The document discusses Transactional Analysis (TA), which analyzes personality and interpersonal relationships. TA proposes that each personality comprises a Parent, Adult, and Child ego state. The Parent represents internalized messages from caregivers, the Adult processes data objectively, and the Child expresses emotions. Effective communication involves complementary transactions where different ego states respond appropriately to each other. Crossed transactions occur when ego states clash, undermining relationships. TA provides a framework for understanding personality and improving interpersonal skills.

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Personality Enhancement Program
(PEP I)
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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS (TA)
Understanding Personal & Interpersonal
Relationships
Neeraj Batra/ Transactional Analysis

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Introduction
o Concept By Eric Berne, Father Of Personality Analysis
o Tracks the concept of Identity and its key components
o Conventionally Adolescence is a period of Identity Crisis
o It is the Twilight period between Childhood and Adulthood
o Berne however felt that stress and conflict persists perpetually
o He divided each personality into three components-Parent, Adult &
Child
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The Components
o Each personality is an amalgam and interaction of these three
components
o No one has a single, solid, consistent character at all times
o This creates dissonance and Identity crisis even for adults
o The personality Berne felt is more fluid and not solid and consistent
o We may at times act childlike (selfish), adult like (realistic) and Parent
like (preachy)
o These three "ego" states are the main basis for TA
Neeraj Batra/ Transactional Analysis

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Other Key Concepts
o A Transaction : communication/inter exchange between people
o TA involves analyzing the ego states people are transacting in
o The concept of Life Script- the predominant way we conduct our life
o This is a pre-conscious life plan on the way we live our lives
o Many of these stem from self limiting decisions made in childhood
o Concepts such as Strokes, Stamp Collection and Games (Socially
dysfunctional behaviour)
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The Parent
o The Parent is an iconic status symbol
o Demands conformity, control and authority
o Uses sanctions, rewards and encouragement
o Through absorbed conditioning we sub-consciously pick our parents
behaviour patterns
o Our Parent personality accordingly has a huge memory of recorded
playbacks
o Parent personalities : linked with "How to", "Never", "Don't" and
"Under no circumstances"
o Further classified into the Nurturing Parent & The Controlling Parent
Neeraj Batra/ Transactional Analysis

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Nurturing & Controlling Parent
o The Nurturing Parent is encouraging, overprotective, rewards and
passes good morals
o Although the Nurturing Parent cares for the Child it can Smother the
Childs development/initiative
o The Controlling Parent is strict and judgmental
o Wants the Child to succeed on the Parents index and terms
o The Controlling Parent does not tolerate arguments very well: Can
lead to Apathy
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The Adult
o Our ability to think and act based on data and situations is our Adult
ability
o This is adapted Vs learnt behaviour
o The Adult is seldom emotional and is detached
o Adults are preoccupied with handling stimuli and taking decisions
o The Adults style is more "How do you say that", "What makes you
so sure"
o Adults are calm not easily swayed by rhetoric and involve active
listening
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The Child
o Our Internal Feelings to external events is our Child status
o The Child is in control when anger, despair and excitement is
dominant
o The Child uses instinct, impulse and emotion for transacting
o Berne identifies 3 Child States of Natural Child, Adapted Child
and Lawyer Child
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Natural, Adapted Child
o THE NATURAL CHILD
Curious, Inquisitive, Trusting, Loving and Aggressive
o THE ADAPTED CHILD
Has learnt how to deal with adults
Procrastinates (no trouble if you don’t take decisions)
Is a dreamer (expression of hidden desires)
Is compliant (Eager to Please)
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Lawyer Child
o THE LAWYER CHILD
Always seeks transgression
Seeks forbidden rules
Seeks this transgression :
- without breaking laws
- or without detection
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Summary
o The Parent is thus our "TAUGHT CONCEPT OF LIFE"
o The Adult is our "THOUGHT CONCEPT OF LIFE"
o The Child is our " FELT CONCEPT OF LIFE"
Neeraj Batra/ Transactional Analysis

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PARENT
Natural Parent Controlling Parent
ADULT
CHILD
Natural Child Lawyer Child
Adapted Child
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Transactions: Key Concepts
o Verbal Communication emotes 7 % thru words, 38 % thru
paralinguistic and 55 % by gestures
o The Person sending the stimuli is called an Agent
o The person responding is called a respondent
o Interpersonal skills breakdown when our alter ego state clashes with
the respondents
o This may happen as agents or as respondents
o Transactions can be broken into Complementary and Crossed
Transactions
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Complementary Transactions
o For successful interpersonal/communication skills Transactions
must be Complementary
o Adult To Adult
o These also happen if they go back and forth from a receiving ego
state to the sending ego state
o Parent to Child stimuli responded with Child to Parent would be
complementary
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Complementary Transactions
P P
A A
C C
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Crossed Transactions
o In Crossed Transactions there is averse reaction from one or
both parties
o These are transactions where alter ego states are at variance on
to and from inter exchange
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Crossed Transaction
P P
A A
C C
Neeraj Batra/ Transactional Analysis

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Ulterior Transactions
o Ulterior Transactions are the most damaging.
o In these the same person displays two ego states
o Usually happens where you say something and mean or do another
o These cause huge interpersonal transaction breakdowns
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Stimuli of Adult, Child and Parent
o ADULT (PHYSICAL) - Attentive, interested, straight forward, non threatening
o ADULT (VERBAL) - Why, what, how, where, reasoned/ opinion statements
o CHILD (PHYSICAL) - Emotional, Despair, tantrums, shrugging shoulders,
squirming, giggling
o CHILD (VERBAL) - I wish, I don’t care, whatever, Oh no, worst day/best day of
my life, superlatives
o PARENT (PHYSICAL) - Arms folded, finger pointing, threatening
o PARENT (VERBAL) - Don’t you dare, Should not, Without my permission,
T A helps an understanding based on stimuli on what alter ego state to adapt
Neeraj Batra/ Transactional Analysis