Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures that have a band gap that forbids propagation of a certain frequency range of light. This property enables one to control light with amazing facility and produce effects that are impossible with conventional optics.Photonic crystals can be fabricated for one, two, or three dimensions. One-dimensional photonic crystals can be made of layers deposited or stuck together. Two-dimensional ones can be made by photolithography, or by drilling holes in a suitable substrate. Fabrication methods for three-dimensional ones include drilling under different angles, stacking multiple 2-D layers on top of each other, direct laser writing, or, for example, instigating self-assembly of spheres in a matrix and dissolving the spheres
Characterization of Photonic Crystal FiberSurbhi Verma
Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) is a new class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. Because of its ability to confine light in hollow cores or with confinement characteristics not possible in conventional optical fiber, PCF is now finding applications in fiber-optic communications, fiber lasers, nonlinear devices, high-power transmission, highly sensitive gas sensors, and other areas.
In this project, photonic crystal fibers and far field measurement technique was described. The project also focused on the development of analytical formulae and a method to characterize PCF from its far field radiation pattern using effective index approach considering PCF to be similar to single mode step index fiber. This project was an explanation of an already published research paper
Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures that have a band gap that forbids propagation of a certain frequency range of light. This property enables one to control light with amazing facility and produce effects that are impossible with conventional optics.Photonic crystals can be fabricated for one, two, or three dimensions. One-dimensional photonic crystals can be made of layers deposited or stuck together. Two-dimensional ones can be made by photolithography, or by drilling holes in a suitable substrate. Fabrication methods for three-dimensional ones include drilling under different angles, stacking multiple 2-D layers on top of each other, direct laser writing, or, for example, instigating self-assembly of spheres in a matrix and dissolving the spheres
Characterization of Photonic Crystal FiberSurbhi Verma
Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) is a new class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. Because of its ability to confine light in hollow cores or with confinement characteristics not possible in conventional optical fiber, PCF is now finding applications in fiber-optic communications, fiber lasers, nonlinear devices, high-power transmission, highly sensitive gas sensors, and other areas.
In this project, photonic crystal fibers and far field measurement technique was described. The project also focused on the development of analytical formulae and a method to characterize PCF from its far field radiation pattern using effective index approach considering PCF to be similar to single mode step index fiber. This project was an explanation of an already published research paper
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the fundamental principles of Photonic Crystal Fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This presentation reviews the following paper.
Giannini, Vincenzo, Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez, Susannah C. Heck, and Stefan A. Maier. "Plasmonic nanoantennas: fundamentals and their use in controlling the radiative properties of nanoemitters." Chemical reviews 111, no. 6 (2011): 3888-3912.
The following ppt gives overview about Optical Communication and the underlying principle with the general overview of all the contents for optical communication
Introduction of all kinds of organic materials and their applications. More information about organic materials is on Alfa Chemistry.
http://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/optoelectronic-materials-132.htm
This narrated power point presentation attempts to explain the fundamental principles of Photonic Crystal Fibers. The material will be useful for KTU final year students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
This presentation reviews the following paper.
Giannini, Vincenzo, Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez, Susannah C. Heck, and Stefan A. Maier. "Plasmonic nanoantennas: fundamentals and their use in controlling the radiative properties of nanoemitters." Chemical reviews 111, no. 6 (2011): 3888-3912.
The following ppt gives overview about Optical Communication and the underlying principle with the general overview of all the contents for optical communication
Introduction of all kinds of organic materials and their applications. More information about organic materials is on Alfa Chemistry.
http://www.alfa-chemistry.com/products/optoelectronic-materials-132.htm
Design and Analysis of Modified Photonic Crystal Fiber with Low Confinement Lossijsrd.com
Fluorine doped silica tubes are used instead of air holes to reduce the problem associated with deformities during manufacturing of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF). But when fluorine doped silica tubes are used the confinement loss of fiber will be greater than that of air holed one. In this paper, we propose a new structure for this type of modified PCF which gives very low confinement loss. Also, we analyze some of the optical properties of the proposed structure such as effective refractive index, effective area and compared it with the normal hexagonal PCF.
*(PPT was prepared for a 15 min presentation)
The topic "Photonic Integrated circuit technology" is in itself very vast that it cant be explained completely in a matter of minutes, so it is better to focus on a particular type of PIC throughout the presentation .(because,based on substrate material,the technology changes and it is always important to maintain a flow throughout the presentation).
Research well on the topic,do your best and leave the rest
:)
Silicon Electronic Photonic Integrated Circuits (SiEPIC) – Research TrainingLukas Chrostowski
June 23, 2015
Webinar
Presented for the OSA, osa.peachnewmedia.com/store/seminar/seminar.php?seminar=43624
In this webinar, Lukas Chrostowski will discuss the Canada-wide NSERC CREATE research training Program – Silicon Electronic Photonic Integrated Circuits (Si-EPIC) – which has established a large community of silicon photonics researchers. This program is based in Canada and is open to international academic and industrial participants. Since 2008, we have been offering training workshops and courses. Common to all these experiences is that they all have a design–fabricate–test cycle, namely we provide participants with feedback and get their designs fabricated. We have four design workshops that are each one week long: 1) Passive silicon photonics, 2) active silicon photonics (e.g., design of 40 Gb/s travelling-wave modulators), 3) CMOS electronics for photonics, and 4) systems, integration and packaging. We also offer half-day workshops at conferences (Group IV Photonics, IEEE Photonics Conference). Finally, we have our first on-line course starting July 7, namely edX Silicon Photonics Design, Fabrication and Data Analysis. In the conference and edX course, we include automated testing so participants can get real data to analyze. Lukas will also provide examples of research innovations, including sub-wavelength grating devices, Bragg gratings, contra-directional grating-assisted couplers, and others.
What You Will Learn/Seminar Objectives
Overview of the Canada-wide NSERC CREATE research training Program – Silicon Electronic Photonic Integrated Circuits (Si-EPIC)
Overview of our online course - edX Silicon Photonics Design, Fabrication and Data Analysis
Who Should Attend:
Graduate students, postdocs and researchers interested in the field of Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits.
Photonic scientists working on the design and fabrication of novel silicon nanophotonic devices.
Level: The level of the webinar is intermediate. The basic concepts will be explained. However, a basic knowledge of Silicon Photonics is assumed.
Beyond all of the hype and tumult, market drivers and technological developments are converging to ensure a bright future for Si photonics.
THOUGH THE SI PHOTONICS MARKET HAS JUST KICKED OFF, VOLUME PRODUCTION IS ALREADY CLOSE
Big data is getting bigger by the second, and transporting it with existing technologies will push the limits of power consumption, density and weight. Yole Développement analysts are convinced that photons will replace electrons, and that Si photonics will be the mid-term platform to assist this transition.
Si photonics offers the advantages of silicon technology: low cost, higher integration, more embedded functionalities and higher interconnect density. It also provides two other key advantages:
1. Low power consumption: particularly when compared to copper-based solutions, which are expensive and require high electrical consumption.
2. Reliability: especially important for data centers, where a typical rack server’s lifespan is two years before replacement.
Back in 2006, VOA were the market’s first Si photonics products. Today, there are still a few Si photonics products on the market (i.e. VOA, AOC and transceivers from Luxtera, Kotura/Mellanox and Cisco/Lightwire) but big companies (i.e. Intel, HP and IBM) are close to realizing silicon photonics products. Yole Développement also sees big OEMs such as Facebook, Google and Amazon developing their own optical data center technology in partnership with chip firms (such as Facebook with Intel).
In this report Yole Développement shows that, in the short-term, silicon photonics will be the platform solution for future high-power, high-bandwidth data centers. Silicon photonics chips will be deployed in high-speed signal transmission systems, which greatly exceed copper cabling’s capabilities, i.e. for data centers and high-performance computing (HPC). As silicon photonics evolves and chips become more sophisticated, we expect the technology to be used more often in processing tasks such as interconnecting multiple cores within processor chips to boost access to shared cache and busses.
Analysts also analyzed silicon photonics’ chances of being used for telecom, consumer, medical and biosensors applications, compared with competing technologies.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports/Silicon-Photonics-2014-report/1/445/
Dr. Howard Schlossberg presents an overview of his program, Lasers and Optics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
A Descriptive Review over the field of Biosensors has been given here; its origin history events; its working principle; its classification based on various parameters; applications and future scope
This slide deals with different aspects of Comsol Multiphysics and it's possibility in the future as multiple physics properties can be studied simultaneously with the help of different inbuilt or user-defined modules in this software.
Study of highly broadening Photonic band gaps extension in one-dimensional Me...IOSR Journals
In this paper, we show theoretically that the reflectance spectra of one dimensional multilayer metal-organic periodic structure (1D MOPS) can be enhanced due to the addition of the organic constituents. We have used simple transfer matrix method to calculate the absorption, transmittance and reflectance of the 1D MOPS systems. The organic component like N,N’-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N’diphenyl-1; 1biphenyl-4; 4diamine (NPB) absorbs the light in ultra-violet, visible and infrared electromagnetic region and the structure with Ag-metal also having the tendency to absorb the light by the plasmaonic action and their refractive can be calculated from Drude equation. The reflectance spectra of multilayer 1D MOPS containing a variable number periodic of Ag/N,N’-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N’diphenyl-1; 1biphenyl-4; 4diamine (NPB) structure are calculated taking optical constant of NPB and Ag. The optical band gap and reflectance spectra of 1D MOPS of the considered structure is obtained in the visible and near infrared regions either with the variation of the metal layer thickness or thickness of the organic layer. From the results under investigation through TMM, tunability in the optical band gap was observed either change in thickness of the other layer 1/ or 2 or the angle of the incident. Due to optical absorption of the light in the different region of electromagnetic spectrum due to either N,N’-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N’diphenyl-1; 1biphenyl-4; 4diamine (NPB) or silver metal, the optical band gap of 1DMOPS shows the shift of band edges of λL and λR from ultra-violet to visible and the infrared with change the optical constant.
Design of Superlens in the visible range using MetamaterialsAhmed Aslam
During last two decades there have been major advances in high resolution imaging using beyond diffraction limit optics where the meta-materials are playing a dominant role. Use of meta-material slabs can act as ideal lens without any aberrations and focus the evanescent waves for super high resolution .
The paper addresses the simulation studies carried out on such meta-material lenses and the theoretical models used to simulate the Super (ideal) lens.
Meta materials are advance materials with negative refractive index, they show excellent applications like cloaking effect, super lens, WMD detectors also flying doughnut etc. They are very futuristic . This presentation explains the basic definition, history, scientific principle and its applications etc.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL PARAMETER CALCULATIONS OF THE PROBES IN WATERDr. Ved Nath Jha
Fiber optic technology with the role of surface plasmons has tremendously advanced the sensing technique of various physical, chemical and biochemical parameters of materials. The working of the optical fiber sensor designed by us is founded on the principle of the absorption of the evanescent waves passing through the optical fiber. The technique is based on the evanescent wave penetration between two dielectric media satisfying the conditions of attenuated total internal reflections (ATR’s). In the present work, the cladding of the fiber is removed by a suitable technique, and Silver nanoparticles are deposited on it. The evanescent light waves passing out of the core of the fiber are absorbed by the metal nanoparticles. The wavelength of maximum absorption is specific to the metal nanoparticles as well as to the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium and occurs when the wavelength of evanescent light resonates with localized surface plasmon (LSP) wavelength of the nanoparticle. Noble metal nanoparticles of Silver and Gold exhibit LSP resonance in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. In this article, we report the characteristic parameters of three sensor probes a, b and c developed by researcher.
Fourier transform IR (FTIR) machine for textile applicationBahirdar University
This document contains about textile application of FTIR machine which is mainly used for functional group and chemical bond identification of solid as well as liquid materials.
In mineral science, there are several analytical instruments used for various purpose, viz…
Scanning electron microscopy
X-ray diffraction
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray fluorescence
Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
Electron microprobe analysis
Secondary ion mass spectrometry
Atomic force microscopy
It is an analytical technique uselful for detection of functional groups present in particular molecules and compounds.
It is highly applicable in pharmaceutical and chemical engineering.
Calculation of Optical Properties of Nano ParticlePHYSICS 5535- .docxRAHUL126667
Calculation of Optical Properties of Nano Particle
PHYSICS 5535- Optical Properties Matter-Spring 2017
Raznah Yami
Outline
1. Introduction: this part gives a precise overview of the whole paper. It begins by illustrating a brief introduction and importance of Nano Particles and the theoretical approaches used for their calculation.
2. Main idea: this section provides a step-by-step in-depth analysis of recently developed theories the calculation of optical properties of nanoparticles. It also provides calculation and equations employed these approaches.
2.1 Optical Properties of Nanoparticles: this section talks about the basics principles and governing the optical behavior of Nano particles and provides in-depth knowledge of different phenomena observed while dealing with optical properties of Nano particles.
2.2 Mie-Theory: the research provides exhaustive information the study optical properties of nanoparticles using Mie theory. This research focuses on Mie theory for the calculation of optical properties of Nano particle according to which we can calculate the place of surface Plasmon resonance in optical spectra of metallic spherical nanoparticle.
2.3 Discrete Dipole Approximation method: this section enumerates sufficient information about the calculation of absorption and scattering efficiencies and optical resonance wavelengths for three commonly used classes of nanoparticles: gold Nano spheres, silica-gold Nano shells, and gold Nano rods and we examine the magneto-optical scattering from nanometer-scale structures using a discrete dipole approximation.
3. Conclusion: This section provides a summary of the most important points, which presents an overview of the practical application and calculation methods of optical properties of Nano particles talking about core principles, which therefore explain the behavior exhibited by nanoparticles.
List of figures:
Figure 1: Localized surface Plasmon resonance ,resulting from the collective oscillations of delocalized electrons in response to an external electric field
Figure 2: Absorption spectra of semiconductor nanoparticles of different diameter. Right-nanoparticles suspended in solution.
Figure 3: Comparison of absorbance along increasing wavelength between Nano GaAs (7-15 nm) and Bulk GaAs showing an apparent blue shift
Figure 4: Showing the effect of blue shift because of quantum confinement as the wavelength shifts from 1100 nm to 2000 nm when we move from particle size of 9nm to parcile size of 3 nm.
Figure 5: Emission spectra of several sizes of (Cdse) Zns core-shell quantum dots.
Figure 6: The optical spectra and transmission electron micrographs for the particles in vials 1–5 are also shown. Scale bars in micrographs are all 100 nm
Figure7: Shows the effect of varying relative core and shell thickness of gold Nano Shells, there is an apparent blue shift as the frequency increases
References:
1. . P. S. Per ...
2. About My Internship
Institute – Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Department – Department of Physics (Applied and
Fiber Optics)
Topic – Photonic Crystals
Aim – To study characteristics of 1D photonic
crystal sensor with two defects using
simulation by Crystal Wave
Guide – Prof. Joby Joseph
Book used – “Photonic Crystal – Molding the Flow
of Light” by John D. Johnnopolous
Software used – Crystal Wave by Photon Design
3. What are Photonic Crystals?
Photonic crystals are periodic optical nanostructures that
affect the motion of photons in much the same way that
ionic lattices affect electrons in solids.
The atoms and molecules are replaced by macroscopic
media with differing dielectric constants
The periodic potential is replaced by periodic dielectric
function (or a periodic index of refraction)
The crystal has a complete photonic band gap if for some
frequency range, the photonic crystal prohibits the
propagation of EM waves of any polarization travelling in
any direction from any source.
4. Types of PhC
A 1-D photonic crystal is periodic in one direction
A 2-D photonic crystal is periodic in two directions
A 3-D photonic crystal is periodic in three directions
Different colors show different dielectrics
6. This is the Master Equation
Differentiating eq. (3) and substituting in eq. (2)
Take curl of eq. (4) and substitute
7. 1-D Photonic Crystal Sensor
The unique characteristics of an EM wave when interacting
with photonic crystals can be applied to build an optical
sensor that interacts with certain material
A sensor will work if there is a strong interaction between
sensor and sample material
A sensor based on PhC will have higher sensitivity
We simulate an optical sensor model of 1-D PhC imbedded
with two defects.
8. Model of the Structure
The model consists of a Si slab with R.I. = 3.48
Eleven dielectric rods were inserted with rod no. 4 and 8 considered
to be defected
The slab thickness = 2x103 nm ; length = 17.5x103 nm
Regular rods were SiO2 (n=1.44, radius=400nm)
First defected rod was Al2O3 (n=1.7). R.I. of second defect was varied.
9. Simulation
The software used is Crystal Wave by Photon Design
Numerical simulation were performed by using finite difference time
domain (FDTD) method.
10. Characteristics
Change in time average energy density
w.r.t. variation in the R.I. of the second
defect for a defect radius of 300nm
(solid square) and 800nm (solid circle)
Change in time average energy density
w.r.t. second defect rod radius with R.I.
of 1.40
11. Results and Conclusion
Studied the characteristics of with two defects by means
of FDTD method
Increasing a second defect R.I. with a radius of 800nm will
produce linear dependence of the time averaged energy
density, which can be potentially applied for an optical
based R.I. sensor
A non-linear time averaged energy density for a certain
refactive index is obtained if the radius of the rod of the
second defect is increased from 300nm to 800nm
