This document discusses various types of renewable energy sources including solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and tidal energy. It provides details on solar energy and how photovoltaic panels work to convert sunlight directly into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. It also describes thin film solar cell technology and the process used to deposit materials to form solar panels. Additionally, it briefly touches on other renewable technologies like wind turbines, nuclear energy, and harvesting energy from natural resources and the environment. The document outlines some advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources.

1. V.REVATHIAMBIKA
SAMS College of Engg & Tech.,
Chennai.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Energy is the power to do works and drive machines.
 Energy can’t be made or destroyed, regarding motion,
there are kinetic and potential energy.
 Regarding power, there are two main kinds of energy
1. Renewable energy
2. Nonrenewable energy

4. Classification of Renewable energy
Bioenergy
Geothermal
Wind
Solar
Hydrogen
Tidal
And many more...

7. Solar energy
 Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from
the sun.
 Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and
lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity.
 Solar radiation is radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly
electromagnetic energy. About half of the radiation is in the
visible.
 Solar technologies are generally classified as Active and
Passive solar energy

9. Definition of photovoltaic
Photo = “light” and photons = “energy”
particles coming from sunlight;
voltaic = producing a voltage or volts.

10. Photovoltaic (PV) Effect
 When sunlight is absorbed by the materials, the solar energy
knocks electrons loose from their atoms, allowing the electrons to
flow through the material to produce electricity.
 Several connected PV arrays can provide enough power for a
household; for large electric utility or industrial applications,
hundreds of arrays can be interconnected to form a single, large
PV system.

11. PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANALS
 It convert sunlight directly into electricity.
 It consists of several connected 0.6-V dc PV cells, which are made out of a
semiconducting material sandwiched between two metallic electrodes.
 The photovoltaic effect refers to the separation of minority carriers [electrons and
holes] by a built-in electric field, such as a PN-junction or Schottky barrier.
 Thin-film crystalline-silicon solar cells consist of layers about 10 µm thick compared
with 200- to 300-µm layers for crystalline-silicon cells.

12. Thin film technology
 Thin-film crystalline-silicon solar cells
consist of layers about 10 µm thick
compared with 200- to 300-µm layers
for crystalline-silicon cells.
 Advanced Energy provides highly
reliable power conversion and control
solutions to thin films manufacturing
companies around the world.

13. Copper and indium are deposited by magnetron sputtering, followed by selenization to
form the high-absorbing ptype semiconductor cuinse2, which is combined with an n-
type electrode of zno to create thin-film solar modules
 A=Barrier/Mo deposition
 B= Laser patterning
 C=Cu/In/Se deposition
 D=Heat treatment 500°C
 E=Chemical deposition 60°C
 F=Patterning
 G=2nd deposition 200°C
 H=Patterning
 I=Contacts/lamination

14. Wind power
 It converting wind energy into
electricity by using wind turbines.
 Wind comes from atmospheric changes;
changes in temperature and pressure
makes the air move around the surface
of the earth. A wind turbine captures the
wind to produce energy.
 It create power without using fossil
fuels, without producing greenhouse
gases or radioactive or toxic waste.
Wind power is one of the best ways to
combat global warming.

16. Nuclear Energy
 It is produced by a nuclear reaction
when the splitting or fusion of atoms
occurs.
 Nuclear fuel does not produce
greenhouse gases, so will not
contribute to global warming. There is
a relatively long-lasting supply of
raw material.
 The main issues that come up with
nuclear energy are the safety

18. Free Energy/Radiant Energy
 It is the energy of electromagnetic waves.
 The oceans and other waters of the world cover
over 70% of the Earth’s surface.
 Free Energy device/method would draw
additional power from the sea of Universal
Energy in which all matter is carried, and it is
thought that such a device would produce more
energy than is used to run it, also known as
Over unity.
 Constantly moving, which allows many waters

19. SQUIDS/OCEAN RADIENT ENERGY
 It has an inflatable absorber
similar to a large balloon
which fills with sea water.
 Sitting just under the surface,
the absorber is moved by
passing waves and the energy
from this motion drives a
generator to produce
electricity.
 Scotland's leading marine
energy test centre has opened

20. MEMS & Nanotechnology
 Ultra low power electronics – MCUs, RTCs, DSPs
 Smart devices in everything,
 Sensors everywhere for data capture and analysis,
 Wireless is pervasive,
 Miniaturization,
 Integration,
 High Reliability,
 Eco-friendly solutions,
 Renewable energy sources,
 Reduced life cycle costs.

22. Good Materials
BAMBOO CORK COCONUT

23. Renewable energy from natural resources
 Synthetic solar cells created on tobacco plants
 Generating energy from evaporation on a leaf
 Electricity from bacteria and grass clippings
 Generating energy from trees to power sensors
 Virus Battery
 Energy from Cactus
 Living Batteries
 Frog-inspired technology to generate biofuel using artificial
photosynthesis
 Harvesting energy from Spinach
 Energy to run LEDs harvested from trees

25. Advantages & disadvantages of nuclear energy
Advantages Disadvantages
 Nuclear power costs  It is very, very dangerous.
about the same as coal,  It must be sealed up and
so it's not expensive to buried for many
make. thousands of years to
 Does not produce smoke allow the radioactivity to
or carbon dioxide, so it die away.
does not contribute to  For all that time it must
the greenhouse effect. be kept safe from
 Produces huge amounts earthquakes, flooding,
of energy from small terrorists and everything
else.

26. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Non-renewable Resources
ADVANTAGES
 It provide United States with electricity, gasoline and heat in the
future.
 Oil, petroleum, natural gas, coal and uranium, are some of the
primary sources of fuel used to provide power and heat to many
industrial, commercial and residential consumers
DISADVANTAGES
Limited sources of energy

28. Saving Energy  Quality
 Excellence
 Reliability
Saving Money  Range
 Support and Service
Saving the  Cost-effective
Environment  Efficient
 Clean and sustainable

29. CONTROLLERS AND REGULATORS
SOLAR CHARGE WIND TURBINE

30. Renewable energy technologies can help contribute
to a clean and secure energy future for our nation
and the world
As an electricity provider
As a farmer or rancher
As a homeowner
As a small business owner

32. our earth.
We have to make a balance
between energy consumption and
environment protection.
We have to make more efforts to
ensure that the world’s resources
are to be used in a sustainable
energy.

34. THANK YOU