A thermodynamics system is defined as a definite space or area where the study of energy transfer and conversions is made. The system is separated from its surroundings by a boundary, which may be fixed, movable, or imaginary. Anything outside the system that affects its behavior is part of the surroundings. There are three types of thermodynamic systems - open systems, where mass and energy can transfer between the system and surroundings; closed systems, where only energy can transfer; and isolated systems, where neither mass nor energy can transfer. Examples of open systems include internal combustion engines and boilers, while pressure cookers and thermos flasks are examples of closed and isolated systems respectively. Thermodynamic properties are any measurable characteristics of

3. SYSTEM,BOUNDARY, SURROUNDINGS
System -A thermodynamics system is defined a
definite space or area on which the study
of Energy Transfer and Energy conversions
is made
Boundary –The system and surrounding are
separated by boundary. It may be fixed
or movable or imaginary.It will not
occupy any volume or mass in space

4. Surroundings -
Anything outside the system which
affects the behaviour of the system is
known as surroundings
Control volume – A specified large number thermal
device has mass flow in and out of
a system called as control volume
Control surface – Both mass and Energy can cross
the boundary of a control volume
which is called control surface

5. CLASSIFICATION OF
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM
 Open system:-in open system, the mass as
well as energy transfer may take place
between system and its surroundings.
 Most of Engineering devices are open
system.

6. EXAMPLE OF OPEN SYSTEM:-
 Internal combustion engines
 Air compressor
 Water pump
 Steam engine
 Boiler
 Tutbine

7. CLOSED SYSTEM:-
*In closed system, the mass with in the
boundary of the system remains
constant and only the energy transfer
may take place between the system
and its surroundings.
Examples of closed system
1.Pressure cooker
2.A rubber balloon filled with air and tightly
closed
3.The gas confined between a piston and
cylinder

8. ISOLATED SYSTEM:-
*In an isolated system,neither mass nor
energy transfer takes place between the
system and its surroundings.
Examples of isolated system
1.Thermos flask
2.The universe

9. THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTY
Property - It is defined as any measurable or observable
characteristics of the substance when the system
remains in equilibrium state.(ie) pressure, temp,
density, volume, Energy, specific volume
Intensive property - One whose value does not depend on the
mass of the system, like
temperature,pressure,density,
specific volume, etc.
(or) These properties are Independent on
the mass of the system, these properties
remain same
Extensive property - One whose value depends on the mass of
the system, like volume, total Energy, etc