Setting an aquarium is an important steps to maintaining healthy ornamental fishes. It gives mind relaxation and peaceful. It is a hobby and reduces the stress also
Fish culture is classified based on the number of fish species as monoculture and polyculture. This is the culture of single species of fish in a pond or tank. The culture of trout, tilapia, catfish , carps are typical examples of monoculture.
Setting an aquarium is an important steps to maintaining healthy ornamental fishes. It gives mind relaxation and peaceful. It is a hobby and reduces the stress also
Fish culture is classified based on the number of fish species as monoculture and polyculture. This is the culture of single species of fish in a pond or tank. The culture of trout, tilapia, catfish , carps are typical examples of monoculture.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
NFDB, MPEDA, NABARD, FFDA,Financial supporting for the Development of Fisheries dependent livelihood and enhancement of selfish sufficient fish food production for increasing food security, fish food for health life.
Fish farming is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, salmon, tilapia and catfish.
There is an increasing demand for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. Fish farming offers fish marketers another source. However, farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO in 2008 totalled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion.
Specific types of fish farms[edit source | editbeta]
Within intensive and extensive aquaculture methods, there are numerous specific types of fish farms; each has benefits and applications unique to its design.
Cage system[edit source | editbeta]
Giant gourami is often raised in cages in central Thailand
Fish cages are placed in lakes, bayous, ponds, rivers or oceans to contain and protect fish until they can be harvested. The method is also called "off-shore cultivation[7] " when the cages are placed in the sea. They can be constructed of a wide variety of components. Fish are stocked in cages, artificially fed, and harvested when they reach market size. A few advantages of fish farming with cages are that many types of waters can be used (rivers, lakes, filled quarries, etc.), many types of fish can be raised, and fish farming can co-exist with sport fishing and other water uses. Cage farming of fishes in open seas is also gaining popularity. Concerns of disease, poaching, poor water quality, etc., lead some to believe that in general, pond systems are easier to manage and simpler to start. Also, past occurrences of cage-failures leading to escapes, have raised concern regarding the culture of non-native fish species in open-water cages. Even though the cage-industry has made numerous technological advances in cage construction in recent years, the concern for escapes remains valid.
Main article: Copper alloys in aquaculture
Recently, copper alloys have become important netting materials in aquaculture. Copper alloys are antimicrobial, that is, they destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and other microbes. In the marine environment, the antimicrobial/algaecidal properties of copper alloys prevent biofouling, which can briefly be described as the undesirable accumulation, adhesion, and growth of microorganisms, plants, algae, tube worms, barnacles, mollusks, and other organisms.
S.S. Presents
Made By Siddhartha Satyakama.
Climate smart Aquaculture of GIFT Tilapia for nutritional security and liveli...B. BHASKAR
Genetically improved farmed Tilapia, climate smart Aquaculture, Different farming systems for GIFT Tilapia farming, Fish pond, Biofloc farming technology (BFT), Cage culture, Recirculatory Aquaculture system (RAS), STC
The purpose of this manual is to help trainers provide training-cum-demonstration support on fish pond management techniques. It can be used to teach farmers the concepts, skills and practices of good pond management that are vital for producing economically feasible yields and solving pond management problems.
In addition, this manual is useful as a quick-reference and self-help guide for fishery facilitators, fish farmers and extension workers. It is designed to arouse the interest of fish farmers and the general public, thereby stimulating greater investment in fish farming. This simple training and demonstration manual has the potential to greatly improve the practices of fish farmers and help promote rapid rural aquaculture development.
Successstory of a Gujarat Inland wetland farmer by Bhaskar.pdfB. BHASKAR
Inland open water wetlands are Potential source for culture based capture fisheries, a success story of small scale wetland farmer of Gujarat, Inland Fishes and prawns
Major Ornamental fish Exporters contact details in India by BB. BHASKAR
Major Ornamental fishes and plants exporters registered contact details in East and West coast states of India. mission Ornamental fisheries,
List of state wise Public aquariums, Indigenous Fresh water and Marine water ornamental fish aquarium, and ornaments brood bank capital and operational cost for set up and for promoting ornamental fish farming for small scale livelihoods and entrepreneurs
IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN SUPPORTING LIFE ON THE PLANET By B.pptxB. BHASKAR
2024 World water day theme: Water for peace.
World water resources, its percentage share in human & other animals body, health maintenance, agricultural production sector for achieving food security, industrial sector, poverty alleviation. World prospects on water use efficiency & saving water quality for drinking, food production & other applications through responsible uses
Threatned Sharks Rays and Chaimera along Arabian sea By B.pptxB. BHASKAR
Introduction about sharks, Rays and Chaimeras, Fishery exploitation status along Arabian Sea waters, present threatened families of sharks, Rays and Chaimeras
Fish stem cells and their applications by BB. BHASKAR
Different types of stem cells in humans and Fishes, importance and Application of fish stem cells in Aquaculture, conservation and fish health healing mechanism, UV-rays protection and other intigrated uses of stem cells for industrial purpose, fish cell culture
Fishes unique care wishes on occasion of valentine's day wishesB. BHASKAR
Loving beautiful fishes also caring youngones. Male fishes Show their love in care by bearing female fishes parental care risk.
male fishes only pairing with single females fishes throughout its lifespan and guards their eggs by incubation during birth till hatching out
Lobster breeding seedproduction and rearing and fattening in CagesB. BHASKAR
Commercially important exploited Lobster species of India, Breeding, seed production, larval rearing and nursery rearing, pit culture and open sea cage culture of lobsters, cost economic of lobster Aquaculture, water quality & feeding management, SWOT Analysis in experimental lobster farming. Constraints and Recommendations
Continents of the world and FAO fishing areas, Ocean fisheries and coastal countries, large seas, marine capture fisheries production of the world major fishing areas, generals, and species.
Past to present fish Seed production in India ln states, UTs and Indian major carps brood stock maintainace, breeding, maturation stages, embryonic developmental stages, fish spawn, Fry, Quality checking, Quarantine principle for seed quality.
Dams Impacts on environment with special focus on Wild Fisheries.pptxB. BHASKAR
Major Indian Rivers and their Dams
Species diversity reported along streches of Rivers, Dams impacts on capture fisheries due to habitat alterations, world scenario of Dams impacts
Fish Products Exporters registered under MPEDA in India by B.pdfB. BHASKAR
Address and contact details of Fish and Fishery products Exporters from different states and UT's registered under Marine products Export development Authority (MPEDA)of India, helpful for interested Aqua farmers, entrepreneurs interested for export of seafood and professionals awareness
Introduction to Riverine systems in India, Origin hills, East and West coast riverine systems, tributaries of major rivers, length, catchment areas and Ichthyo-faunal diversity and major fisheries of riverine systems
Efficient utilization of Fish waste.pptxB. BHASKAR
Introduction to fish waste, % of fish body parts and their by products potential valuable applications. Utilization of Shell fishes waste, smart sensors in detection, AI application in valorize of big data fish reducing fish waste
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
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In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
2. Introduction
• Ornamental fishes really are nature's wonderful
creation. Ornamental fish keeping is the second most
• preferred hobby in the world and the number of
hobbyists for ornamental fish keeping is rising day by
day
• because it provides a great opportunity for
entrepreneurship development and income
generation. There are
• a number of promotional schemes from various
government agencies, which would boost up aspiring
• entrepreneurs. The technology is quite simple and
easy to take up and attain success.
3. PREREQISITES FOR ORNAMENTAL FISH
CULTURE
• The success of ornamental fish culture greatly
depends on the location and layout of the unit
with adopting proper management protocols in
the breeding and rearing.
• The basic necessities are like plenty of fresh water
quality brood stock and uninterrupted electric
supply. For this reason, one has to plan
meticulously while establishing an ornamental
unit.
•
4. • For small scale culture a minimum of 500 sq.ft land area is required where the farmer can
construct few rectangular concrete tanks.
• For big projects more than 1ha land area is required and a numbers of earthen ponds
required in addition to cement tanks for the culture of koi carp, catfish, gourami and
barbs.
• A shade facility is required above the cement tanks and anti-bird nets are required above
the earthen ponds for breeding and rearing of ornamental fishes.
• Sufficient water and electricity supply at the breeding and rearing units are important.
• Selection of the quality brooder is the most important aspect for the success of the unit.
• Some species reproduce in soft acidic water, while a few others prefer hard alkaline
water to breed.
• Livebearers usually prefer to breed in hard alkaline water, while fishes like Angel, Discus,
Tetra, Oscar and Loaches prefer soft acidic water.
• But other egg bearers like goldfish, danio, catfish, rosy barb, and fighter fish can tolerate
a wide range of water.
• Bio-filter is essential for proper water quality management in the production unit.
• To increase breeding viability, avoid breeding of same fish for more than 2 years. Instead
of that, fishes must be collected for far different places.
• Farm made aqua pellets can be prepared by using different agricultural byproducts, for
which a small pelletizer is required. The farmer can also use the commercial fish/prawn
feed available in the market.
• Live food like Zooplankton, Tubifex, Blood worms, Chopped Earthworms etc. are also
very much essential for brood fishes and larvae.
5. • For proper marketing of fish, better communication facility (roadways/ rail/
airport) is required nearby to the farm.
• Constant touch with small, middle, or large traders will benefit the farmer
in marketing of his product.
• Prospective farmers can avail training and new methods demonstration to
get knowledge about the new know-how in their respective field of interest
and expertise.
• Integrated units like Ornamental fish- vermicompost, Vegetable cultivation/
backyard kitchen garden, Aquaponics can be adopted for better profit.
• Few concrete and glass tanks are to be constructed at the entry of all fish
farms for proper observation and quarantine before adding to the existing
stocks.
• Any unappealing situations like mass mortality or unidentified signs and
symptoms among farmed fish must be attended immediately by taking
advice for a specialist.
• Highly alkaline or iron containing water must be avoided as many fish
don't breed in such water
6. For beginners in ornamental fish breeding
and farming
• For beginners in ornamental fish breeding and
farming
• For beginners in ornamental fish breeding and farming,
training on the subject is a prerequisite which will help
to gain knowledge and market potential.
• It is always better to begin with the livebearers like
Guppy, Platy, Swordtail and Molly (as they breed
easily) and after acquiring some experience, they can
attempt for breeding and rearing of egg layers like Koi
carp, gourami, goldfish, barbs, fighter fish etc.
• It is always advised for a farmer to be master on a
single species than venturing in to many species as
they require different management practice.
7. CIFA technologies for ornamental fish culture
• CIFA technologies for ornamental fish culture
• CIFA has successfully bred and standardized the successful rearing of 16 indigenous ornamental
species from NEH, Eastern and Southern Western ghat region comprising barbs, danios, rasboras,
catfish and chameleon fish.
• Recent achievement of captive breeding technology of an endangered fish Dawkinsia
tamraparneii has been successful at CIFA leading to commercial production.
• Development of”Shining barb” through selection process is one of the major achievement and in
ornamental fish industry, now under field trial with a private company at Udaipur, Rajasthan.
• Development of CIFACURE, a medicine for controlling fungal and bacterial diseases is gaining the
momentum in many states of India.
• CIFA is playing major role for conducting research and training programmes on freshwater
ornamental fish breeding and culture in the country by conducting several national level training
programmes both in and off-campus comprising more than 2000 participants from all over the
country.
• In addition to that many farmers also visit CIFA regularly for exposure to this area.
• Development of “ornamental fish village” through community participation is also another area of
success.
• CIFA scientists regularly facilitates the new entrepreneurs in the development of viable business plans
to establish ornamental units.
• There are several governmental incentives and subsidies to start ornamental fish farming. NFDB
provides 50% subsidy for establishing ornamental fish breeding and culture farms.
• Hence a farmer can prosper more in this direction by availing the supports laid by the Government.