The document discusses tidal energy, which is generated from the gravitational forces of the moon affecting ocean tides, leading to power generation through tidal stream generators and tidal barrages. It emphasizes the potential for tidal energy in India, particularly in the Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Cambay, where significant projects have been proposed, though many face challenges due to high costs. Despite the reliability and predictability of tidal energy, commercial viability remains limited, and ongoing projects have encountered financial setbacks.

1. Explained By
Kavan Oza (IU1241060031)
Maharshi Pandya(IU1241060034)
Ashir Sheth(IU1241060053)

2. Outlines
 How Tides Occurs?
 Introduction of Tidal Energy
 How to Generate Tidal Energy
 Types of Tidal Power Plant
 Tidal Scenario In India
 Advantages – Dis advantages

3. Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form
of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into
useful forms of power, mainly electricity.

4.  Tidal forces are periodic variations in gravitational
attraction exerted by moon.
 These forces create corresponding motions or
currents in the world's oceans.
 Due to the strong attraction to the oceans, a bulge in
the water level is created, causing a temporary
increase in sea level.
 When the sea level is raised, water from the middle
of the ocean is forced to move toward the shorelines,
creating a tide.
 This occurrence takes place in an unfailing manner,
due to the consistent pattern of the moon’s orbit
around the earth.

6. How To Generate Tidal Energy??
 Tidal stream generators (or TSGs)
make use of the kinetic energy of
moving water to power turbines,
in a similar way to wind turbines
that use wind to power turbines.
 Some tidal generators can be
built into the structures of
existing bridges, involving virtually
no aesthetic problems.
 Land constrictions such as straits
or inlets can create high velocities at
specific sites, which can be captured
with the use of turbines.

7.  This form of generation has many
advantages over its other tidal
energy rivals.
 The turbines are submerged in
the water and are therefore out
of sight.
 They don’t pose a problem for
navigation and shipping and
require the use of much less
material in construction.
They function best
in areas where the water velocity
is 2 - 2.5 m/s

8.  Tidal barrages make use of the
potential energy in the difference in
height between high and low tides.
When using tidal barrages to generate
power, the potential energy from a
is seized through strategic placement
of specialized dams.
When the sea level rises and the tide begins
to come in, the temporary increase in tidal
power is channeled into a large basin behind
the dam, holding a large amount of potential
energy.
With the receding tide, this energy is then converted into mechanical
energy as the water is released through large turbines that create
electrical power through the use of generators.

9.  The power available from the turbine
at any particular instant is given by:
Where,
Cd = Discharge Coefficient
A = Cross sectional area (m2)
G = gravity = 9.81
r = density (kg/m3)
 The discharge coefficient accounts for
the restrictive effect of the flow passage
within the barrage on the passing water.
 The equation above illustrates how
important the difference between the
water levels of the sea and the basin, (Z1-Z2),
is when calculating the power produced.

10.  Tidal range may vary over a wide range (4.5-12.4 m) from site to site. A
tidal range of at least 7 m is required for economical operation and for
sufficient head of water for the turbines.
 A major drawback of tidal power stations is that they can only generate
when the tide is flowing in or out - in other words, only for 10 hours each
day.
 However, tides are totally predictable, so we can plan to have other
power stations generating at those times when the tidal station is out of
action.

11.  This is a 240 megawatt
(1 megawatt = 1 MW = 1 million watts)
at the mouth of the La Rance river
estuary on the northern coast of
France (a large coal or nuclear power
plant generates about 1,000 MW
of electricity).
 The La Rance generating station has
been in operation since 1966 and has
been a very reliable source of
electricity for France.
It is the only one in Europe but there
Is a possibility that 10% of UK’s
Electricity demand can be satisfied by
Tidal energy..

12.  The technology required for tidal power is well developed, and the main
barrier to increased use of the tides is that of construction costs.
 There is a high capital cost for a tidal energy project, with possibly a 10-
year construction period.
 Therefore, the electricity cost is very sensitive to the discount rate.
 The major factors in determining the cost effectiveness of a tidal power
site are the size (length and height) of the barrage required, and the
difference in height between high and low tide.
 These factors can be expressed in what is called a site’s “Gibrat” ratio.
The Gibrat ratio is the ratio of the length of the barrage in metres to
the annual energy production in kilowatt hours (1 kilowatt hour = 1 KWH =
1000 watts used for 1 hour).
 The smaller the Gibrat site ratio, the more desireable the site.

13. Indian Tidal Energy Scenario
 Tidal Energy is one of the new and emerging
technologies, which is commercially not viable and
still in Research & Development (R&D) stage. India
has a long coastline with the estuaries and gulfs where
tides are strong enough to move turbines for electrical
power generation.

14. Tidal Energy Potential
 As per the studies, the Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat and
Sunderbans area in West Bengal are the only potential sites in India for the
development of Tidal Energy Projects.
 Central Electricity Authority (CEA) undertook a study for the assessment of
tidal energy potential in India. According to the study, the identified
economic power potential is of the order of 8000 MW

15. Region State Tidal Potential (MW)
Gulf of Cambay
(Khambhat)
Gujarat 7000
Gulf of Kutch Gujarat 1200
Gangatic Delta,
Sunderbans
West Benga 100

16.  In February 2008, under the Tidal Energy Programme, the Ministry
of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) sanctioned a demonstration
project for setting up a 3.75 MW tidal power plant at Durgaduani
Creek in Sunderbans, West Bengal.
 The NHPC Limited was given responsibility to execute the project.
The total estimated project cost was INR 48 crores, out of which
90% (INR 43.20 crores) was to be shared by the MNRE and the
remaining 10% (INR 4.80 crores) by the Government of West
Bengal.
 However, the project has been discontinued due to very high tender
cost amounting to INR 238 crores against originally estimated cost
of INR 48 crores.

17. Tidal Power Projects in Gulf of Kutch,
 A committee was constituted under the Central
Electricity Authority (CEA) on the 900 MW Kutch
Tidal Power Project for estimating the cost of the
project. A techno-economic feasibility study was
carried out by the CEA in 1988 for a 900 MW Tidal
Power Project. A revised estimate of INR 6184 crores
was worked out for the execution of this project in
1993.

18. Mandavi Tidal Power Project (250 MW) in
Kutch
 In January 2011, Government of Gujarat signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for establishing a
250 MW tidal power project in Gulf of Kutch with Gujarat
Power Corporation Ltd. (GPCL) Vadodara, Atlantis
Resource Corporation, United Kingdom and Perfect
Mining Energy Solutions (PMES), Singapore.
 A Special Purpose Vehicle was incorporated in May, 2011
and GPCL has taken up a 50 MW tidal power project at
Mandavi in district Kutch in the first phase.

19.  As part of the agreed upon terms of the MoU for a total
of 250MW of future tidal power development, the
initial 50MW project could be scaled up to more than
200MW of installed capacity. The project is expected
to cost around Rs 750 crore

22. Thank you