding arrangement is studied. Finite Element Method (FEM) had been used to simulate the parameters such as backemf and torque waveforms. It was convinced that 9 slot 8 pole with 0.6 size of coil produces the best performance. The confirmed model had been fabricated and measured. Both results from FEM and measurement are compared in term of backemf and torque where percentage differences are 7.4 % and 8 %, respectively. As conclusion, this research shows the fundamental of winding arrangement of fractional slot of motor especially 8 pole motor.
This document describes the design of a 1 kW DC motor. It discusses the design of key components including the stator, rotor, field windings, and armature windings. The stator components designed include the yoke, pole shoes, pole cores, and field windings. The rotor or armature design includes the armature, armature winding housed in slots, and commutator. Parameters used in the design such as number of poles, turns in the field winding, and materials like copper and cast iron are also described. Performance metrics like maximum motor speed and generated torque are calculated based on the design parameters.
The document discusses the development of a vertically focusing combined function dipole magnet for the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) Upgrade project. A 30 cm prototype of the magnet was constructed and tested. Key points:
1) CHESS-U aims to increase photon flux and beam quality with new compact magnets, including a 2.3m combined function dipole with vertical focusing.
2) Testing of a 30cm prototype validated the magnet design and assembly process before construction of final magnets.
3) Measurements of the prototype showed good agreement with design specifications and field quality requirements for the CHESS-U project.
A DC generator converts mechanical energy to DC electrical energy using electromagnetic induction. It has two main parts - a rotor that rotates within a stator. As the rotor cuts the magnetic field in the stator, an alternating voltage is induced in the rotor windings. A commutator is used to convert the alternating voltage to direct voltage that can be used to power loads. The characteristics of a DC generator include its open circuit characteristic showing the relationship between generated voltage and field current, and its external characteristic showing the relationship between terminal voltage and load current.
Forming Process Rolling.pptx_20230922_194250_0000.pdfsahils237192101
This document discusses various aspects of rolling processes including types of rolling mills, terminology used in rolling, products produced by rolling, and defects that can occur. It describes different types of rolling mills like two-high, three-high, four-high mills and their uses. Key terms like bloom, billet, slab are defined. Processes like thread rolling and seamless tube production are summarized. Effects of front and back tension on rolling are stated briefly. Common defects in rolled products and their causes are listed.
This project report summarizes the manufacturing of transformers at TBEA Energy (India) Pvt. Ltd. TBEA manufactures various transformer components in India including power transformers, reactors, bushings, and CTs. The report describes the main components of transformers including the core, coils, insulating materials, and tank. It also explains the construction of the core using laminated steel and the classification of transformers based on core construction. Finally, it discusses some common transformer accessories like bushings, pressure relief devices, temperature gauges, and tap changers.
The document describes the development of a frugal manufacturing process for white canes used by visually impaired people. Three processes were evaluated: die-necking, split die crimping, and tube spinning. Tube spinning, using a customized roller tool with a radius of 6.5mm and mandrel for support, produced results similar to commercially available canes. Further refinements based on user feedback led to prototype canes with advantages over commercial versions. The aim is to standardize the tube spinning process plan detailing materials, tools, operations, and quality measures.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
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Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
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In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
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HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
2. Definition (GB25438-2010)
1. Terms and definition
Terms and definition in GB 1094.1, GB/T 2900.15 and below are
applied in this standard.
2. Three dimensional wound core
Core combined by three single wound core frames with the same
size to form a 3D triangle.
3. Distribution transformer with 3D wound core
Distribution transformer with magnetic circuit of 3D wound core
3. Structural analysis and evolution of core
Innovation of core structure
In traditional lamination stacked core with air gap, coupled magnetic
circuit of A-C phase is 1/2 longer than that of A-B and B-C, so the magnetic
circuit is not balance, reluctance of A-C phase is bigger. (See figure 1)
When three-phase voltage is applied to the transformer, three-phase
balanced flux ΦA, φB and φC are generated on the core. When three-
phase balanced flux goes through unbalanced magnetic circuit, magnetic
pressure on phase A and C is big, which affects three-phase voltage
balance. Imbalance on the magnetic loop is a structural defect which
cannot be overcome for transformer with plane core.
Fig. 1 Structure of plane core
4. Plane wound core is without seam, saving weight on 4
corners, which is suitable to single phase transformer.
In 1940s, 500KVA transformer with wound core (shell type) in Moscow transformer
factory.
In 1960s, transformer with single phase wound core was applied in China.
In 1986, the first 30kVA transformer with three-phase closed wound core was
manufactured in Shanghai.
In 1990s, industry equipment and technology were imported from Japan and Sweden to
China, and trial production started.
Plane core
AC intersecting
chain flux
AB intersecting
chain flux
BC intersecting
chain flux
Saving 4 corners
compared to stacked core
5. For symmetry of three-phase
magnetic circuit – It has been…
Yoke
Yoke
Core limb
6. Single frames and combination
Fig. 2 Arrangement of 3D cores and single
frames
7.
Compared with traditional transformer structure with lamination
stacked core, transformer with 3D wound core is a kind of new and high
performance transformer with more reasonable structure, better
performance and lower producing cost. Great popularization and wide
use of this transformer will greatly save sources of energy and material
with remarkable economic profit. Therefore, this kind of transformer
will catch general attention and interest.
The whole 3D wound core is composed by three identical single frames,
and three core limbs of the combined core are arranged in equilateral
triangle. Each single frame is wound by several ladder shaped material
strips continuously and orderly, and the cross section of wound single
frame is near semicircle, and the combined cross section is quasi-
polygon which is very close to a circle.
Different size of ladder-shaped strips for winding single frame can be
got by suit cut on special curve slitting machine. This kind of suit cut is
without waste material, which is to say the utilization rate of material is
100% during suit cut.
8.
9. Advantages in six aspects
Saving material and reducing manufacturing cost: 20% silicon steel and 5% wire can be
saved compared with that of plane three-phase lamination stacked core with the same
capacity, thus it obviously reduces manufacturing cost, which is very popular with any
transformer manufacturer and customer.
Improving performance: with the same core and magnetic flux density, no-load loss is
reduced by around 15% compared with that of transformer with plane lamination stacked
core.
Greatly reducing no-load current: no-load current is reduced by 70~80% compared with
that of transformer with plane stacked core.
Reducing noise obviously: 10 decibel is reduced compared with that of transformer with
plane lamination stacked core. (5 decibel reduced for open type)
Improving production efficiency: for open type wound core, core winding and coiling
winding can be carried out at the same time, which improves production efficiency by
more than 50%; reparation is much easier.
Three-phase balance: because of different three-phase magnetic path length, no-load loss
on two side frames of the transformer with plane three-phase stacked core is 20% more
than that on the central column; while no-load loss on three core limbs of the transformer
with three-phase 3 D triangular wound core are the same because of the same magnetic
path length of three core limbs, so three-phase balance is perfect.
11. Advantages
Open type coreOpen type core
winding andwinding and
coil windingcoil winding
can be carriedcan be carried
out at the sameout at the same
time.time.
Easy reparation
ImprovingImproving
efficiencyefficiency
Lessen humanLessen human
factor to havefactor to have
stable qualitystable quality
ManufacturinManufacturin
g of core andg of core and
windingwinding
needs specialneeds special
equipment.equipment.
A little investment on
equipment
It is used forIt is used for
thin materialthin material
processing.processing.
Product withProduct with
highhigh
performanceperformance
and low lossand low loss
SavingSaving
materialmaterial
Small size / light weight, loweringSmall size / light weight, lowering
cost and good looking appearancecost and good looking appearance
13. Winding of single frame is on the
special winding machine for 3D
wound core. While winding this
kind of material strips, the
winding machine can
automatically finish a 30 degree
angle with precision on material
to assure the well binding
between surfaces on combining
three single frames.
16. Annealing
under vacuum
During manufacturing of wound core, as silicon steel
experienced transportation, loading and unloading,
slitting and winding process, stress generates on the
cold-rolled silicon steel and then affects its magnetic
performance. To recover its grain orientation and
realize ordered arrangement of the grain inside the
steel and to recover its magnetic performance as
much as it leaves factory, stress shall be removed
under the condition that insulation coating is not
damaged, and the core needs annealing. During
annealing, there is no phase change on silicon steel,
no grain size change or structure change, only
magnetism is recovered. Verified by testing, no-load
loss on the core after annealing is reduced obviously.
Rising time Preserving time Cooling down time
Temperature
17. Annealing under vacuum
Annealing is mostly affected
by annealing equipment,
temperature, time
(temperature rising,
preserving and decreasing),
silicon steel grade, and
quantity put in oven, core
diameter, atmosphere in
oven, which makes
technology coefficient of core
loss with large dispersion.
Annealing consumes large
quantity of power.