The document discusses static timing analysis which is used to verify that logic circuits meet timing requirements. It analyzes different types of timing paths like pad-to-pad, pad-to-setup, clock-to-pad. Static timing analysis is preferred over dynamic analysis for verifying timings in large designs due to faster run times. An example shows calculating maximum frequency of operation by analyzing all path delays in a circuit.

1. TIMING ANALYSIS OF LOGIC CIRCUITS

2. Post layout simulation HDL Implementation Design Cycle DESIGN ENTRY Schematic , VHDL, Verilog, etc. Functional Simulation SYNTHESIS Test insertion Gate level simulation Implementation MAP, PLACE , ROUTE Static Timing Analysis Static Timing Analysis Libraries Constraints

3. The Timing Analyzer performs a static timing analysis of a mapped design A static timing analysis is a point-to-point analysis of a design network. The Timing Analyzer verifies that the delay along a given path or paths meets your specified timing requirements. It organizes and displays data that allows you to analyze the critical paths in your circuit, the cycle time of the circuit, the delay along any specified paths. Timing Analysis of Logic Circuits

4. Static timing analysis is performed at various stages of the design flow viz. after synthesis, after test insertion, after layout, etc. Your design's system performance is limited by some basic types of timing paths. Each of these paths goes through a sequence of logic, routing, and logic. Timing Analysis of Logic Circuits

5. Why Static Timing Analysis ? Verifying the timings of designs with millions of gates using dynamic timing analysis may prove to be impossible due to very high run times. Dynamic simulation relies on the quality and coverage of the test bench. Static timing analysis is very very fast as compared to dynamic analysis and verifies all parts of the gate level design. Static timing analysis does not check the functionality of the design. Extensive dynamic simulation is required to verify the functionality.

6. Pad to Pad A pad-to-pad path starts at an input pad of the chip, propagates through one or more levels of combinational logic, and ends at an output pad of the chip. The pad-to-pad path time is the maximum time required for the data to enter the chip, travel through logic & routing, and leave the chip. It is not controlled or affected by any clock signal.

7. Pad To Pad

8. Pad to Setup A pad-to-setup path starts at an input pad of the chip, propagates through input buffers and any number of combinatorial logic levels, and end at a D/T input to a flip-flop, latch or the receiving flip-flop’s t setup. Pad-to-set paths do not travel through flip-flops. The pad-to-setup path time is the maximum time required for the data to enter the chip, travel through logic and routing, and arrive at the input (D/T) before the clock or control signal arrives.

9. Pad To Setup

10. Clock To Pad Paths A clock-to-pad path starts at a clock input of a flip-flop, propagates through the flip-flop Q output and any number of levels of combinatorial logic, and ends at an output pad. It includes the clock-to-Q delay (Tpff) of the flip-flop and the path delay from that flip-flop to the chip output. The clock-to-pad path time is the maximum time required for the data to leave the source flip-flop, travel through logic & routing, and leave the chip.

11. Clock To Pad Paths

12. Clock To Pad Through Tristates

13. These are not valid clock to pad paths.

14. Clock To Setup - Same Clock

15. Rising Edge To Falling Edge Timing

16. Falling Edge To Rising Edge

17. Clock To Setup - Different Clocks

18. The paths ending at the clock pin of other FFs or the asynchronous pins of other FFs are not valid clock to setup paths. Clock enable pins ? They are similar to data. They will also have setup requirement.

19. Clock Pad To Clock Pin Of F/Fs

20. E.g. 1 What is the minimum clock period (Tmin) for this circuit? Hint: Evaluate all FF to FF paths

21. E.g. 1 contd. Path FFA to FFB TClk-Q(FFA) + Tpd(H) + Ts(FFB) = 5ns + 5ns+ 2ns = 12ns Path FFB to FFB TCLK-Q(FFB) + Tpd(F) + Tpd(H) + Ts(FFB) = 4ns + 4ns + 5ns + 2n = 15 ns So, Tmin=15 ns.

22. E.g. 2 Analysis of All The Paths In The Circuit

23. E.g. 2 Analysis of All The Paths In The Circuit Data at A, B, C and D is stable for 3 ns after the rising clock edge Data at X and Y has to be stable 3 ns before the rising clock edge. Calculate the maximum frequency of operation of the circuit. The delays are Tpd AND,OR= 1 ns, Tpd XOR= 2 ns, Tsetup= 1 ns, TclocktoQ = 3 ns.

24. E.g. 2 contd. Pad to Pad A to Y: (i) Tin-G4-Tout = 3+1+3=7ns (ii) Tin-G1-G4-Tout = 3+1+1+3=8ns

25. Pad to clock A-FF2D (i) Tin-G4-G7-TsetupFF2 =3+1+2+1=7ns (ii) Tin-G1-G4-G7-TsetupFF2 =3+1+1+2+1=8ns (iii) Tin-G5-G6-G7-TsetupFF2 =3+1+1+1+2+1=9ns C-FF2D: Tin-G3-G7-TsetupFF2 =3+1+2+1=7ns D-FF2D: Tin-G2-G5-G6-G7-TsetupFF2 =3+1+1+1+2+1=9ns C-FF2E Tin-G8-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+1=5ns D-FF2E Tin-G2-G5-G6-G8-TsetupFF2 =3+1+1+1+1+1=8ns

26. Clock to clock path FF1D – FF2D: (i)Tclk-QFF1-G1-G4-G7-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+1+2+1 = 8ns (ii) Tclk-QFF1-G1-G5-G6-G7-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+1+1+2+1 = 9ns (iii) Tclk-QFF1-G2-G5-G6-G7-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+1+1+2+1 = 9ns (iv)Tclk-QnFF1-G6-G7-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+2+1 = 7ns (iv)Tclk-QnFF1-G3-G7-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+2+1 = 7ns

27. Clock to clock path (contd.) FF1D – FF2E: (i) Tclk-QFF1-G1-G5-G6-G8-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+1+1+1+1 = 8ns (ii) Tclk-QFF1-G2-G5-G6-G8-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+1+1+1+1 = 8ns (iii)Tclk-QnFF1-G6-G8-TsetupFF2 = 3+1+1+1 = 6ns

28. Clock to Pad FF1 – Y: (i) Tclk-QFF1-G1-G4-Tout = 3+1+1+3 = 8ns FF2 – X (i) Tclk-QFF2-Tout = 3+3 = 6ns Maximum period between clk to clk paths is 9 ns Maximum frequency of operation = 1/9 =111.11 Mhz

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