Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is a zoonotic disease spread through contact with cat feces or infected meat, and can cause mild to severe effects in humans and animals. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving cats as the definitive host and shedding oocysts, and intermediate hosts such as humans, livestock, and birds where it forms cysts in tissues. Diagnosis is through serological tests and treatment involves antimalarial and antibiotic drugs.

2. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the
toxoplasma
This disease is zoonotic in nature
It is acquired by the contact with cats or
their feces
This infection may have mild or
devastating effects

3. The genus toxoplasma has a single specie
Toxoplasma Gondii
IDENTIFICATION
Oocyst of toxoplasma is found in faeces of
cats i-e unsporulated and of 12x10um in size
 Then it is sporulated within 1-5 days
Oocyst contain two sporocyst
1. Each sporocyst contain 4 sporozoites

4. Cat is important host
Site s is schizonts and gamont s in small
intestine.
Intermidiate Host
Mammals including man and birds.
Sites includes tachyzoites and
bradyzoites in liver muscle and lungs.

5. Shizonts
It is found mainly in jejunum and ilium
Is size is of 4-15um in diameter
Gamonts
Most commonly in ilium
Size is 10um in diameter
Tachyzoites
It is found in fibroblast,hepatocytes.
Its size of about 6-8um in diameter

6. Most cats become infected by ingesting
the rodents whose tissues contain the
tachyzoites
The cyst wall will be digested in cat’s
stomach
Intestinal epithelium liberated
bradyzoites intiate cycle of shizogonous and
gametogonous
Oocysts are shed for 1-2 weeks.

7. Then tachyzoites and bradyzoites
proceeds as intermidiate hosts
In this sporulated oocyts are ingested by
mammal and liberated sporozoites rapidly
penetrated intestinal wall and this stage is
called tachyzoites
Then on entering into cell it multiplies
asexually by process of budding called
endodygoney
Due to invasiveness of trachyzoites results
in formation of cysts containig thousand of
organism and this stage called bradyzoites

8. Infection occur by ingestion of
tachyzoites and bradyzoites in flesh of
intermediate hosts.
In this way human and carnivores
acquires infection by eating raw meat.
Distribution
All over the world.

9. Cats:
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Changes in CNS
Dogs:
Fever
Anorexia
Diarrhoea

10. Ruminants:
Fever
Nervous sign
Abortion
Man:
Myocarditis
Encephalitis
Low grade fever

11. Serological examination
By performing ELISA test
Treatment
Combination of pyrimethanmine
(anitimalarial drug) and Sulphadiazine
Spiramycin (human)
Clindamycin (cat)

12. By adopting hygienic measure
Proper disposal of feaces
By using vaccine