history of aquaculture, Egyptian’s interest in fish culture,The Roman’s interest in keeping fish,The classic of fish culture by Chinese,Fish culture in Indo -China,Fish Culture in India,Coastal Aquaculture,Farming of fish weeds.
1. Aquaculture – An Introduction
2.The development process
3.Major classification of aquaculture
4.Aqua farming in India… Types
5.Recent trends and status of freshwater fishculture technology in India
6.Indian freshwater fisheries
7.Available technology
8.The production processes
9.Composite fish culture
10.Trends in fish consumption and its impact on the fish production
11.Availability of fish and fishery products
12.Factors influencing the consumption
13.Trends in fish consumption
The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions.
9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish
Orangethroat Darter.
Three-Spined Stickleback.
Orange-Spotted Sunfish.
Diamond Sturgeon.
Siberian Sturgeon.
Sterlet.
Fathead Minnow.
Southern redbelly dace.
Tench.
Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in …
Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium …
Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb …
Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin .
Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.
Modern developments in transport technology are from two levels; one is from an understanding of internal physiological mechanisms of the fish and the optimal requirements, ensuring maximum survival of fish under transport and the other is from a study of the environmental parameters of the medium in which fish are transported. Under anaesthesia fish can be transported without water even, provided the skin and gills are kept moist under low temperature. The cryopreservation of fish sperm for use at any convenient time can be referred to here, though this would concern seed production more directly than live seed transport.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
1. Aquaculture – An Introduction
2.The development process
3.Major classification of aquaculture
4.Aqua farming in India… Types
5.Recent trends and status of freshwater fishculture technology in India
6.Indian freshwater fisheries
7.Available technology
8.The production processes
9.Composite fish culture
10.Trends in fish consumption and its impact on the fish production
11.Availability of fish and fishery products
12.Factors influencing the consumption
13.Trends in fish consumption
The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions.
9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish
Orangethroat Darter.
Three-Spined Stickleback.
Orange-Spotted Sunfish.
Diamond Sturgeon.
Siberian Sturgeon.
Sterlet.
Fathead Minnow.
Southern redbelly dace.
Tench.
Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in …
Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium …
Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb …
Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin .
Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.
Modern developments in transport technology are from two levels; one is from an understanding of internal physiological mechanisms of the fish and the optimal requirements, ensuring maximum survival of fish under transport and the other is from a study of the environmental parameters of the medium in which fish are transported. Under anaesthesia fish can be transported without water even, provided the skin and gills are kept moist under low temperature. The cryopreservation of fish sperm for use at any convenient time can be referred to here, though this would concern seed production more directly than live seed transport.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters, and mussels and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins).
Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters, and mussels and cephalopods such as octopus and squid), crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, crabs, and lobster), and echinoderms (e.g. sea cucumbers and sea urchins).
The history of agriculture is the story of how humans transformed wild plants and animals into domesticated ones for their benefit. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the world, and involved a diverse range of species. The development of agriculture about 12,000 years ago changed the way humans lived, as they switched from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to permanent settlements and farming
Some of the earliest crops that were domesticated include wheat, barley, peas, lentils, chickpeas, and flax in the Levant; rice, soybeans, and azuki beans in China; potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts, and coca in South America; sorghum, millet, yams, and cowpeas in Africa; and teff and coffee in Ethiopia1. Some of the earliest animals that were domesticated include pigs, sheep, cattle, and camels in Mesopotamia and Turkey; llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs in South America; and sanga cattle in North-East Africa
Agriculture has evolved over time with the development of new technologies, techniques, and practices. Some of the major milestones in agricultural history include the British agricultural revolution in the 18th century, which introduced crop rotation, selective breeding, and mechanization; the Green Revolution in the 20th century, which increased crop yields through the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and high-yielding varieties; and the biotechnology revolution in the 21st century, which introduced genetically modified crops, precision agriculture, and vertical farming
The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Neolithic age, some 9000 years ago, when early cultivation of plants and domestication of crops and animals began in the north-western part of the subcontinent. Wheat, barley, and jujube were some of the first crops that were grown by the ancient farmers
Over time, Indian agriculture diversified and expanded to include rice, millets, pulses, cotton, sugarcane, spices, fruits, vegetables, and livestock. Indian agriculture also developed various techniques and practices such as irrigation, crop rotation, fertilization, pest control, seed selection, and storage. Indian agriculture was influenced by various factors such as geography, climate, culture, religion, trade, and politics13.
Indian agriculture underwent significant changes after independence in 1947. The government introduced various reforms and policies to improve agricultural productivity, such as land reforms, cooperative movements, agricultural research and extension, subsidies, credit facilities, minimum support prices, public distribution system, green revolution, white revolution, blue revolution, and biotechnology revolution. These initiatives helped India achieve food security, self-sufficiency, and export surplus in many agricultural commoditie
It’s in Our Treaty the Right to Whale1 By Jovana .docxAASTHA76
It’s in Our Treaty: the Right to Whale1
By
Jovana J. Brown,2 The Evergreen State College
Abstract: The Makah people have lived on the northwest part of the Olympic Peninsula
for thousands of years and utilized the bounty of the seas. Their historical tradition of
whaling can be traced back at least 1,500 years. When they signed the Treaty of Neah
Bay in 1855 the Makah reserved the right to hunt whales. The Makah Nation resumed
this whaling tradition in 1999 by harvesting a gray whale. Since this successful hunt the
Tribe has had to continue to confront and overcome many involved legal and political
obstacles to continue hunting whales. This case details the Makah’s continuing efforts to
resume whaling.
A Tradition of Whaling
The northwest Olympic Peninsula, in what is now Washington State, has been the home
of the Makah people for well over 2,000 years. With a homeland adjoining the Straits of
San Juan De Fuca which connects the Puget Sound with the Pacific Ocean, they have
always lived from the wealth of the sea. The marine riches of the area provided for the
Makahs’ spiritual and physical needs (Collins, p. 180). Whaling was central to the Tribe’s
way of life. The Makah people hunted gray, humpback, finback and right whales
(Renker, 2007, p. 11). Whaling was not only an essential subsistence and commercial
activity for the Makah, but it also “formed one of the most important organizing aspects
of Makah culture” (Firestone and Lilley, p. 10766).
Both archeological and written evidence of the Makah’s history of whaling exists in
abundance. When the historical Makah village of Ozette was excavated in the early
1970’s evidence of their tradition as a whaling people was uncovered. Archeological
evidence shows that the Makah practiced whale hunting for subsistence purposes for at
least 1,500 years. Renker states: “Documented use of whale products for subsistence
purposes extends another 750 years before this date, since Makahs used drift and stranded
whales long before hunting technology developed”(Renker, 2007, p. 4).3 Europeans
coming to the Pacific Northwest coast in the early 1800’s left written commentaries about
Makah whale hunting (Renker, 2007, p.13). James Swan served as a school teacher on
the Makah Reservation in the early 1860’s. In his Indians of Cape Flattery he states:
“The principle subsistence of the Makahs is drawn from the ocean, and is formed of
nearly all its products, the most important of which are the whale and halibut” (p. 19).
T.T. Waterman also describes Makah whaling in detail in his 1920 The Whaling
1 Copyright held by The Evergreen State College. Please use appropriate attribution when using and
quoting this case. Cases are available at the Native Cases website at www.evergreen.edu/tribal/cases.
Thanks to Dr. Ann Renker for her careful review and comments, and to Debbie Ross-Pre.
What is Healthcare?How Healthcare delivered ?Types of Healthcare:(i) Primary Healthcare:
(ii) Secondary Healthcare:
(iii) Tertiary Healthcare:
if you like my work follow me on linkedIn
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Eid ul Adha necessary health precautions to keep in mind,1. Red Meat consumption in Eid ul Adha,2. Lessen fried items intake,3. Avoid frizzy drinks,4. Increase consumption of Fruits and Salads,5. Walking routine during Eid ul Adha.
What is Bushfire ?Bushfires in Australia,Why are there bushfires in Australia?What conditions lead to extreme fire weather?Victorian Bushfires fast facts,What causes bushfires?Why do bushfires spread?What controls fire behaviour?
Types of data sampling,probability sampling and non-probability sampling,Simple random sampling,Systematic sampling,Stratified sampling,Clustered sampling,Convenience sampling,Quota sampling,Judgement (or Purposive) Sampling,Snowball sampling,Bias in sampling.
Identification of Indian Major Carps,Catla catla (catla), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus cirrhosus (mrigal),Chinese Major carps , Grass, silver, bighead, and black carp , OTHER COMMON SPECIES OF PAKISTAN, Trout, Salmon, Tilapia
Gains due to bacteria, Food processing,Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Fibre retting
Pest control
Bioremediation
Digestion
Tanning Of Leather
Medicines.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
The Evolution of Science Education PraxiLabs’ Vision- Presentation (2).pdfmediapraxi
The rise of virtual labs has been a key tool in universities and schools, enhancing active learning and student engagement.
💥 Let’s dive into the future of science and shed light on PraxiLabs’ crucial role in transforming this field!
3. Aquaculture:
Refers to all form of culture of aquatic animals ie,fish, shrimp,
shell fish in fresh, brackish and marine environments.
Objectives:
To create employment opportunities.
To uplift socio-economic status of people.
To earn foreign exchange.
To boost national economy by way of increasing per capita
production for per capita consumption and per capita income.
4. History of aquaculture
The first fish pond:
4000 years ago first identifiable fish ponds were built by
Sumerians in their tamples followed by Assyrians and
other races.
Anciant Sumerians kept wild –caught fish in ponds,before
preparing them for meals.
5. Egyptian’s interest in fish culture:
Ancient Egyptian tomb picture has Tilapia on it.
Egyptians have mummified important species
7. The Roman’s interest in keeping fish
Marcus Terentius Varro in De re rustica wrote about two
kinds of fish ponds,owned by wealthy aristocrats(who
used them entertain guest).
Red Mullet was favored as the color changes of dying
fish were admired before the fish were cooked and
eaten.
8. Cont….
Moray Eel were decorated with jewellery and fed on
unwanted and errant slaves.
9. The classic of fish culture by Chinese:
“Classic of fish culture”(500BC) was written by Fan Lei (politician turned fish
culturist), where he cited that his pond were the source of wealth.
In 1243 A.D. Chow Milt of sung Dynasty and Heu in 1639A.D. –described collection
of carp fry from rivers and methods of rearing.
Earliest form of fish culture in china was that of Common carp , Cyprinus carpio(a
Native of china)
Common name of C.carpio in Chinese is Lee, which was the name of Tang Dynasty
Emperor ‘Lee’.
11. Chinese found other fishes ie. Chinese
carps;
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
Silver carp (Hypopohthalmichthys molitrix)
Big head carp (Aristichthys nobilis)
Mud carp (Cirrhina molitorella)
Culturing of thses fishes togather leads to polyculture.
12.
13. Fish culture in Indo -China
Fish culture system is called ‘pen’ and ‘cage’ culture of
catfish originated in Cambodia.
Flow through culture from fry to market size was
developed through artificial feeding.
14. Fish Culture in India
In India fish culture practice comes from writing of
Kautilya’s Arthshastra(321-300 BC)
King Someswara of Chanakya Dynasty described the
method of fattening the fish in ponds in work titled
Mansoltara.
After a long period of silence collection and
transportation of carp spawn from rivers and stocking
ponds was developed traditionally in Bengal, Bihar and
Orrisa by the end of 19 century.
Dr.Sunder Lal Hora helps in development of fish culture
in Bengal.
15. Cont…
India council of Agriculture Research (ICAR); started fisheries
research scheme by state government and universities on different
aspects of Fish culture.There occur establishment of various research
station.
Central Inland Fisheries Research Station (CIFRI),Barrackpore,
West Bengal in 1947,
Pond culture substation of institute was started at Cuttak,Orrida,
1949.
The technique of inducce breeding, develeoped by H. Chaudhari
and K. H. Alikunhi in 1957 to induce india major carps to induce
in confined waters.
After 1970s there occur use of second generation techniques
including mammalian hormones steroids, antiestrogens,
prostaglandins to make cultivated species spawn for seed
production.
16. Culture of exotic fish in India and other
continents
Cyprinus carpio: most extensively cultivated fish
Hypophthalmicthys molitrix originated from China and
Samur Basin,Russia has been introduced in – Taiwan,
Thiland, Malysia,Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan
,Nepal,Sindapore , Israel.
In India first ever fingerlings of silver carp was brought
from Japan in 1959.
Grass carp was brought to CIFRI IN 1972.
17. Coastal Aquaculture
The oldest form of ‘Coastal Aquculture’ is Oyester
Farming by the early Romans,Greeks, Japanese.
These animals which are now being cultivated are
shrimp,lobsters, oyesters and clams.
18. Farming of fish weeds
Recent origin
He earliest refrence about sea weed culture appear to
have published in Japan (1952).
Edible sea weeds expand consdirably in Korea,Taiwan
and China.
In Philipines and Hawaii, several sp.of Algae are
regularly eaten.
Several sp. Of sea weeds contain Gelatin, used for the
prepration of James and Jellies.