(1) Subclinical endometritis is a prevalent uterine disease affecting approximately 30% of dairy cows that can decrease fertility. It occurs when the uterus is inflamed without visible discharge. (2) Risk factors for subclinical endometritis include retained placenta, difficult births, and poor management practices around calving which allow infectious agents to enter the uterus. (3) Subclinical endometritis increases the number of services per conception and reduces milk yield and profitability through decreased reproductive performance and increased culling rates. Proper hygiene, diagnosis, and treatment are recommended to control its impact on dairy cow fertility and productivity.