This file contains hilsa fishery ,hilsa fishery of bay of bengal ,marine fisheries conservation and management ,objectives of hilsa fishery study ,route and abundance of hilsa (tenualosa ilisha) ,migratory pattern ,route and abundance of hilsa shad ,spawning grounds ,hilsa fishery management, feeding and growing grounds e.t.c
Generalized and specific definition of pond and the types relating their size, use, construction method were illustrated. Besides the culture system of fish and aquatic organisms and their types were also described.
Shore based aquaculture or coastal brackish water aquaculture is practiced in many countries. There are various methods of traditional culture system based on the local conditions. Shrimp culture is the main attraction of this culture system. Some other fishes and other organisms like crabs, bivalves and seaweeds are also farmed. This type of culture system is mainly found in south East Asia.
This file contains hilsa fishery ,hilsa fishery of bay of bengal ,marine fisheries conservation and management ,objectives of hilsa fishery study ,route and abundance of hilsa (tenualosa ilisha) ,migratory pattern ,route and abundance of hilsa shad ,spawning grounds ,hilsa fishery management, feeding and growing grounds e.t.c
Generalized and specific definition of pond and the types relating their size, use, construction method were illustrated. Besides the culture system of fish and aquatic organisms and their types were also described.
Shore based aquaculture or coastal brackish water aquaculture is practiced in many countries. There are various methods of traditional culture system based on the local conditions. Shrimp culture is the main attraction of this culture system. Some other fishes and other organisms like crabs, bivalves and seaweeds are also farmed. This type of culture system is mainly found in south East Asia.
Allen Brandt, UW Stevens Point GIS Center & College of Natural Resources
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food production systems in the world.The aquaculture industry in Wisconsin,
comprised of approximately 2,000 registered fish farms, contributes over $7 million to the state’s economy annually.
There are many species of game, food, and bait fish cultivated throughout the state in a variety of production systems. In
recent years, the growth of the aquaculture industry in Wisconsin has slowed and the number of registered fish farms is
beginning to decrease.The reason for the decrease in fish farms is not known, but it could be from the tough economic
times, high costs of production, limited markets, environmental restrictions, or the site location of the fish farms.The
objective of the study is to determine if the site location characteristics play a part in the success of the fish farm
operation.The utilization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create an evaluative model examining the
environmental and socio-economic characteristics of current registered fish farms and those that have closed.The
characteristics considered are land cover, soil types, elevation, water quality and source, and proximity to infrastructure
and potential markets.The evaluative model will then be used to create a predictive model using a multi-criteria
evaluation procedure using a GIS.The predictive model will be able to determine suitable locations for sustainable
system-specific and species-specific aquaculture facilities.
A rice-fish system is an integrated rice field or rice field/pond complex, where fish are grown concurrently or alternately with rice. Fish may be deliberately stocked (fish culture), or may enter fields naturally from surrounding water ways when flooding occurs (rice field fisheries), or a bit of both. Fish yields can range widely from of 1.5 to 174 kg/ha/season depending on the type of rice fish system, the species present, and the management employed.
Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, salmon, tilapia and catfish.
There is an increasing demand for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. Fish farming offers fish marketers another source. However, farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO in 2008 totalled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion.
Specific types of fish farms[edit source | editbeta]
Within intensive and extensive aquaculture methods, there are numerous specific types of fish farms; each has benefits and applications unique to its design.
Cage system[edit source | editbeta]
Giant gourami is often raised in cages in central Thailand
Fish cages are placed in lakes, bayous, ponds, rivers or oceans to contain and protect fish until they can be harvested. The method is also called "off-shore cultivation[7] " when the cages are placed in the sea. They can be constructed of a wide variety of components. Fish are stocked in cages, artificially fed, and harvested when they reach market size. A few advantages of fish farming with cages are that many types of waters can be used (rivers, lakes, filled quarries, etc.), many types of fish can be raised, and fish farming can co-exist with sport fishing and other water uses. Cage farming of fishes in open seas is also gaining popularity. Concerns of disease, poaching, poor water quality, etc., lead some to believe that in general, pond systems are easier to manage and simpler to start. Also, past occurrences of cage-failures leading to escapes, have raised concern regarding the culture of non-native fish species in open-water cages. Even though the cage-industry has made numerous technological advances in cage construction in recent years, the concern for escapes remains valid.
Main article: Copper alloys in aquaculture
Recently, copper alloys have become important netting materials in aquaculture. Copper alloys are antimicrobial, that is, they destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and other microbes. In the marine environment, the antimicrobial/algaecidal properties of copper alloys prevent biofouling, which can briefly be described as the undesirable accumulation, adhesion, and growth of microorganisms, plants, algae, tube worms, barnacles, mollusks, and other organisms.
S.S. Presents
Made By Siddhartha Satyakama.
Le diaporama dédié à la culture du milkfish offrira une exploration approfondie des multiples facettes de cette pratique aquacole. En mettant en avant les conditions environnementales optimales, il abordera les techniques de reproduction, les régimes nutritionnels recommandés, ainsi que les défis et avantages inhérents à l'élevage du milkfish. Des visuels graphiques et des images saisissantes seront incorporés pour illustrer de manière vivante le cycle de vie du poisson et dépeindre les installations d'élevage modernes. En parallèle, des données économiques viendront étayer la présentation, mettant en relief l'impact financier de cette activité. L'aspect culturel du milkfish ne sera pas négligé, mettant en lumière son importance dans diverses régions et soulignant son rôle significatif tant sur le plan économique que social. En somme, ce diaporama vise à offrir une compréhension holistique de la culture du milkfish, alliant informations pratiques et perspectives culturelles.
The world’s fisheries provide about 2.6 billion people with at least 20 per cent of their average annual per capita protein intake (FAO, 2007).In india clupeids are the major fish resource.This presentation deals about fisheries aspects of some clupeid varieties except sardines in India.
Feed formulation is the major part of aquaculture.The main objective of feed formulation is to utilize the knowledge of nutrient requirements, locally available feed ingredients and digestive capacity of fish for the development of a nutritionally balanced mixture of feed stuff…
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a severe viral disease of salmonid fish. It is caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. It make huge economic loss on aquaculture industry every year.
This is a presentation about the culture and breeding aspects of Red Sea bream,Pagrus major (Chrysophrys major).This fish have high aquaculture Importance today because of its meat quality and high growth rate
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Fishing and aquaculture practices in India has a long history.
• Kautilya’s “Arthashasthra”(BC. 321-300) and King
Someswara’s “Manasoothra”(A.D1127) refer about the fish
cultural practices.
• In eastern India , hundreds of years ago the culturing of
fishes on small ponds was practiced.
• Brackish water aquaculture also an age old practice
• Comprises Bhery or Bhasa-badha fishery in West Bengal and
Pokkali shrimp farming in Kerala.
• These practices not use any additional knowledge and
Technologies rather than trapping of naturally breeded
juveniles of fishes and prawns.
3. CORRENTLY USED TRADITIONAL WAYS
• Three types
1. Paddy cultivation during rainy season (June-
September) followed by fish or shrimp
culture. eg: Pokkali
2. Fish or Prawn culture through out the year.
This is on deep fields on eastern India
3. Paddy come fish culture. Mainly on W. Bengal
and Goa.
4. BHERY CULTURE OR BHASA-BADHA
FISHERIES
• Traditional practices on W.Bengal
• The low laying areas of Sunderben region.
• Bheries : They are chiefly large perenial water bodies
• surrounded by earthen dykes which are constructed by
borrowing earth form the trenches excavated inside the
bheries near the toe line of the dykes.
• The bheries are deeper and larger in extent than the pokkali
fields of Kerala.
• These fields have sluices on marginal bandhs.
• During high tide the sea water enters to the fields but at low
tide the water flow back through sluices which are covered
with screen made up by bamboo slates.
• The screen prevent the escaping of fish or shrimp juvaniles.
5. • The juveniles on Bheries grow using the organic
matter and planktons on sea water and without
use any external feeds.
• The water on the fields continuously replenished
by the tidal water flow.
• The fish or shrimp grow up to marketable size
harvested.
• The stocking of fishes done on during the months
of January to February.
• In Bhery culture system the productivity is 168-
672kg/Ha/Yr.
6. POKKALI
• The pokkali culture also similar one
• Pokkali fields are less deeper than bheries and
in these the rice and prawns are cultured.
• Pokkali is a localy available high salinity
tolerant rice variety.
• In Pkkali fields, thesoil is stiff and impervious
clay, rich in organic matter as deposits of
plants and shells.
• Paddy cultivated on June-October.
7.
8. PADDY CULTURE
• The peripheral bundhs are strengthened by
planting mangroves, or using bamboo slates
and splitted coconut stakes during monsoon.
• The fresh rain water drain out the salts and
reduce salinity, on this fields the paddy is
cultivated.
• the rice is harvested on october to November.
9. SHRIMP CULTURE
• The traditional shrimp farming on pokkali fields are called
'Chemmeen Vattu‘, ‘Chemmeen Kettu' or 'Adappu' .
• After harvesting rice, the bundhs( or sluices) are opened. So the
sea water enters to the fields. This fields used for shrimp culture.
• For culturing, the bundhs separating the fields are strengthened
and the inflow and outflow of the water regulated through sluice
gates.
• The stocking of the field is done by the incoming tidal water.
• Water is let in Water is let in during high tide and let out
during low tide keeping a close bamboo screen at the mouth
of the sluice to prevent the shrimp from escaping.
• The seed thus entered into the field is allowed to grow for a
short period by feeding on the natural food available.
• The stock is harvest when it reaches to marketable size.
10. Chemmeen kettu
• After harvesting the stock there is a celebration called
“kettukalakkal”. In which all peoples related to the area come
and fishing on the shrimp cultural pond
12. CONCLUSION
• India has a long history on aqua culture.
• The main age old aquaculture practices are
pokkali with chemmeenkeetu in kerala and
bhery fisheries in W.Bengal
• Traditional practices have low productivity but
the culture coast is very low
• Nowadays also these type of fish cultuaral
practices are followed in some areas.