Immunity against prtozoan diaseases
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The document summarizes immunity against various protozoan diseases. It discusses that immunity against protozoa depends on the location of the parasite, with humoral immunity most effective for bloodstream parasites and cell-mediated responses for intracellular parasites. Effector cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils can kill protozoa and worms. Immunity against specific protozoa involves both innate and acquired responses, including antibodies, B cells, plasma cells, memory cells, macrophages, NK cells, cytokines and effector T cells playing roles in protection.
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Immunity against prtozoan diaseases
- 1. Presented by; 14-ARID-2022 PMAS FAISAL SHAHZAD SOMROO Presented to; Dr. Murtaz-ul-Hassan IMMUNITY AGAINST PROTOZOAN DISEASES
- 2. Protozoa Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms, many of which are motile. Originally, protozoa had been defined as unicellular protists with animal-like behavior, e.g., movement
- 3. Protozoa and important diseases in animals • Babesia:………….. …..Babesiosis (Ratt Mootra) Theleria ………………Theleriosis Trypnosoma ………….trypnosomiasis (surra, sleeping sickness, chaga’s disease) Plasmodium………… Malaria Leishmania…………Leishmaniasis (kaala azar, dum dum fever) Toxoplasma gondii …..Toxoplasmosis Coccidia………………..Coccidiosis Amoeba ………. Amoebiasis Amoebic dysentery Giardia lamblia…..Giardiasis (dysentery) Trichomonas ………..Trichomoniasis Histomonas …………Histomoniasis (Black head disease)
- 4. Immunity Immunity Is the body's ability to fight off harmful micro-organisms –pathogens- that invade it. The immune system produces antibodies or cells that can deactivate pathogens.
- 5. Immune response (general) Humoral immunity Interaction of antigen to B-cells activate and produce plasma cells and memory cells. Plasma cells produce antibodies which bind to antigen and facilitate elimination from body. Cell Mediated immunity Antigen bind to T-cells and produce effectors T- cell and memory t-cells.
- 6. Con……… Effector cells produce T helper cell These cells secrete cytokines which activate different phagocytic ells Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Involved in killing of self altered cells e.g tumor cells
- 7. General mechanism of immunity against protozoal diseases. Type of immune response that develops depends (in part) on the location of the parasite in the host. Bloodstream: humoral antibody most effective Intracellular: cell-mediated immune reactions Host resistance depends upon a number of mechanisms. Effector cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets can kill both protozoa and worms.
- 8. Cont..
- 9. Coccidia Cryptosporidium infection. These phenomenon could also contribute to the secretory process via cytokines and neurohormones. For example, macrophages secreting tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) or other cytokines may stimulate fibroblasts and other cells in the lamina propria to secrete prostoglandins (PGE) and other products (eg., reactive oxygen intermediates). These products may then promote secretion and impair absorption. Against Cryptosporidium infection
- 10. Cont…. Cell-mediated immunity appears to be the major component of the immune response in eliminating the infection as evidenced by the correlation between lower CD4+ T-cells and the risk and severity of cryptosporidiosis. Interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are involved in protection
- 11. Trypanosomes Humoral immune response. B cells Plasma cells Memory cells Antibodies are produced. IgG and IgM Lysis or agglutination of trypanosomes.
- 12. Bebesia
- 13. Babesia Requires both innate and acquired responses. Activation of macrophages, leading to enhanced phagocytosis and production of toxic oxygen and nitrogen radicals, and activation of NK cells. Passively administered immune serum or a mixture of IgG1 and IgG2 provided protection against homologous B. bovis challenge