Fowl typhoid is a septicemic acute or chronic disease of domesticated birds.
The disease is worldwide distributed and natural outbreaks occur in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, duckling and game birds such as quail, grouse and pheasant.
This can cause mortality in birds of any age.
Broiler parents and brown-shell egg layers are especially susceptible.
Fowl typhoid is a septicemic acute or chronic disease of domesticated birds.
The disease is worldwide distributed and natural outbreaks occur in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, duckling and game birds such as quail, grouse and pheasant.
This can cause mortality in birds of any age.
Broiler parents and brown-shell egg layers are especially susceptible.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Colibacillosis refers to any localized or systemic infection caused entirely or partly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), It manifests in diverse ways, including as acute fatal septicemia, subacute pericarditis, peritonitis, and cellulitis.
It is frequently associated with immunosuppressive diseases such as Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Gumboro Disease) in chickens or Haemorrhagic Enteritis in turkeys, or in young birds that are immunologically immature.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Colibacillosis refers to any localized or systemic infection caused entirely or partly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), It manifests in diverse ways, including as acute fatal septicemia, subacute pericarditis, peritonitis, and cellulitis.
It is frequently associated with immunosuppressive diseases such as Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Gumboro Disease) in chickens or Haemorrhagic Enteritis in turkeys, or in young birds that are immunologically immature.
This manual is a brief guide to preventing, diagnosing and controlling poultry diseases. All major poultry diseases are discussed in detail. The description of each disease includes information about its cause, the susceptibility of poultry species, ways the disease is transmitted, clinical signs and lesions, how the disease is diagnosed, and ways to treat it. There are colour photos to aid in disease identification. There is additional information on the nature and cause of disease and on sanitation practices, and a glossary of common terms. The book is fully indexed so that diseases can be found by both their formal and common names
note about Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumia a devastating disease of goats in Africa and Somalia in particular.
waa qoraal kusaabsan xanuun kamid ah xanuunada ugu badan ee ku dhaca xoolaha soomalida magiciisuna waa Sambab, geesa jebiye iyo kuwo kale.
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious infection of chickens and pheasants.
Inflammation of the larynx and trachea.
Result in severe production losses due to mortality and/or decreased egg production
Severe epizootic forms of infection are characterized by signs of respiratory depression, gasping (agonal respiration), expectoration of bloody mucus and high mortality
Mild forms of infection manifest variously as mucoid tracheitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis and low mortality
Genetic selection for disease resistance (animal breeding). اصلاح دامMohammad Ghaderzadeh
Mohammad Ghaderzadeh
Ph.D candidate in Animal Breeding & Genetics, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
انتخاب ژنتیکی برای مقاومت در دام و طیور
Since the European Union’s (EU) ban on the use of Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal feed in 2006, the need to find novel strategies to maintain and improve poultry gut health has become ever-important.
البوست ده عمل خيري ...
دي لينكات لمحاضرات في امراض وادوية الدواجن وكورسات التنمية البشرية ... جميع المحاضرات بصيغة بوربوينت
شير لعلها تكون المنجية لنا جميعا
This post is for charity ...
Links to PowerPoint presentations in poultry diseases, medications, and immunity in addition to soft skills courses
Share to benefit others
ادوية علاج الدواجن من المضادات الحيوية ومستخلصات الأعشاب
Poultry medications (antibiotics and herbal extracts)
Link to download more presentations in powerpoint
https://lnkd.in/gJGGnPY
امراض الدواجن البكتيرية والفيروسية واساسات التحصينات ومناعة الطيور
Poultry diseases, vaccination and immunity
Link to download presentations in powerpoint
https://lnkd.in/g2ef7DP
كورسات التنمية البشرية
Soft skills courses
Link to download presentations in powerpoint
https://lnkd.in/g8W7TYq
Presentations are continuously updated
المكتبة متجددة باستمرار
البوست ده عمل خيري ...
دي لينكات لمحاضرات في امراض وادوية الدواجن وكورسات التنمية البشرية ... جميع المحاضرات بصيغة بوربوينت
شير لعلها تكون المنجية لنا جميعا
This post is for charity ...
Links to PowerPoint presentations in poultry diseases, medications, and immunity in addition to soft skills courses
Share to benefit others
ادوية علاج الدواجن من المضادات الحيوية ومستخلصات الأعشاب
Poultry medications (antibiotics and herbal extracts)
Link to download more presentations in powerpoint
https://lnkd.in/gJGGnPY
امراض الدواجن البكتيرية والفيروسية واساسات التحصينات ومناعة الطيور
Poultry diseases, vaccination and immunity
Link to download presentations in powerpoint
https://lnkd.in/g2ef7DP
كورسات التنمية البشرية
Soft skills courses
Link to download presentations in powerpoint
https://lnkd.in/g8W7TYq
Presentations are continiously updated
المكتبة متجددة باستمرار
Seven Cs of Effective Communication_Life Time Example.pptxOssama Motawae
"عسى ان يكون علما ينتفع به"
Communication
دي لينكات لمحاضرات في امراض وادوية الدواجن وكورسات التنمية البشرية ... جميع المحاضرات بصيغة بوربوينت
ادوية علاج الدواجن من المضادات الحيوية ومستخلصات الأعشاب
Poultry medications (antibiotics and herbal extracts)
Link to download more presentations in PowerPoint
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1EtFtygmlvOYqjqpanRTIgoExIENd-YIB
امراض الدواجن البكتيرية والفيروسية واساسات التحصينات ومناعة الطيور
Poultry diseases, vaccination, and immunity
Link to download presentations in PowerPoint
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1znC0qeHMivV2ai4_IUweA-VTBQLJSVKu
كورسات التنمية البشرية
Soft skills courses
Link to download presentations in PowerPoint
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1R3CqcFO10bOyi1aRQx0WNSn6B5TMNMxu
Seven Cs of Effective Communication_Tips.pptxOssama Motawae
"عسى ان يكون علما ينتفع به"
Communication
"عسى ان يكون علما ينتفع به"
Communication
دي لينكات لمحاضرات في امراض وادوية الدواجن وكورسات التنمية البشرية ... جميع المحاضرات بصيغة بوربوينت
ادوية علاج الدواجن من المضادات الحيوية ومستخلصات الأعشاب
Poultry medications (antibiotics and herbal extracts)
Link to download more presentations in PowerPoint
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1EtFtygmlvOYqjqpanRTIgoExIENd-YIB
امراض الدواجن البكتيرية والفيروسية واساسات التحصينات ومناعة الطيور
Poultry diseases, vaccination, and immunity
Link to download presentations in PowerPoint
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1znC0qeHMivV2ai4_IUweA-VTBQLJSVKu
كورسات التنمية البشرية
Soft skills courses
Link to download presentations in PowerPoint
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1R3CqcFO10bOyi1aRQx0WNSn6B5TMNMxu
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
3. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
4. Introduction
Avian mycoplasmosis is caused by
several pathogenic mycoplasmas,
the most common are;
1. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)
2. M. synoviae (MS)
They are the only strains listed by
the OIE.
5. Cont. …
MG causes chronic respiratory disease CRD of domestic
poultry, especially in the presence of management stresses
and/or other respiratory pathogens.
MS may cause respiratory disease, synovitis, or may result in
a silent infection.
6. Importance
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most economically
significant mycoplasma pathogen of poultry.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections causes significant
economic losses on poultry farms from:
1. Chronic respiratory disease (CRD).
2. Reduced feed efficiency.
3. Decreased growth rate.
4. Decreased egg production.
5. Carcasses downgrades.
7. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
9. Cont. …
M. gallisepticum infections are also known as:
1. Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of chickens.
2. Infectious sinusitis of turkeys.
Several strains of M. gallisepticum have been reported,
including the R strain in poultry.
10. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
12. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
14. Geographic Distribution
In the United States, this organism has been eradicated from
most commercial chicken and turkey breeding flocks, but
remains present in other poultry operations.
15. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
16. Transmission
Horizontal
M. gallisepticum is transmitted
during close contact between birds.
Aerosol spread occurs over short
distances and can be responsible
for transmission within a flock.
17. Cont. …
Vertical
M. gallisepticum is also transmitted
vertically in eggs.
Egg transmission is more frequent in
birds infected during laying than in
birds infected before they mature.
Infected birds carry M. gallisepticum
for life, and can remain asymptomatic
until they are stressed.
18. Incubation Period
Experimentally infected poultry develop symptoms after 6 -21
days.
In natural infections, the incubation period is variable;
infected birds may be asymptomatic for days or months until
stressed.
19. Cont. …
Stressors such as:
1. Viral infections
2. Vaccination with live viruses
3. Cold weather
4. Crowding
Can trigger disease outbreaks in infected flocks.
20. Morbidity and Mortality
In chickens with uncomplicated infections, the morbidity rate
is high and the mortality rate low.
More severe disease occurs if the birds are concurrently
infected with other viruses or bacteria.
21. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
22. Clinical Signs
M. gallisepticum infections vary from asymptomatic to severe,
depending on the infecting strain and other factors, such as
the infection with other respiratory pathogen;
1. NDV
2. IBV
3. E. coli
23. Cont. …
Infected chickens usually develop respiratory symptoms that
may include:
1. Depression
2. Rales
3. Coughing
4. Sneezing
5. Nasal discharges
6. Dyspnea
7. Decreased weight gain, feed efficiency and egg production
30. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
31. Post Mortem Lesions
In uncomplicated cases in chickens, the lesions typically
include:
1. Mild sinusitis
2. Tracheitis
3. Airsacculitis
If chicken is infected concurrently with E. coli:
1. Thickening and turbidity of the air sacs
2. Exudative accumulations
3. Fibrinopurulent pericarditis
4. Perihepatitis
46. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
47. Treatment – Live Bird
The (semi) permanent use of antibiotics (Tylan ®,
Lincospectin®, Baytril®) can reduce the damage of a M.G.
infection, but it will never really solve the problem, because
the flocks are still infected.
In broilers, at the first 4 days of life, then at 19th day for 2
successive days.
In breeders, following any respiratory vaccination, especially
ND for 2 successive days.
As soon as one stops the medication the disease increases
again
48. Cont. …
Limitations of treatment:
1. Mycoplasma develops resistance against the antibiotics
2. Expensive
3. Medication can not fully prevent an infection.
4. It is useful for a relatively short period of time, but in the
meantime other control systems have to be developed.
49. Treatment – Egg Transmission
If a flock proves to be positive for M.G. there are several
possibilities to prevent vertical transmission to the broiler flocks:
50. Cont. …
1. The P.S. Flock can be killed.
– This is the only completely safe procedure to prevent further spread of
the disease, but of course it is not always practical.
2. Treatment of the hatching egg with tylan® (or baytril®):
– Injection into the hatching eggs with 0.2 mg tylosine by hand or
automatic.
3. Egg dipping in a 2500 ppm containing tylan solution, using the
temperature-difference method or the pressure difference
method.
4. Egg-heating method (yoder) eggs are heated, before setting,
at 46 C during 12-14 hours. This system is not very reliable.
51. Plan of talk
Introduction
Etiology
Species affected
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Clinical signs
Post mortem lesions
Treatment
Prevention
52. Biosecurity
Very strict hygienic system is essential to keep a flock free:
1. Limit visitors and movement of vehicles between farms to the
absolute minimum.
2. Make sure that all visitors change clothes and footwear on the
entrance of the farm and disinfect their hands.
3. Showering is even better, and certainly recommended for Grand
Parent Farms.
4. As most Mycoplasma’s are killed within two days, we keep two days
as a minimum safety period between visiting possibly infected farm
and visiting a M.G. clean farm.
5. Staff should not be allowed to have any contact with poultry
outside their work. Otherwise, the same period of two days counts.
53. Cont. …
On multi-age farms, it is difficult to control M.G..
On a single-age farm, M.G. control mainly means control of
movement of staff and material.
55. Vaccination - Live vaccines
F-strain (Avipro MGF, LAH)
Can produce immunity.
Profits in such flocks are less than in unvaccinated flocks that
maintained their freedom from M.G.
The vaccine can spread up to 8 weeks after vaccination.
6/85 strain (Mycovac-L, Intervet)
Is not spreading and safe.
It can be differentiated from field strains by plate
agglutination test.
56. Vaccination - Killed Vaccines
Killed vaccines are safe to use and give generally a reasonable
protection.
They should be given by injection and are rather expensive.