A rectangular patch antenna design is presented that operates at 10 GHz. The antenna consists of a rectangular metallic patch on top of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane. Quarter-wave transformer impedance matching is used between the microstrip feedline and patch to address impedance mismatching. Key dimensions of the patch and matching circuit are calculated and optimized in simulation software. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 10 GHz with 25dB efficiency and has typical electric and magnetic field distributions and radiation pattern for a rectangular patch antenna.
NON-SPLIT PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION ...ijeljournal
This paper developed a non - split perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition (BC) for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in 2D structure. The
point source for electric field has been exploited for propagation of electromagnetic field through 2D structures to validate developed approach. The identity of resulted field distribution to that obtained for split PML BC have been demonstrated.
Non-split Perfectly Matched Layer Boundary Conditions for Numerical Solution ...ijeljournal
This paper developed a non - split perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition (BC) for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in 2D structure. The point source for electric field has been exploited for propagation of electromagnetic field through 2D structures to validate developed approach. The identity of resulted field distribution to that obtained for split PML BC have been demonstrated.
An Upgraded Transverse Electromagnetic Parallel Plates for Dielectric Measure...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A new version of transverse electromagnetic parallel plates with irregular plates’ width and plate separation has been developed for dielectric measurement. The separations between the plates are supported by four rectangular Teflon block and 1 mm of groove is proposed at the center of the upper plate to maintain the measurement repeatability. The groove enables the samples which are slightly higher than 2 cm to be fitted well between the plates without introducing extra force to the plates. The performance of both parallel plates has been compared in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 1.1 GHz. It is found that the upgraded parallel plate offers better return loss and insertion loss above 500 MHz compared to the previous parallel plate. It is reported from this work that the return loss of the parallel plate must be lower than -15 dB in order to achieve accurate dielectric constant. However, the insertion loss of the parallel plates does not influence the real permeability significantly. The upgraded TEM parallel plate produces a consistent reading with a standard deviation of less than 0.05 above frequency 200 MHz. The dielectric measurement of Polypropylene (PP) has proven the capability of this upgraded TEM parallel plate.
Determination of Surface Currents on Circular Microstrip AntennaswailGodaymi1
This work aims to present a theoretical analysis of the electric and magnetic surface current densities of a circular
microstrip antenna (CMSA) as a body of revolution.
The rigorous analysis of these problems begins with the application of the equivalence principle, which introduces
an unknown electric current density on the conducting surface and both unknown equivalent electric and magnetic
surface current densities on the dielectric surface. These current densities satisfy the integral equations (IEs) obtained
by canceling the tangential components of the electric field on the conducting surface and enforcing the continuity
of the tangential components of the fields across the dielectric surface. The formulation of the radiation problems is
based on the combined field integral equation. This formulation is coupled with the method of moments (MoMs) as
a numerical solution for this equation.
IRJET- Multi-Band Polarization Insensitive Metamaterial Absorber for EMI/EMC ...IRJET Journal
- A multi-band metamaterial absorber was designed that can absorb electromagnetic waves at C-band, X-band, Ku-band, and K-band frequencies.
- The absorber structure consists of two split ring resonators and two square fractal structures on a metal-backed dielectric substrate.
- Simulation results showed high absorption (over 80%) at multiple distinct frequencies, with absorption peaks between 90-99% across the different bands. The absorber also demonstrated polarization-insensitive behavior.
This document provides a six-month training summary on power transformers by Srajan bharti. It describes the key parts of a transformer including the tank, bushings, fins, fans, conservator tank, ground terminal, and gauges. The main components are then explained in more detail: the magnetic core, windings, insulation, insulating oil, expansion tank, temperature gauge, oil gauge, Buchholz relay, and breather. Transformers are also classified based on duty, construction, voltage, application, cooling, and input supply. Equations for transformer emf and ratios are provided. Ideal and practical transformer operation is outlined including no-load and load conditions. Open circuit, short circuit, and impedance
The document describes the key steps in manufacturing a transformer, including the design of the core, low voltage and high voltage windings, assembly, and testing. The core is made of silicon steel or amorphous metal sheets and wound with copper or aluminum. The low and high voltage windings are wound on pressboard and connected in star and delta configurations respectively. Once assembled, the core and windings are placed in an oil-filled tank with additional equipment and tested for insulation, voltage, no-load power, temperature, and double voltage double frequency performance.
A rectangular patch antenna design is presented that operates at 10 GHz. The antenna consists of a rectangular metallic patch on top of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane. Quarter-wave transformer impedance matching is used between the microstrip feedline and patch to address impedance mismatching. Key dimensions of the patch and matching circuit are calculated and optimized in simulation software. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 10 GHz with 25dB efficiency and has typical electric and magnetic field distributions and radiation pattern for a rectangular patch antenna.
NON-SPLIT PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION ...ijeljournal
This paper developed a non - split perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition (BC) for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in 2D structure. The
point source for electric field has been exploited for propagation of electromagnetic field through 2D structures to validate developed approach. The identity of resulted field distribution to that obtained for split PML BC have been demonstrated.
Non-split Perfectly Matched Layer Boundary Conditions for Numerical Solution ...ijeljournal
This paper developed a non - split perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition (BC) for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in 2D structure. The point source for electric field has been exploited for propagation of electromagnetic field through 2D structures to validate developed approach. The identity of resulted field distribution to that obtained for split PML BC have been demonstrated.
An Upgraded Transverse Electromagnetic Parallel Plates for Dielectric Measure...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A new version of transverse electromagnetic parallel plates with irregular plates’ width and plate separation has been developed for dielectric measurement. The separations between the plates are supported by four rectangular Teflon block and 1 mm of groove is proposed at the center of the upper plate to maintain the measurement repeatability. The groove enables the samples which are slightly higher than 2 cm to be fitted well between the plates without introducing extra force to the plates. The performance of both parallel plates has been compared in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 1.1 GHz. It is found that the upgraded parallel plate offers better return loss and insertion loss above 500 MHz compared to the previous parallel plate. It is reported from this work that the return loss of the parallel plate must be lower than -15 dB in order to achieve accurate dielectric constant. However, the insertion loss of the parallel plates does not influence the real permeability significantly. The upgraded TEM parallel plate produces a consistent reading with a standard deviation of less than 0.05 above frequency 200 MHz. The dielectric measurement of Polypropylene (PP) has proven the capability of this upgraded TEM parallel plate.
Determination of Surface Currents on Circular Microstrip AntennaswailGodaymi1
This work aims to present a theoretical analysis of the electric and magnetic surface current densities of a circular
microstrip antenna (CMSA) as a body of revolution.
The rigorous analysis of these problems begins with the application of the equivalence principle, which introduces
an unknown electric current density on the conducting surface and both unknown equivalent electric and magnetic
surface current densities on the dielectric surface. These current densities satisfy the integral equations (IEs) obtained
by canceling the tangential components of the electric field on the conducting surface and enforcing the continuity
of the tangential components of the fields across the dielectric surface. The formulation of the radiation problems is
based on the combined field integral equation. This formulation is coupled with the method of moments (MoMs) as
a numerical solution for this equation.
IRJET- Multi-Band Polarization Insensitive Metamaterial Absorber for EMI/EMC ...IRJET Journal
- A multi-band metamaterial absorber was designed that can absorb electromagnetic waves at C-band, X-band, Ku-band, and K-band frequencies.
- The absorber structure consists of two split ring resonators and two square fractal structures on a metal-backed dielectric substrate.
- Simulation results showed high absorption (over 80%) at multiple distinct frequencies, with absorption peaks between 90-99% across the different bands. The absorber also demonstrated polarization-insensitive behavior.
This document provides a six-month training summary on power transformers by Srajan bharti. It describes the key parts of a transformer including the tank, bushings, fins, fans, conservator tank, ground terminal, and gauges. The main components are then explained in more detail: the magnetic core, windings, insulation, insulating oil, expansion tank, temperature gauge, oil gauge, Buchholz relay, and breather. Transformers are also classified based on duty, construction, voltage, application, cooling, and input supply. Equations for transformer emf and ratios are provided. Ideal and practical transformer operation is outlined including no-load and load conditions. Open circuit, short circuit, and impedance
The document describes the key steps in manufacturing a transformer, including the design of the core, low voltage and high voltage windings, assembly, and testing. The core is made of silicon steel or amorphous metal sheets and wound with copper or aluminum. The low and high voltage windings are wound on pressboard and connected in star and delta configurations respectively. Once assembled, the core and windings are placed in an oil-filled tank with additional equipment and tested for insulation, voltage, no-load power, temperature, and double voltage double frequency performance.
Special equipments such as slitting machine, core winding machine and coil winding machine are available to manufacture the 3D transformer wound core with complete technical support. Both plane wound core and 3D wound core can be realized. baituer@gmail.com
Special equipments are available to manufacture the 3D transformer wound core with complete technical support. Both plane wound core and 3D wound core can be realized.
http://youtu.be/ndyUy-MqVAo
Design and Simulation of transformer less Single Phase Photovoltaic Inverter ...IOSR Journals
This document presents the simulation results of a single-phase photovoltaic inverter without a transformer or batteries. A boost converter raises the voltage from the PV module to the desired level. An inverter with PWM switching converts the DC to AC. Simulation in MATLAB/Simulink shows the PV output of 96V and 6.5A is boosted to 320V DC. The inverter produces a 230V AC output at 50Hz with less than 1% THD, eliminating the need for batteries or a transformer. The proposed design aims to directly and efficiently convert solar power to AC without intermediate components to reduce costs.
Building product suggestions for a BIM model based on rule sets and a semant...Gonçal Costa Jutglar
The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry today relies on different information systems and computational tools built to support and assist in the building design and construction. However, these systems and tools typically provide this support in isolation from each other. A good combination of these systems and tools is beneficial for a better coordination and information management. Semantic web technologies and a Linked Data approach can be used to fulfil this aim. In this paper, we indicate how these technologies can be applied for one particular objective, namely to check a building information model (BIM) and make suggestions for that model regarding the building elements. These suggestions are based on information obtained from different data sources, including a BIM model, regulations and catalogues of locally available building components.
Prathap Kumar is seeking a position as an electrical engineer with 5 years of experience in transformer design and manufacturing. He has expertise in designing distribution and power transformers up to 50MVA and currently works as a design engineer. Previously he worked for Kamath Transformers where he was responsible for transformer design, preparation of technical documents, and interacting with clients and production.
This document discusses research into developing a theory and method for designing transforming products. It begins by introducing transformation principles and facilitators identified through studying thousands of patents and products. A transformer repository containing 190 transforming products is described. The research aims to identify relationships between principles and facilitators through empirical study in order to guide designers and find new transformation solutions. An inductive approach is used involving observing nature, patents and products to extract transformation heuristics and develop a theory from the bottom up.
Sarvottam Deshpande presented a seminar on power transformers. Power transformers are used to transfer power between different voltage levels by electromagnetic induction without changing frequency. They are generally rated at 500kVA or greater. Power transformers can be classified as small (500-7500kVA), medium (7500-100MVA), or large (over 100MVA) and have an average lifespan of 30 years. The core is made of silicon steel to reduce losses and hysteresis losses use cold rolled grain oriented silicon steel. Various winding types like spiral, helical, and sandwich are used depending on current rating. Insulation uses oil-impregnated paper and cooling is provided by the insulating oil or separate radiators.
The document discusses transformers and provides information on their components and functioning. It defines a transformer as a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors. The secondary voltage is scaled from the primary by the ratio of their winding turns. Transformers can step up or step down voltage. Different types of transformers are described, along with ideal transformer characteristics. Transformer testing methods, losses, efficiency calculation, and maintenance procedures are also summarized.
This document provides information on the design of single phase and three phase variable air-gap choke coils. It discusses the key components of a choke coil including the copper wire winding and laminated iron core. The design procedure involves determining the required magnetic flux, current, turns, conductor size, and mechanical dimensions. Key steps include calculating the ampere-turns for the iron and air gaps, selecting the conductor size based on current density, and determining the coil window size and spacing to accommodate the windings. Design values such as resistance, inductance, and impedance are also calculated.
This document contains design calculations for a single-phase distribution transformer. It specifies design parameters such as a rated output of 50 kVA, primary voltage of 13800V, secondary voltage of 460/230V, and an efficiency of at least 0.96 at full load. The document then shows calculations for transformer components like winding dimensions and currents, core size, flux density, losses, and temperature rise. Design goals are to have losses lower than specified guarantees and a temperature rise under 55°C at full load.
This document discusses transformer protection standards and methods. It provides details on differential protection, overcurrent protection, earth fault protection, overfluxing protection, temperature protection, buchholz relays, bushings, cooling systems, and other components. Some key protection methods mentioned include differential relaying using current transformers, overcurrent protection on the low and high voltage sides, backup earth fault protection, and overfluxing protection operating on voltage-to-frequency principles.
Presentation Design of Computer aided design of power transformerSMDDTech
The document summarizes the design of a 100 KVA power transformer. It includes the design calculations for the high voltage and low voltage windings, core, tank, and other components. Key specifications calculated include 11,000/433V voltage ratings, 3344 turns for the high voltage winding, 76 turns for the low voltage winding, and a core size of 115mm diameter. Performance metrics like 98.15% efficiency at full load, 3.94% voltage regulation, and total losses of 1561.617W are provided. Dimensions for the transformer tank and cooling system are also listed.
This document summarizes a program for calculating three-phase AC winding for single-speed motors. The program includes diagrams for common winding configurations with 12 to 90 slots. It guides the user through entering core dimensions and specifications to calculate the winding configuration, number of turns per coil, wire size and other details. Operating the program is designed to be easy, even for those without experience in computers or motor winding calculations.
This document contains lecture notes on the fundamentals of electrical machine design from the EE-1352 ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN course. It defines electrical machine design as the creative physical realization of theoretical concepts to produce machines that perform specified tasks with optimum economy and efficiency. The notes discuss basic considerations in developing a design including the design base, specifications, design transfer, and information updating. It also outlines major considerations like lower cost, durability, and meeting performance criteria, as well as limitations in design such as magnetic saturation, temperature rise, insulation, and customer specifications. Finally, it describes the basic structure of electrical machines including the magnetic, electric, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical circuits.
The document contains lecture notes about transformers. It discusses that a transformer transfers electrical energy from one voltage level to another without mechanical energy conversion. It has two circuits called primary and secondary linked by a magnetic circuit. An AC voltage applied to the primary induces a voltage in the secondary according to Faraday's law of induction. The core is made of laminated steel to reduce eddy current losses. Transformers can be of core type or shell type and are used to step up or step down voltages for applications like power distribution or electronics.
1. Introduction
2. History of transformer
3. Principle
4. Construction and Working
5. Types of Transformer
6. Application
7. Auto transformer
8. Need of transformer
S. Karthick was born in 1991 in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu, India. He completed a Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2010 and a Bachelor's degree in the same field in 2013 from IFET College of Engineering in Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. He is currently working as an Electrical Engineer in Kuwait at Kharafi National. His areas of interest include power electronics, power systems, computer networks, and electrical machines. He has published two articles in national journals.
Design and Simulation of a Fractal Micro-TransformerIJERA Editor
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a fractal micro-transformer. The researchers designed an air-core fractal micro-transformer using finite element modeling software. Simulation results showed improved performance parameters compared to macro transformers, including higher voltage gain. Electric displacement and magnetic energy density within the micro-transformer were determined to be 2 x 10-11 C/m2 and 100 J/m3 respectively. Losses within the air-core design were minimal at 3 W/m3. The micro-transformer was concluded to be suitable for integration in MEMS and VLSI applications due to its small size, high impedance, and isolation capabilities.
The Performance of an Integrated Transformer in a DC/DC ConverterTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The separation between the low-voltage part and high-voltage part of the converter is formed by a
transformer that transfers power while jamming the DC ring. The resonant mode power oscillator is utilized
to allow elevated competence power transfer. The on-chip transformer is probable to have elevated value
inductance, elevated quality factors and elevated coupling coefficient to decrease the loss in the
oscillation. The performance of a transformer is extremely dependent on the structure, topology and other
essential structures that create it compatible with the integrated circuits IC process such as patterned
ground shield (PGS). Different types of transformers are modeled and simulated in MATLAB; the
performances are compared to select the optimum design. The on-chip transformer model is simulated
and the Results of MATLAB simulation are exposed, showing an excellent agreement in radio frequency
RF.
Special equipments such as slitting machine, core winding machine and coil winding machine are available to manufacture the 3D transformer wound core with complete technical support. Both plane wound core and 3D wound core can be realized. baituer@gmail.com
Special equipments are available to manufacture the 3D transformer wound core with complete technical support. Both plane wound core and 3D wound core can be realized.
http://youtu.be/ndyUy-MqVAo
Design and Simulation of transformer less Single Phase Photovoltaic Inverter ...IOSR Journals
This document presents the simulation results of a single-phase photovoltaic inverter without a transformer or batteries. A boost converter raises the voltage from the PV module to the desired level. An inverter with PWM switching converts the DC to AC. Simulation in MATLAB/Simulink shows the PV output of 96V and 6.5A is boosted to 320V DC. The inverter produces a 230V AC output at 50Hz with less than 1% THD, eliminating the need for batteries or a transformer. The proposed design aims to directly and efficiently convert solar power to AC without intermediate components to reduce costs.
Building product suggestions for a BIM model based on rule sets and a semant...Gonçal Costa Jutglar
The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry today relies on different information systems and computational tools built to support and assist in the building design and construction. However, these systems and tools typically provide this support in isolation from each other. A good combination of these systems and tools is beneficial for a better coordination and information management. Semantic web technologies and a Linked Data approach can be used to fulfil this aim. In this paper, we indicate how these technologies can be applied for one particular objective, namely to check a building information model (BIM) and make suggestions for that model regarding the building elements. These suggestions are based on information obtained from different data sources, including a BIM model, regulations and catalogues of locally available building components.
Prathap Kumar is seeking a position as an electrical engineer with 5 years of experience in transformer design and manufacturing. He has expertise in designing distribution and power transformers up to 50MVA and currently works as a design engineer. Previously he worked for Kamath Transformers where he was responsible for transformer design, preparation of technical documents, and interacting with clients and production.
This document discusses research into developing a theory and method for designing transforming products. It begins by introducing transformation principles and facilitators identified through studying thousands of patents and products. A transformer repository containing 190 transforming products is described. The research aims to identify relationships between principles and facilitators through empirical study in order to guide designers and find new transformation solutions. An inductive approach is used involving observing nature, patents and products to extract transformation heuristics and develop a theory from the bottom up.
Sarvottam Deshpande presented a seminar on power transformers. Power transformers are used to transfer power between different voltage levels by electromagnetic induction without changing frequency. They are generally rated at 500kVA or greater. Power transformers can be classified as small (500-7500kVA), medium (7500-100MVA), or large (over 100MVA) and have an average lifespan of 30 years. The core is made of silicon steel to reduce losses and hysteresis losses use cold rolled grain oriented silicon steel. Various winding types like spiral, helical, and sandwich are used depending on current rating. Insulation uses oil-impregnated paper and cooling is provided by the insulating oil or separate radiators.
The document discusses transformers and provides information on their components and functioning. It defines a transformer as a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors. The secondary voltage is scaled from the primary by the ratio of their winding turns. Transformers can step up or step down voltage. Different types of transformers are described, along with ideal transformer characteristics. Transformer testing methods, losses, efficiency calculation, and maintenance procedures are also summarized.
This document provides information on the design of single phase and three phase variable air-gap choke coils. It discusses the key components of a choke coil including the copper wire winding and laminated iron core. The design procedure involves determining the required magnetic flux, current, turns, conductor size, and mechanical dimensions. Key steps include calculating the ampere-turns for the iron and air gaps, selecting the conductor size based on current density, and determining the coil window size and spacing to accommodate the windings. Design values such as resistance, inductance, and impedance are also calculated.
This document contains design calculations for a single-phase distribution transformer. It specifies design parameters such as a rated output of 50 kVA, primary voltage of 13800V, secondary voltage of 460/230V, and an efficiency of at least 0.96 at full load. The document then shows calculations for transformer components like winding dimensions and currents, core size, flux density, losses, and temperature rise. Design goals are to have losses lower than specified guarantees and a temperature rise under 55°C at full load.
This document discusses transformer protection standards and methods. It provides details on differential protection, overcurrent protection, earth fault protection, overfluxing protection, temperature protection, buchholz relays, bushings, cooling systems, and other components. Some key protection methods mentioned include differential relaying using current transformers, overcurrent protection on the low and high voltage sides, backup earth fault protection, and overfluxing protection operating on voltage-to-frequency principles.
Presentation Design of Computer aided design of power transformerSMDDTech
The document summarizes the design of a 100 KVA power transformer. It includes the design calculations for the high voltage and low voltage windings, core, tank, and other components. Key specifications calculated include 11,000/433V voltage ratings, 3344 turns for the high voltage winding, 76 turns for the low voltage winding, and a core size of 115mm diameter. Performance metrics like 98.15% efficiency at full load, 3.94% voltage regulation, and total losses of 1561.617W are provided. Dimensions for the transformer tank and cooling system are also listed.
This document summarizes a program for calculating three-phase AC winding for single-speed motors. The program includes diagrams for common winding configurations with 12 to 90 slots. It guides the user through entering core dimensions and specifications to calculate the winding configuration, number of turns per coil, wire size and other details. Operating the program is designed to be easy, even for those without experience in computers or motor winding calculations.
This document contains lecture notes on the fundamentals of electrical machine design from the EE-1352 ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN course. It defines electrical machine design as the creative physical realization of theoretical concepts to produce machines that perform specified tasks with optimum economy and efficiency. The notes discuss basic considerations in developing a design including the design base, specifications, design transfer, and information updating. It also outlines major considerations like lower cost, durability, and meeting performance criteria, as well as limitations in design such as magnetic saturation, temperature rise, insulation, and customer specifications. Finally, it describes the basic structure of electrical machines including the magnetic, electric, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical circuits.
The document contains lecture notes about transformers. It discusses that a transformer transfers electrical energy from one voltage level to another without mechanical energy conversion. It has two circuits called primary and secondary linked by a magnetic circuit. An AC voltage applied to the primary induces a voltage in the secondary according to Faraday's law of induction. The core is made of laminated steel to reduce eddy current losses. Transformers can be of core type or shell type and are used to step up or step down voltages for applications like power distribution or electronics.
1. Introduction
2. History of transformer
3. Principle
4. Construction and Working
5. Types of Transformer
6. Application
7. Auto transformer
8. Need of transformer
S. Karthick was born in 1991 in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu, India. He completed a Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2010 and a Bachelor's degree in the same field in 2013 from IFET College of Engineering in Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. He is currently working as an Electrical Engineer in Kuwait at Kharafi National. His areas of interest include power electronics, power systems, computer networks, and electrical machines. He has published two articles in national journals.
Design and Simulation of a Fractal Micro-TransformerIJERA Editor
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a fractal micro-transformer. The researchers designed an air-core fractal micro-transformer using finite element modeling software. Simulation results showed improved performance parameters compared to macro transformers, including higher voltage gain. Electric displacement and magnetic energy density within the micro-transformer were determined to be 2 x 10-11 C/m2 and 100 J/m3 respectively. Losses within the air-core design were minimal at 3 W/m3. The micro-transformer was concluded to be suitable for integration in MEMS and VLSI applications due to its small size, high impedance, and isolation capabilities.
The Performance of an Integrated Transformer in a DC/DC ConverterTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The separation between the low-voltage part and high-voltage part of the converter is formed by a
transformer that transfers power while jamming the DC ring. The resonant mode power oscillator is utilized
to allow elevated competence power transfer. The on-chip transformer is probable to have elevated value
inductance, elevated quality factors and elevated coupling coefficient to decrease the loss in the
oscillation. The performance of a transformer is extremely dependent on the structure, topology and other
essential structures that create it compatible with the integrated circuits IC process such as patterned
ground shield (PGS). Different types of transformers are modeled and simulated in MATLAB; the
performances are compared to select the optimum design. The on-chip transformer model is simulated
and the Results of MATLAB simulation are exposed, showing an excellent agreement in radio frequency
RF.
Modeling and Structure Optimization of Tapped Transformer Yayah Zakaria
This document presents a study of the modeling and structure optimization of tapped transformers. It begins with introducing the basic structure of tapped transformers and defining their key geometric and technological parameters. It then presents an equivalent circuit model of tapped transformers and examines how to optimize the structure by changing the width and spacing of the primary coil to increase the quality factor Q and coupling coefficient K. Simulation results are compared with calculation results. The study finds that adjusting the width and spacing of the primary coil can influence the inductance and quality factor of tapped transformers.
Modeling and Structure Optimization of Tapped Transformer IJECEIAES
In this paper, a simplified circuit model of the tapped transformer structure has been presented to extract the Geometric and technology parameters and offer better physical understanding. Moreover, the structure of planar transformer has been optimized by using changing the width and space of the primary coil, so as to enlarge the quality factor Q and high coupling coefficient K. To verify the results obtained by using these models, we have compared them with the results obtained by employing the MATLAB simulator. Very good agreement has been recorded for the effective primary inductance value, whereas the effective primary quality factor value has shown a somewhat larger deviation than the inductance.
Fea of pcb multilayer stack up high voltage planar transformer for aerospace...elelijjournal
High voltage planar transformer is a technology which can replace conventional transformer with its distinct advantages of saturation and cost efficiency. This paper includes, study and solution methods for PCB winding configuration in planar magnetic elements with multilayer
stack up of PCB Cu-tracks, producing High voltage power supply for aerospace application.With finite element analysis (FEA) simulations, different simulation outcomes are discussed for inspecting flux intensity and current density distribution with computing Electric field strength
and Magnetic fields. In principal conclusion of study, complete analysis and some practical design guidelines for
multilayer PCB stack up are discussed in this paper.
MODELING OF PLANAR METAMATERIAL STRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECTIVE PARAMETER EXTRACTIONIAEME Publication
This paper is about designing a Metamaterial structure and the Scattering Parameter Extraction Method that has become a prime tool for Metamaterial characterization so that there is a better understanding of relation between their configuration and associated properties of these materials in terms of negative permittivity and negative permeability to explore application potential. A 2D planar Metamaterial structure has been designed, fabricated and analyzed. It consists of conducting patches and meander lines on a dielectric substrate. Electromagnetic modeling was carried out using Finite Difference Time Domain method based simulation tool EMPIRE XCcel.
03 motl lukic_yakovlevelsherbenietal_printedantennadesignspatialpowercombinerCarlos Andres
The document discusses printed antenna designs for broadband waveguide-based spatial power combiners. It investigates the effect of antenna design parameters on bandwidth performance. Meander-slot antennas and their variations are proposed to increase bandwidth and efficiency compared to traditional rectangular patch and slot antennas. Numerical results show interacting single patch and meander slot antennas, as well as arrays of interacting U-strip, U-slot, and meander slot antennas, have advantages in scattering characteristics for spatial power combining applications.
Finite Element Method for Designing and Analysis of the Transformer – A Retro...idescitation
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Finite Element Method (FEM) was
developed over 70 years to solve the complex elasticity and structural analysis problem in
civil and aeronautical engineering. Application of FEA is being expanded to simulation in
electrical engineering also to solve the complex design problems. The circuit theory models
for designing transformers are not much accurate in determining the transformer
parameters such as winding impedance, leakage inductance, hot spot temperature etc. The
physical realization of these parameters is needed on a prototype unit. The finite element
method can play a vital role in deriving these parameters without any physical verification.
An effort has been made in this paper to show the effectiveness of finite element method in
determining the above said parameters while designing the transformers - both oil cooled as
well as dry type - for power and distribution sectors as well as to analyze and detect the
internal faults in the transformer.
The document describes a project to design a reconfigurable RF MEMS bandpass filter. It discusses using cantilever switches to allow the filter to operate at different frequencies, such as kHz and MHz. It then provides details on the design of two filters - a comb-driven filter targeting 700 kHz, and a fixed-fixed beam filter at 9.98 MHz. Simulation results are presented to validate the filter response. The document also discusses switch designs and fabrication processes.
This document outlines the course contents for the subject Electrical Machine Design - 1. It includes the following topics:
1. General aspects of insulating materials, heating, cooling, electrical and magnetic loading, output coefficients, and factors affecting machine size.
2. Design of three phase transformers including core and winding calculations, cooling methods, output equations, and design for minimum cost/loss.
3. DC machine design including output equations, core dimensions, armature design, field system design, commutator/brush design, and considerations for large machines.
4. Design principles and winding design for current transformers.
This document outlines the course contents for the subject Electrical Machine Design - 1. It includes the following topics:
1. General aspects of insulating materials, heating, cooling, electrical and magnetic loading, output coefficients, and factors affecting machine size.
2. Design of three phase transformers including core and winding calculations, cooling methods, transformer ratings, and design for minimum cost/loss.
3. DC machine design covering output equations, core dimensions, armature design, field system design, commutator/brush design, and considerations for large/high voltage machines.
4. Design principles and winding calculations for current transformers.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
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Fault identification in transformer windingeSAT Journals
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The influences of T-joint core design on no-load losses in transformers
1. THE INFLUENCES OF T-JOINT CORE
DESIGN ON NO-LOAD LOSSES IN
TRANSFORMERS
Guide : Sruthi Nath.S
Asst. Professor
Dept. of EEE
Gokul P K
PIAKEEEO14
2. INTRODUCTION
Transformer Efficiency can be as high as 99%.
Depends on the design of the joints between the limbs
and the yokes.
Performance is compared based
configurations of 23 , 45 , 60 , and 90 .
Flux distribution and loss calculation are analyzed using
Finite Element Method.
on
T-Joint
3.
Designed and Simulated Using Quick Field Software
To find the best core design based on T-Joint
configuration in terms of No-Load losses and Flux
distribution.
4. A LOOK AT LOSSES
Two types of transformer losses,
1.
2.
Load losses.
No-load losses .
NO Load losses depends on
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Type of Joints.
Air gaps.
Overlap area at the Joints.
Accuracy of dimensions (angles at the corner joints).
Flatness of the laminations.
Grade of the material used.
5.
No load losses do not vary , will be constant over the life time.
Forms less than 1% of the Power Rating.
Represents sizable operating expense, when energy costs are
high.
Can be reduced by understanding localized flux and loss
distributions in the Transformer core.
Alternatively Load losses arise from the resistive components
of the windings.
6. TRANSFORMER CORE LOSSES
Efficiency depends on the type of corner joint between
Yokes and limbs.
Two types of joints,
1.
2.
Mitred Joints
Non-Mitred Joints
Non-Mitred Joints
Transformers.
are
used
in
Here we are considering Mitred joints.
small
rating
7.
Flux crosses from limb to the yoke along Grain orientation.
Rolling direction of the strip is in the easy direction of
magnetization.
Flux deviates from rolling direction at the corners.
Power losses will increase, as well as the Magneto static and
the noise output of the core.
9. TRANSFORMER MODELING
Accurate characterization of the Electromagnetic behavior is
done by Finite Element Method.
Concept of dividing original problem’s domain in to a group of
sub-domains.
Applying Numerical formulation based on Interpolation theory to
the elements.
Quick Field can perform both linear and non-linear Magneto static
analysis.
Modeling of the core design and calculation of No- load losses.
14.
After simulation , we will obtain the output data such as
flux density, flux flow, energy density, permeability etc.
Now we can determine
Transformer losses.
General problem parameters are stored as in the
problem.
winding
Inductance
and
15. DEVELOPMENT
Three stages
1. Geometry description and Manipulation.
2. Definition of properties , Field sources, and boundary
conditions.
3. Mesh Generation
16.
17.
18.
19. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Results were analyzed according to different core
configurations.
Graphical Representation of Transformer behavior such
as direction of flux, flux density, permeability, energy
density
Four packets consisting of four different angles of T-joint
were analyzed.
24.
Highest flux density was recorded with a 90° T-Joint.
Energy will be stored in regions such as air gaps,
insulation between conductors, and spaces within the
conductors.
Highest Energy density was with a 90° T-joint.
23° and 60° of the T-joint was recorded the highest
values of permeability.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Loss calculation are achieved using these data
Highest loss was recorded with a 90° and lowest loss
was recorded with a 60° T-Joint.
31.
32. CONCLUSION
Flux distribution and transformer losses have been
investigated for the overall packages.
Observed that
configuration.
Losses increase by internal compressive stresses
through out the yokes and limbs.
A higher energy
transformer losses.
60°
T-Joint
density
is
will
the
optimal
increase
the
33.
Core losses can be minimized by controlling the flux
distribution.
Adjusting the shape and angle of the core reduces noise
due to the electromagnetic forces.
Small size Transformers with high capacity
performance should be designed in future.
and
34. REFERENCES
L. Jansak, F. Zizek, Z. Jelinek, Z. Timoransky, H. Piel, and M.
Polak, “Loss analysis of a model transformer winding winding,
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercon., vol. 3,no. 2, pp. 2352–2355, 2003.
S. V. Kulkarni, and S. A. Khaparde, Transformer Engineering
Design andPractice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press,2004, pp. 1–
39.
J. H. Harlow, Electrical PowerTransformer Engineering. Boca
Raton,FL: CRC Press, 2004, pp. 2–23.
M. Kang, M. Ku, H. Lee, and G.Cha, “The effects of the air
gap betweenpancake windings on the centralmagnetic field in
a high temperature superconducting magnet,” Cryogencis, vol.
50,no. 2, pp. 78–83, 2010.
A. O. Ijaduola, J. R. Thompson, A.Goyal, C. L. H. Thieme, and
K. Marken,“Magnetism and ferromagnetic loss in Ni–W
textured substrates for coated conductors,” Physica C:
Supercond., vol.403, no. 3, pp. 63–171, 2004.
35.
Finite Element Analysis System,Tera Analysis Ltd., QuickField User
Guide,Version 5.7, Svendborg, Denmark,2009.
A. O. Ijaduola, J. R. Thompson, A.Goyal, C. L. H. Thieme, and K.
Marken,“Magnetism and ferromagnetic loss in Ni–W textured
substrates for coated conductors,” Physica C: Supercond., vol.403,
no. 3, pp. 63–171, 2004.
A. O. Ijaduola, J. R. Thompson, A.Goyal, C. L. H. Thieme, and K.
Marken,“Magnetism and ferromagnetic loss in Ni–W textured
substrates for coated conductors,” Physica C: Supercond., vol.403,
no. 3, pp. 63–171, 2004.
B. Suechoey, S. Tadsuan, C.Thammarat, and M.Lee1ajindakraireak,
“Estimation of core loss of transformer under non-sinusoidal voltage
supply,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Power System Technology,2004, vol. 1,
pp. 511–516.