Introduction to animal skin disease description

1. Dr. Ajith Y. MVSc PhD
Assistant Professor,
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Banaras Hindu University

2. • The largest organ of the body.
• Anatomical protective barrier, Vit D, Immunity.
• Factors affecting keratinization: Nutrition (Zn, Cu,
Vit A), hormones (Estrogen, Corticosteroids),
tissue factors, immune cells in the skin, and
genetics.

3. Lesion Type
a. Macules are flat, non-palpable discolourations,
< 10 mm in diameter, not raised or depressed.
b. Patch is a large macule eg: Rashes

4. Lesion Type
c. Papules are elevated lesions usually < 10 mm in
diameter that can be felt or palpated.
d. Plaques are palpable lesions > 10 mm in diameter
that are elevated or depressed. Eg: granuloma

5. Lesion Type
e. Nodules are firm papules or lesions that extend into
the dermis or subcutaneous tissue.
f. Vesicles are small, clear, fluid-filled blisters < 10 mm
g. Bullae are clear fluid-filled blisters > 10 mm

6. Lesion Type
h. Pustules are vesicles that contain pus
i. Urticaria (wheals or hives) is elevated lesion caused
by localized edema

7. Lesion Type
j. Scale is heaped-up accumulations of horny epithelium
k. Crusts (scabs) consist of dried serum, blood, or pus.

8. Lesion Type
l. Erosions are open areas of skin that result from loss
of part or all of the epidermis.
m. Ulcers result from loss of the epidermis and at least
part of the dermis

9. Lesion Type
n. Petechiae are small foci of hemorrhage
o. Ecchymoses is large area of hemorrhage
p. Purpura is a larger area of hemorrhage that may be
palpable. (Purpura hemorrhagicum in strangles)

10. Lesion Type
q. Scars are areas of fibrosis that replace normal skin
after injury
r. Keloids are hypertrophic scars that extend beyond the
original wound margin. (not proud flesh)

11. Lesion Configuration/Shape
a. Linear straight line
b. Annular lesions rings with central clearing
c. Nummular lesions are circular or coin-shaped
d. Target (bull’s-eye or iris) lesions appear as rings
with central duskiness
e. Serpiginous lesions have linear, branched, and
curving elements. (CLM)
f. Reticulated lesions networked pattern
g. Herpetiform numerous

12. Lesion Texture
a. Lichenification is thickening of the skin
b. Induration, or deep thickening of the skin (inflm)
c. Umbilicated lesions have a central indentation

13. Lesion Location and Distribution
a. Single or multiple
b. Body parts affected
c. Random or patterned, symmetric or asymmetric
d. sun-exposed, pigmented, muco-cutaneous jn
e. Localized or Generallized
Lesion Colour
a. Red (erythema)
b. Yellow (jaundice)
c. Green (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
d. Black (Melanoma)

16. • Bacteria (Pyoderma, Folliculitis)
• Parasite (CLM, Mange, Flea Allergy Dermatitis)
• Fungus/Yeast (Malasseziosis, Dermatophytosis)
• Viral skin disease (Canine Distemper, Pox)
• Coagulopathy (Ehrlichiosis, Leptospirosis)
• Endocrine (Corticosteroid, Thyroid)
• Physical Irritation (Contact dermatitis, Yoke gall)
• Chemical skin diseases (Burns)
• Neoplasm (Mast cell, Squamous cell, Melanoma)
• Nutritional def. (Vit A, Copper, Zinc)
• Immune dysfunction (Pemphigus)

19. • Generalized scaling of the skin
• Mutation resulted in defective
keratinization

20. • Allergic reaction to…… (Identify ?)
• Steroids, Antihistamine, Tacrolimus, cyclosporin

21. • Autoimmune
• Pemphigus foliaceus, Pemphigus vulgaris, Bullous
pemphigoid

22. • Yeast, Mousy odour
• Secondary Mostly
• Antifungal (Oral and topical)

23. • Mites

24. • Acute inflammation of skin
and subcutis due to constant
friction from yoke.

25. • Hygromas are fluid-filled sacs develop as a result of
repeated trauma or pressure or chronic inflammation.