This document provides guidance on reading and interpreting various types of x-rays. It addresses x-rays of the mastoids, paranasal sinuses, nasal bones, nasopharynx, esophagus, trachea, and other areas. Key questions are provided for each type of x-ray to help understand what is shown, how to identify common findings and diagnoses, and how conditions should be managed. The goal is to equip radiologists and other medical professionals with the knowledge to properly analyze x-rays and utilize the images to facilitate patient care.

1. Dr. Juveria Majeed,
MS ENT

2. How to Read an X Ray??
 Plain Xray or
Contrast?
 Which part?
 What is the view?
 Findings?
 Provisional Diagnosis?
 Management of the
condition?

3. Xray Mastoids

5.  Plain xray mastoids rt and left.
 Schullers view
 Showing cellularity of mastoid air
cells on rt and sclerosis on left.
 Ch. Left mastoiditis
 Mastoid exploration.

6.  Why do you take X ray mastoids? What are
the advantages of taking X ray mastoids?
 What are the views for temporal bone?
 Which is the common view for mastoids?
 What are the various types of mastoids?
 What is mastoiditis? Coalescent mastoiditis?
 How do you manage it?
 Advantages of CT Mastoids over xrays?
FAQs

7. X Ray Para Nasal Sinus

9.  Plain X ray Para
nasal sinuses
 Waters view
showing haziness
in the left
maxillary
sinusitis.

10.  What are the views for PNS?
 What is the view with open mouth? Open
mouth is for what?
 What is the other name for waters view?
 What is the other view to see frontal sinusitis?
 Air fluid level is seen in _____ sinusitis where as
complete haziness is seen in chronic sinusitis.
 What is the treatment for acute sinusitis?
 What is the treatment for chronic sinusitis?
 Destruction of the walls of the sinuses is seen in
1. 2.
FAQs

11. X Ray Nasal Bones

14.  Plain X ray Skull Lateral View R
and L showing fracture.
 Diagnosis: #Nasal Bones.
 Treatment : Correction under GA.

15.  Classify fractures of the face?
 What are symptoms and signs of
fracture nasal bones?
 Lateral view Rt and Lt. why?
 What are the complications of # ?
 What is open book fracture?
 What is closed and open reduction?
FAQs

16. ???

17.  Plain X Ray Skull
 Lateral View
 Showing soft tissue
shadow in the roof and
posterior wall of
nasopharynx.
 For Adenoid
hypertrophy
 Occluding the airway
 Ch. Adenoiditis

18.  What are the symptoms of Acute and
Chronic Adenoiditis?
 What is adenoid facies?
 How do you manage Chronic
Adenoiditis?
 What is crescent sign? How AC
polyp/masses/tumors of nasopharynx
differentiated from adenoid hypertrophy?
 Management of adenoid hypertrophy?
FAQs

19. { {
Fig 1
Fig 2

20. { {
Fig 1
 Plain X Ray neck ,
chest and abdomen
AP view.
 Showing a round
radio opaque foreign
body in the
esophagus.
 Probably a coin.
Fig 2
 Plain X Ray neck
Lateral view.
 Showing edge on
view in lateral view
suggesting of FB in
oesophagus (in
contrast to FB
trachea)
Foreign Body Oesophagus (Coin)

24. Foreign Body Trachea

27.  How to differentiate FBs of oesophagus from
trachea?
 What are the common FBs in the food passages?
 Complications of FBs?
 How it is managed?
 Management of FBs in air passages?
 Indications of O’scopy and Bronchoscopy
 Complications of O’scopy and Bronchoscopy?
FAQs

28. Achalasia Cardia
 Contrast X ray
showing
narrowed distal
end of
oesophagus( bird
beak appearance)
 Proximal dilated
part above.

29. Ca. Oesophagus
 Contrast X ray –
Barium swallow.
 Showing Irregular
filling defects in the
middle 1/3rd of the
oesophagus.

30. THANK YOU!!!