4. Pharmacodynamic Properties
› Toltrazuril is an anticoccidial of the triazinetrione group, active against Eimeria spp.
› Toltrazuril induces changes in the fine structure of the developmental stages of
coccidia.
› These are caused primarily by swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi
apparatus, abnormal changes to the perinuclear space and disturbances in cell
division.
› Toltrazuril causes a decrease in the activity of respiratory chain enzymes in the
parasites.
5. Pharmacokinetic Particulars
› Toltrazuril undergoes at least 50% absorption in poultry.
› The highest concentrations are to be found in the liver and kidneys of the poultry.
› The active substance is broken down rapidly.
› The main metabolite is toltrazuril sulfone.
6. Cont. …
Parameter Unit First dose Second dose
t1/2β h 14.92 16.19•
Cmax (Calculated) µg/ml 6.56• 6.70•
Tmax (Calculated) h 2.56 2.59•
AUC0-24 µg.h/ml 88.58• 92.82•
AUC0-∞ µg.h/ml 131.65• 144.23•
MRT0-24 h 9.56• 9.72•
MRT0-∞ h 21.33• 23.14•
9. Indications
› For the treatment of coccidiosis in chickens and turkeys, caused by infections with
various species of Eimeria:
– Chickens: E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. tenella.
– Turkeys: E. adenoides and E. meleagrimitis.
10. Dosage and Administration
Dosage
› 7 mg Toltrazuril/kg body weight/day.
› 1 liter of product/ 3.5 ton of live body weight/day.
Equals to
› 0.28 ml of product/kg body weight/day.
Treatment duration
› 2 consecutive days.
› Continuously over 24 hours or for one period of 8 hours per day.
11. Overdose
› A reduction in drinking water intake may be the first sign of an overdose.
› This is observed only after an overdose with more than 10 times the recommended
dose.
14. Precautions
› Not authorized for use in poultry producing eggs for human consumption.
› Do not use in pullets beyond the 15th week of life.
15. Shelf life
› Shelf life after first opening the immediate packaging: 3 months
› After a prolonged storage period, yellow to yellow-brown discoloration of the solution
may occur, although this does not impair the quality of the product.
› Shelf life after dilution or reconstitution according to directions: 24 hours
AUC0–∞
Antibiotics Area under the concentration time-curves from time zero to infinity; which corresponds to a calculation of mean concentration levels of a therapeutic agent in the body.
The mean residence time (MRT) in pharmacokinetics is the average amount of time that a single molecule of drug stays in the body.