new state of matter that breaks space-time symmetry.

1. TIMECRYSTALS
Perpetual motion without energy.

2. Contents:
•What is a time crystal?
•Put forward by
•Experimental proofs
•Methods
•Phasor representations
•Symmetry breaking
•Speculations
•Applications
•conclusion

3. What is a time crystal?
A time crystal or space-time crystal is an open system in
non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time
translation symmetry breaking (TTSB). It is impossible for a
time crystal to be in equilibrium with its environment

4. First predicted by Nobel-Prize winning theoretical physicist
Frank Wilczek back in 2012, time crystals are structures that
appear to have movement even at their lowest energy state,
known as a ground state.
• Experimental setup on trapped ions
University of Maryland:
Ytterbium atoms.
Two lasers for spin flip orientations.
Period T-resulted 2T.
Harvard university:
Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamonds.
Microwaves for spin orientations.
Period T-result 2T.

5. • Symmetry breaking – symmetry of the liquid has been broken freezing into ice.
• Imagine it like jelly - when you tap it, it repeatedly jiggles. The same thing happens
in time crystals, but the big difference here is that the motion occurs without any
energy.
• A time crystal is like constantly oscillating jelly in its natural, ground state, and
that's what makes it a whole new form of matter - non-equilibrium matter. It's
incapable of sitting still.

6. Graphical view on trapped ions
a)A four dimensional (4-D) crystal structure
b)A typical 3-D structure

8. Phase diagram of a discrete time crystal as a function of Ising
interaction strength and spin echo pulse imperfections.

9. Applications cum Advantages
• Chrono metamaterials.
• Quantum machines.
• Quantum computing– qubits of higher order.
• Nano-sized Storage devices.
• DE coherence corrected.
• Electron spin can be used instead of transistor.
• A speculation that time can be theorized.

10. Conclusion:
Thus, Time crystals can make things
unpredictable like time travel and even
quantum computation at the first place.

11. References:
F. Wilczek, “Quantum Time Crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 160401 (2012).
P. Bruno, “Comment on “Quantum Time Crystals”,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 118901 (2013).
H. Watanabe and M. Oshikawa, “Absence of Quantum Time Crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
114, 251603 (2015).
V. Khemani, A. Lazarides, R. Moessner, and S. L. Sondhi, “Phase Structure of Driven
Quantum Systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 250401 (2016).
C. W. von Keyserlingk, V. Khemani, and S. L. Sondhi, “Absolute Stability and
Spatiotemporal Long-Range Order in Floquet Systems,” Phys. Rev. B 94, 085112 (2016).
D. V. Else, B. Bauer, and C. Nayak, “Floquet Time Crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 090402
(2016).
N. Y. Yao, A. C. Potter, I. D. Potirniche, and A. Vishwanath, “Discrete Time Crystals:
Rigidity, Criticality, and Realizations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 030401 (2017).
J. Zhang et al., “Observation of a Discrete Time Crystal,” arXiv:1609.08684.
S. Choi et al., “Observation of Discrete Time-Crystalline Order in a Disordered Dipolar
Many-Body System,” arXiv:1610.08057.
J. Smith, A. Lee, P. Richerme, B. Neyenhuis, P. W. Hess, P. Hauke, M. Heyl, D. A. Huse, and
C. Monroe, “Many-body Localization in a Quantum Simulator with Programmable
Random Disorder,” Nature Phys. 12, 907 (2016).