This document provides an overview of tidal energy as a renewable energy resource. It discusses the relevance of tidal power, introduces different types of tidal power technologies including tidal barrages, tidal stream generators, and dynamic tidal power. It also compares tidal power plants globally and in India, outlines the pros and cons of tidal energy, and considers potential improvements and the future outlook for tidal power. The document aims to educate about tidal energy through definitions, classifications, illustrations, statistics, and considerations of economics, viability, and scope for development.
Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that exploits the rise and fall in sea levels due to the tides, or the movement of water caused by the tidal flow. Because the tidal forces are caused by interaction between the gravity of the Earth, Moon and Sun, tidal power is essentially inexhaustible and classified as a renewable energy source.
Tidal power can be classified into two types. Tidal stream systems make use of the kinetic energy from the moving water currents to power turbines, in a similar way to underwater wind turbines. This method is gaining in popularity because of the lower ecological impact compared to the second type of system, the barrage. Barrages make use of the potential energy from the difference in height (or head) between high and low tides, and their use is better established.
Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.
Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal energy has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent[when? clarification needed] technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed, and that economic and environmental costs may be brought down to competitive levels.
Historically, tide mills have been used both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The incoming water was contained in large storage ponds, and as the tide went out, it turned waterwheels that used the mechanical power it produced to mill grain. The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times. The process of using falling water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the U.S. and Europe in the 19th century.
The world's first large-scale tidal power plant was the Rance Tidal Power Station in France, which became operational in 1966. It was the largest tidal power station in terms of output until Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station opened in South Korea in August 2011. The Sihwa station uses sea wall defense barriers complete with 10 turbines generating 254 MW.
School project on sustainable development for the bilingual section of Technology at the IES Praia Barraña school in Boiro, Galicia, Spain. March, 2016.
This ppt explained the basic concept of Tidal energy , Components of Tidal barrage powerplant, Modes of generation of Tidal power, Tidal stream generator, single and double bassin arrangement, Horizontal & vertical axis Tidal turbine Helical Turbine, Dynamic Tidal powerplant, Environmental impacts and Site selection for tidal powerplant. Also describes the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal powerplant.
Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that exploits the rise and fall in sea levels due to the tides, or the movement of water caused by the tidal flow. Because the tidal forces are caused by interaction between the gravity of the Earth, Moon and Sun, tidal power is essentially inexhaustible and classified as a renewable energy source.
Tidal power can be classified into two types. Tidal stream systems make use of the kinetic energy from the moving water currents to power turbines, in a similar way to underwater wind turbines. This method is gaining in popularity because of the lower ecological impact compared to the second type of system, the barrage. Barrages make use of the potential energy from the difference in height (or head) between high and low tides, and their use is better established.
Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.
Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal energy has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent[when? clarification needed] technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed, and that economic and environmental costs may be brought down to competitive levels.
Historically, tide mills have been used both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The incoming water was contained in large storage ponds, and as the tide went out, it turned waterwheels that used the mechanical power it produced to mill grain. The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times. The process of using falling water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the U.S. and Europe in the 19th century.
The world's first large-scale tidal power plant was the Rance Tidal Power Station in France, which became operational in 1966. It was the largest tidal power station in terms of output until Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station opened in South Korea in August 2011. The Sihwa station uses sea wall defense barriers complete with 10 turbines generating 254 MW.
School project on sustainable development for the bilingual section of Technology at the IES Praia Barraña school in Boiro, Galicia, Spain. March, 2016.
This ppt explained the basic concept of Tidal energy , Components of Tidal barrage powerplant, Modes of generation of Tidal power, Tidal stream generator, single and double bassin arrangement, Horizontal & vertical axis Tidal turbine Helical Turbine, Dynamic Tidal powerplant, Environmental impacts and Site selection for tidal powerplant. Also describes the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal powerplant.
There are three basic ways to tap the ocean for its energy. We can use
The ocean's waves.
The ocean's high and low tides .
Temperature differences in the water.
1-Wave Energy
Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves of the ocean. That energy can be used to power a turbine. The wave rises into a chamber. The rising water forces the air out of the chamber. The moving air spins a turbine which can turn a generator.
When the wave goes down, air flows through the turbine and back into the chamber through doors that are normally closed.
2-Tidal Energy
Two types of tidal plant facilities.
Tidal barrages
Tidal stream generator
Sea waves have high energy densities, the highest among renewable energy sources with the natural seasonal variability of wave energy following the electricity demand in temperate climates securing energy supplies in remote regions.
There are three basic ways to tap the ocean for its energy. We can use
The ocean's waves.
The ocean's high and low tides .
Temperature differences in the water.
1-Wave Energy
Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves of the ocean. That energy can be used to power a turbine. The wave rises into a chamber. The rising water forces the air out of the chamber. The moving air spins a turbine which can turn a generator.
When the wave goes down, air flows through the turbine and back into the chamber through doors that are normally closed.
2-Tidal Energy
Two types of tidal plant facilities.
Tidal barrages
Tidal stream generator
Sea waves have high energy densities, the highest among renewable energy sources with the natural seasonal variability of wave energy following the electricity demand in temperate climates securing energy supplies in remote regions.
Principle
OTEC
methods (open cycle & close cycle) energy from tides
components of tidal power plants
Operation
methods of utilization of tidal energy
Storage
ocean waves
wave energy conversion devices
Tidal Energy the most common topic in science section and one of the most interesting topic . This slides contains the information how does actually tidal energy in generated and what are the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy . Wave power design and how it works . This topic is mostly used as a project in schools and colleges in science section in higher schools
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Tidal energy- A Renewable Energy Resources
1. A Seminar Presentation on
Tidal Energy
A Renewable Energy Resources
Presented By: Presented To:
PUSHPENDRA PAL MR. DEEPAK PANDEY
1616421044 MR. ANKIT SRIVASTAVA
2. Contents
RELEVANCE OF THE TOPIC
INTRODUCTION
TIDES & TIDAL POWER
CLASSIFICATION
TYPES OF TURBINE
COMPARISION
GLOBALAND INDIAN TIDAL ENERGY SCENARIO
IMPROVEMENTS POSSIBLE
PROS AND CONS
FACTS
2
3. WHY TIDAL ENERGY CAME INTO EXISTANCE ?
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
IMPROVED ENERGY SECURITY
MOST EFFICIENT ENERGY RESOURCE
NO GREENHOUSE GAS EMMISION
3
5. Production of Energy over the years
5
But, total capacity of the ocean currents is to
produce 450TW, which is 0.75 million times
the current production.
Production of Energy over the year
2009: 0.00016%
2010: 0.00017%
2011: 0.00019%
2013: 0.00078%
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power
6. INTRODUCTION TO TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal energy is one of many forms of hydropower generation.
It comes from the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon
on the Earth’s bodies of water.
It is creating periodic shifts in these bodies of water. These
shifts are called tides. The tide moves a huge amount of water
twice each day.
Tides work like a hydro-electric scheme, except that the dam is
much bigger. A huge dam (called a barrage) is built across a
river estuary.
When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through tunnels
in the dam. The ebb (tide moving out to sea) and flow of the
tides can be used to turn a turbine.
6
7. A TIDE
Tides are the rising and falling of
Earth’s ocean surface levels.
Caused by the combined effect of moon
and sun.
Tides are quite predictable.
The Tidal Force is the vectorial
difference between the gravitational
force of the Earth and that of moon.
7
8. Tides Classifications
Tides Classifications: I
Semidiurnal Tides
• With two nearly equal high tides and low tides
every day.
Diurnal Tides e.g. Gulf of Mexico
• It is a cycle with only one high and low tide each
day
Mixed Tides e.g. Moon passing through
equator
• Two high and low tides with different sizes each
day.
8
9. Tides Classifications (Continue…)
Tides Classifications: II
Spring tides:
• Both sun and moon, pulls in same line
Neap Tides:
• Moon in quadrature wrt Sun (90 degrees)
9
10. Types of Tidal Power Plants
10
Tidal Energy
Technology
Tidal
barrages
Tidal stream
generator (TSG)
Dynamic tidal
power (DTP)
Tidal Lagoon
11. Tidal Barrages
Involves creation of huge concrete dams
with sluices.
Use of the potential energy in the
difference in height between high and
low tides.
Both directions flow
Classical method
11
12. Continue.…
Ebb Generation
• Basin is filled with incoming high tide
• Sluice gates are closed
• When outside water level is low enough, gates
are opened to allow water going out, through
turbines
Flood Generation
• The basin is emptied with low tide.
• Sluice gates are closed
• When water level outside is high enough, gates
are opened to allow water through turbines
12
13. Tidal Stream Generators (TSG)
Use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power
turbines.
These are very similar to the principles in wind
power generation
Water flows across blades which turn a turbine
It is much like how wind turns blades for wind
power turbines.
Economical and least damaging.
Conceived in 1970s
13
14. Tidal Stream Turbine
Axial Turbines:
• Close in concept to traditional wind mills, most used too.
Cross Flow Turbines:
• Invented in 1923
• Can be installed either vertical or horizontally only
Flow augmented/ Venturi:
• Use of ducts to augment the flow going into turbine,
• Significant increase in power,
• Can operate at slower velocities, growing technology
14
15. Dynamic Tidal Power (DTP)
Latest Advancement
This technology is not currently commercial viable.
UK, Korea, and China have invested heavily in its
research.
It involves a partial dam which raises the tidal height and
several hydropower generators.
Uses the difference between the potential energy and
kinetic energy of tides.
It proposes that very long dams in T shape.
30–50 km length be built from coasts straight out into the
sea or ocean, without enclosing an area.
15
16. Tidal Lagoon
Latest Advancement
A new tidal energy design option is to construct
circular retaining walls embedded with turbines
that can capture the potential energy of tides.
It’s a combination of Flood and Ebb.
The proposed Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay in
Wales, United Kingdom would be the first tidal
power station of this type once built.
16
17. Types of Turbines used:
Propeller type:
• Used at Medium or low head Usually at Vertical
channel Not suitable
Tube Turbine:
• For lower heads Generator is placed outside
water
Bulb Turbines:
• Used in Horizontal flow Most used Generator is
placed within a bulb like structure
17
18. Global Tidal Energy Scenario
Tidal power is not yet widely used around the
world, though it has potential for future
electricity generation.
La Rance Tidal Power Station (240 MW) is
the world's first large-scale tidal power plant in
France that became operational in 1966.
It is also the second largest tidal power station in
the world, in terms of installed capacity, after the
Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station (254 MW).
18
19. Tidal Power Stations in World
The major tidal power projects are in operation
in South Korea (254 MW), France (240 MW),
and Canada (20 MW).
France, Russia, China, Canada, United
Kingdom and South Korea have set up tidal
power projects.
The total installed capacity of tidal power
projects in these countries is about 520 MW.
19
20. Indian Tidal Energy Scenario
India has a long coastline with the estuaries and gulfs where tides are strong enough to move turbines for
electrical power generation.
The Gulf of Cambay and the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat on the west coast have the maximum tidal range
of 11m and 8m with average tidal range of 6.77m and 5.23m respectively.
The Ganges Delta in the Sundarbans is approximately 5m with an average tidal range of 2.97m.
No tidal power generation plant has been installed in India due to its high cost of generation of
electricity and lack of techno economic viability.
20
21. Pros & Cons of Tidal Power
Advantages
Predictable unlike solar or wind energy.
Clean and environment-friendly.
High opportunities in R&D.
Effective at Low Speeds because water
has 1000 times higher density than air.
which makes it possible to generate
electricity at low speeds.
Disadvantages
Work for only about 10 hours a day.
High cost of installation and generation.
Flooding and ecological changes.
Limited availability of tidal sites.
Corrosion and Maintenance.
It is harmful for marine wildlife.
21
22. Economics
Tidal energy is not cost competitive because it is
generally not commercially available.
When selecting a spot to set up a tidal energy
station it is important to make sure that it will be
economically feasible.
To set up a tidal facility with an average annual
output of 1050 MW would cost about 1.2 billion
dollars, not including maintenance and running
costs.
This is far more expensive than coal and oil.
22
23. Improvements Possible &
Conclusions
Optimizing existing schemes.
Studies to minimize the environmental impact.
Although tidal energy is a clean, predictable and renewable energy, it has three drawbacks: very
expensive infrastructures, limited availability of sites with the specific requirements and an
insufficiently developed technology.
In the next few years, new advances, research and the construction of cheaper infrastructures will
make tidal energy more usual because of its predictability.
23
24. FUTURE ?
In a society with increasing energy needs, it is becoming more and more important to
have alternative sources of power to keep up with the ever growing energy demand.
The capacity of tidal energy exceeds that of coal and oil and is renewable.
The Department of Energy has shown great enthusiasm in regards to tidal power as the
perfect energy source for the future.
24
25. SCOPE
Developing nations which could receive significant
benefits:
• Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives,
Seychelles
• Asia: India, China, Korea, Vietnam
• Pacific Ocean: Fiji, Kiribati, Timor, Samoa,
PNG(Papua New Guinea)
• Central and south America: Argentina, Brazil,
Ecuador, Panama
• Atlantic Oceans: Cape Verde
25
