Topic 1- basic concept of thermodynamic system
•
0 likes•87 views
This document defines key concepts in thermodynamics including systems, surroundings, boundaries, and different types of systems. It explains that a thermodynamic system is the quantity of matter or region being studied, while the surroundings are the mass or region outside the system. A boundary separates the system and surroundings. Systems can be closed, open, or isolated depending on whether mass and/or energy are transferred across the boundary. Closed systems allow energy transfer but not mass transfer, open systems allow both, and isolated systems allow neither. Control volumes refer to open systems of fixed volume where both mass and energy can cross the boundary or control surface.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Thermodynamic system
This presentation defines a thermodynamic system as a quantity of matter that is the focus of analysis to study changes in properties from the exchange of heat and work with surroundings. Thermodynamic systems can be open, closed, or isolated. An open system allows for mass and energy transfer with surroundings, like engines. A closed system keeps mass constant while allowing energy transfer, like a pressure cooker. An isolated system exchanges neither mass nor energy, like a thermos flask or the universe.
Fundamentals of thermodynamics
This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of thermodynamics. It defines key concepts such as systems, surroundings, boundaries, properties, and processes. It describes different types of systems including closed, open, and isolated systems. It also defines intensive and extensive properties, and explains thermodynamic equilibrium, states, paths, processes, cycles, and pure substances.
Thermodynamic sysytem and control volume and properties
A thermodynamics system is defined as a definite space or area where the study of energy transfer and conversions is made. The system is separated from its surroundings by a boundary, which may be fixed, movable, or imaginary. Anything outside the system that affects its behavior is part of the surroundings.
There are three types of thermodynamic systems - open systems, where mass and energy can transfer between the system and surroundings; closed systems, where only energy can transfer; and isolated systems, where neither mass nor energy can transfer. Examples of open systems include internal combustion engines and boilers, while pressure cookers and thermos flasks are examples of closed and isolated systems respectively.
Thermodynamic properties are any measurable characteristics of
Fundamentals
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
Download:
http://skillcruise.com/academics/mechanical-engineering/thermodynamics/
Basic concepts and laws of thermodynamics
The document provides an overview of basic thermodynamics concepts including:
- Thermodynamics deals with heat, work, temperature and their relation to energy and matter.
- Key terms like system, surroundings, state functions, extensive/intensive properties, and processes are defined.
- The three laws of thermodynamics are summarized: 1) energy is conserved, 2) entropy always increases, and 3) entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero.
- Equations for several thermodynamic properties and processes like enthalpy, entropy, and adiabatic, isochoric and isothermal processes are also presented.
Basics of Thermodynamics with problems
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Given: Initial diameter (D1) = 0.5 m
Initial pressure (P1) = 500 kPa
Final diameter (D2) = 0.55 m
2) The pressure is proportional to diameter. So we can write:
P/P1 = (D/D1)n
Where n is the proportionality constant.
3) Since the process is reversible, n = 1 (based on the property of reversible process where PV must be proportional to T).
4) Putting n = 1 in the above equation, we get:
P2/P1 = (D2/D1
Thermodynamic systems and properties
notes on thermodynamics system and properties ,which is the on of the basics of thermodynamics useful for mechanical ,chemical engineering,physics students also can read this. for practice objective questions on thermodynamic visit www.testindia24x7.com free online web portal
Basic principles and_concepts_of_thermod
The document defines key thermodynamics concepts including:
- Systems and surroundings, with closed and open systems described
- Intensive and extensive properties of systems
- States of systems and quasi-equilibrium processes
- The four laws of thermodynamics
- Common units used and conversions between units
- Properties including mass, weight, density, specific volume, and specific gravity
Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating various thermodynamic properties.
Recommended
Thermodynamic system
This presentation defines a thermodynamic system as a quantity of matter that is the focus of analysis to study changes in properties from the exchange of heat and work with surroundings. Thermodynamic systems can be open, closed, or isolated. An open system allows for mass and energy transfer with surroundings, like engines. A closed system keeps mass constant while allowing energy transfer, like a pressure cooker. An isolated system exchanges neither mass nor energy, like a thermos flask or the universe.
Fundamentals of thermodynamics
This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of thermodynamics. It defines key concepts such as systems, surroundings, boundaries, properties, and processes. It describes different types of systems including closed, open, and isolated systems. It also defines intensive and extensive properties, and explains thermodynamic equilibrium, states, paths, processes, cycles, and pure substances.
Thermodynamic sysytem and control volume and properties
A thermodynamics system is defined as a definite space or area where the study of energy transfer and conversions is made. The system is separated from its surroundings by a boundary, which may be fixed, movable, or imaginary. Anything outside the system that affects its behavior is part of the surroundings.
There are three types of thermodynamic systems - open systems, where mass and energy can transfer between the system and surroundings; closed systems, where only energy can transfer; and isolated systems, where neither mass nor energy can transfer. Examples of open systems include internal combustion engines and boilers, while pressure cookers and thermos flasks are examples of closed and isolated systems respectively.
Thermodynamic properties are any measurable characteristics of
Fundamentals
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
Download:
http://skillcruise.com/academics/mechanical-engineering/thermodynamics/
Basic concepts and laws of thermodynamics
The document provides an overview of basic thermodynamics concepts including:
- Thermodynamics deals with heat, work, temperature and their relation to energy and matter.
- Key terms like system, surroundings, state functions, extensive/intensive properties, and processes are defined.
- The three laws of thermodynamics are summarized: 1) energy is conserved, 2) entropy always increases, and 3) entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero.
- Equations for several thermodynamic properties and processes like enthalpy, entropy, and adiabatic, isochoric and isothermal processes are also presented.
Basics of Thermodynamics with problems
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Given: Initial diameter (D1) = 0.5 m
Initial pressure (P1) = 500 kPa
Final diameter (D2) = 0.55 m
2) The pressure is proportional to diameter. So we can write:
P/P1 = (D/D1)n
Where n is the proportionality constant.
3) Since the process is reversible, n = 1 (based on the property of reversible process where PV must be proportional to T).
4) Putting n = 1 in the above equation, we get:
P2/P1 = (D2/D1
Thermodynamic systems and properties
notes on thermodynamics system and properties ,which is the on of the basics of thermodynamics useful for mechanical ,chemical engineering,physics students also can read this. for practice objective questions on thermodynamic visit www.testindia24x7.com free online web portal
Basic principles and_concepts_of_thermod
The document defines key thermodynamics concepts including:
- Systems and surroundings, with closed and open systems described
- Intensive and extensive properties of systems
- States of systems and quasi-equilibrium processes
- The four laws of thermodynamics
- Common units used and conversions between units
- Properties including mass, weight, density, specific volume, and specific gravity
Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating various thermodynamic properties.
Fundamentals of thermodynamics
Point function and Path function, quasi
static process, Equilibrium, Temperature (concepts, scales, international fixed points and
measurement of temperature), Constant volume gas thermometer and constant pressure gas
thermometer, mercury in glass thermometer.
Basic Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms (first law of thermodynamics). Heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature (second law of thermodynamics). Thermodynamics is the study of energy and how it transfers between systems and their surroundings. A system is a quantity of matter selected for study, while surroundings are what is outside the system boundary.
Thermodynamics 1
This document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics. It defines thermodynamics as the branch of physics dealing with the conversion of heat into useful work. The document outlines important thermodynamic concepts like system, surroundings, heat, work, state variables, processes (reversible, irreversible, cyclic), and laws (zeroth law, first law). It provides equations to describe processes like isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric. The first law of thermodynamics relates the changes in internal energy, heat, and work in a system.
Thermodynamics basics
Thermodynamics is the science of energy and its transformation. It originated from the Greek words "therme" meaning heat and "dynamis" meaning power. Thermodynamics has applications in household appliances, industrial equipment like engines, and power plants. There are microscopic and macroscopic approaches to studying thermodynamics. The macroscopic approach does not require knowledge of molecular behavior while the microscopic approach considers average behavior of molecules. A system and its surroundings are separated by a boundary which can be fixed or movable. Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on how mass and energy cross the boundary.
Thermodynamics Lectures Notes 1
To download this lecture notes kindly visit website or contact me
Topics include: visit my website (www.mech-4u.weebly.com)
1) introduction to thermodynamics
2) basics concepts of thermodynamics
3) types of system
4) properties of system
5) zeroth law of thermodynamics
6) concept of heat and work
7) properties of steam
8) properties of ideal gas
Basic thermodynamics
The document discusses basic concepts in thermodynamics including:
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved and can change forms but not be created or destroyed.
- The second law asserts that energy has both quantity and quality, and actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy.
- A system is a quantity of matter or space chosen for study, it can exchange energy but not mass with its surroundings. A system's properties can be intensive or extensive depending on whether they depend on the system size.
types of systems
This document defines different types of thermodynamic systems - open, closed, and isolated. An open system allows both mass and energy to flow in and out across its boundary, like a container of heated water. A closed system only allows energy like heat to pass through its boundary, like water heated in a closed vessel. An isolated system does not interact with its surroundings and does not allow mass or energy transfer across its boundary, like a perfectly insulated rigid closed vessel.
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS(Basics concept of thermodynamics)
This document provides an overview of basic thermodynamics concepts. It introduces thermodynamics as the study of heat, temperature, energy, and work. It describes the microscopic and macroscopic viewpoints and defines a thermodynamic system and control volume. The document outlines different types of systems - closed, open, and isolated. It defines thermodynamic properties as measurable characteristics of a substance in equilibrium, distinguishing between intensive and extensive properties. Finally, it defines homogeneous systems consisting of a single phase and heterogeneous systems containing two or more phases.
GATE Coaching Classes in Chandigarh
This document provides an overview of key concepts in thermodynamics including:
- Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on whether matter and energy flow across the boundary. Most engineering systems are open.
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form from heat to work and vice versa. Heat and work transfers occur across boundaries between a system and its surroundings.
- A thermodynamic cycle occurs when a system returns to its initial state. Cycles include processes like constant volume, constant pressure, and adiabatic processes.
- Thermodynamic properties include intensive properties that are independent of mass like pressure and temperature, and extensive properties that
Complete Thermodynamics GATE/IES/All Exams: Chp1 C-3 Property, State, Continu...
This document discusses key concepts in engineering thermodynamics including property, state, continuum, and equilibrium. It defines property as a macroscopic characteristic of a system like mass, volume, and temperature. Properties are either intensive, meaning they are independent of system size, or extensive, meaning they depend on system size. A continuum is assumed when the characteristic length of a system is much larger than the mean free path of molecules. The state of a system is defined by specifying values of measurable properties that determine all other properties. Thermodynamic equilibrium exists when there are no unbalanced potentials within a system, meaning its properties remain unchanged if external conditions are unchanged.
Basics of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its transformation. It discusses the relationship between heat, work, and the physical properties of systems. Some applications of thermodynamics include pressure cookers, internal combustion engines, steam plants, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, chemical plants, and jet propulsion. The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. A system can be described either through a macroscopic or microscopic approach. The macroscopic approach considers properties like pressure and temperature without examining molecular-level events, while the microscopic approach considers molecular motion and properties like velocity and kinetic energy.
Thermodynamics lecture 1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in thermodynamics. It discusses systems and their properties, equilibrium states, and the nature of thermodynamic processes. Specifically, it defines (1) thermodynamics as the study of heat, work, and energy changes during material transformations, (2) systems and their interaction with surroundings, (3) properties and equilibrium states defined by property values, and (4) the classification of extensive, intensive, and specific properties.
Thermodynamics Lecture 1
The document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including:
1. It defines systems, surroundings, boundaries, properties, states, paths, processes, cycles, and equilibrium.
2. It explains heat, work, temperature, and the different mechanisms of heat transfer.
3. It introduces the three laws of thermodynamics and their implications for engineering systems and processes.
Thermodynamics notes[1]
The document discusses thermodynamics from both macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints. It defines key concepts like system, surroundings, open and closed systems, intensive and extensive properties, state, equilibrium, processes, cycles, work, heat transfer, and different types of thermodynamic processes. Specific processes discussed include isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, and polytropic processes. The document also explains the zeroth law of thermodynamics and its importance for temperature measurement.
chapter one: Introduction to Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the science of energy and energy transformations. The name comes from the Greek words for heat and power. Some key points:
- Thermodynamics studies the transformation of various forms of energy, especially heat and work, and relationships between properties of matter.
- A fundamental law is the conservation of energy principle - energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
- Thermodynamics emerged in the industrial revolution to study engines and energy conversion. The first and second laws were established in the 1850s.
- Properties, processes, state, equilibrium, closed and open systems, intensive/extensive properties, and the equation of state are some core concepts in ther
Basis review of thermodynamics_Aircraft Propulsion
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in thermodynamics. It discusses why thermodynamics is important for understanding energy usage in society. It defines key thermodynamic concepts like system, surroundings, boundary, state, property, process, cycle, and equilibrium. It also covers the zeroth law of thermodynamics and defines temperature. The document aims to introduce foundational thermodynamic terms and concepts.
First law of thermodynamics, temperature scales
This document provides an overview of thermodynamics presented by Ch.Sravanthi. It begins with defining thermodynamics as the branch of physics dealing with energy, equilibrium, and energy transformations governed by physical laws. Thermodynamics is concerned with the amount of heat transfer as a system changes between equilibrium states. Engineering thermodynamics applies basic thermodynamics to solve engineering problems. The main branches of thermodynamics are then outlined as equilibrium thermodynamics including classical and statistical thermodynamics, chemical thermodynamics, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Several key concepts are then defined, including system, surroundings, boundary, state, process, cycle, and properties. The document concludes by discussing temperature, the zeroth
Thermodynamics note introduction, basic,laws of thermodynamics,exergy analysis
The document provides an overview of thermodynamics from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. It discusses the basic concepts, laws, and principles of thermodynamics including:
- The difference between macroscopic and microscopic views of thermodynamics.
- The basic terminology used in thermodynamics including system, surroundings, properties, processes, and equilibrium.
- The four main laws/principles of thermodynamics: zeroth law, first law (conservation of energy), second law (entropy always increases), and third law (entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero).
- Key concepts like state, state functions, path functions, extensive/intensive properties, pure substances, phases, and quasi
MICROSCOPIC & MACROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW , THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM & CONTROL VO...
Thermodynamics is science of energy transfer and its effects on properties.
Main aim is to convert disorganized form of energy into organized form of energy in an efficient manner. Based on the macroscopic approach which does not require knowledge of behavior of individual particles and is called classical thermodynamics.
BASICS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
TOPIC :: MICROSCOPIC & MACROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW , THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM & CONTROL VOLUME , THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Thermodynamics
M.THIRUNAVUKKARASU
Sr. LECTURER
Bharathiyar college of Engineering and Technology at karaikal
Tamil Nadu
More Related Content
What's hot
Fundamentals of thermodynamics
Point function and Path function, quasi
static process, Equilibrium, Temperature (concepts, scales, international fixed points and
measurement of temperature), Constant volume gas thermometer and constant pressure gas
thermometer, mercury in glass thermometer.
Basic Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms (first law of thermodynamics). Heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature (second law of thermodynamics). Thermodynamics is the study of energy and how it transfers between systems and their surroundings. A system is a quantity of matter selected for study, while surroundings are what is outside the system boundary.
Thermodynamics 1
This document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics. It defines thermodynamics as the branch of physics dealing with the conversion of heat into useful work. The document outlines important thermodynamic concepts like system, surroundings, heat, work, state variables, processes (reversible, irreversible, cyclic), and laws (zeroth law, first law). It provides equations to describe processes like isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, and isochoric. The first law of thermodynamics relates the changes in internal energy, heat, and work in a system.
Thermodynamics basics
Thermodynamics is the science of energy and its transformation. It originated from the Greek words "therme" meaning heat and "dynamis" meaning power. Thermodynamics has applications in household appliances, industrial equipment like engines, and power plants. There are microscopic and macroscopic approaches to studying thermodynamics. The macroscopic approach does not require knowledge of molecular behavior while the microscopic approach considers average behavior of molecules. A system and its surroundings are separated by a boundary which can be fixed or movable. Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on how mass and energy cross the boundary.
Thermodynamics Lectures Notes 1
To download this lecture notes kindly visit website or contact me
Topics include: visit my website (www.mech-4u.weebly.com)
1) introduction to thermodynamics
2) basics concepts of thermodynamics
3) types of system
4) properties of system
5) zeroth law of thermodynamics
6) concept of heat and work
7) properties of steam
8) properties of ideal gas
Basic thermodynamics
The document discusses basic concepts in thermodynamics including:
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved and can change forms but not be created or destroyed.
- The second law asserts that energy has both quantity and quality, and actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy.
- A system is a quantity of matter or space chosen for study, it can exchange energy but not mass with its surroundings. A system's properties can be intensive or extensive depending on whether they depend on the system size.
types of systems
This document defines different types of thermodynamic systems - open, closed, and isolated. An open system allows both mass and energy to flow in and out across its boundary, like a container of heated water. A closed system only allows energy like heat to pass through its boundary, like water heated in a closed vessel. An isolated system does not interact with its surroundings and does not allow mass or energy transfer across its boundary, like a perfectly insulated rigid closed vessel.
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS(Basics concept of thermodynamics)
This document provides an overview of basic thermodynamics concepts. It introduces thermodynamics as the study of heat, temperature, energy, and work. It describes the microscopic and macroscopic viewpoints and defines a thermodynamic system and control volume. The document outlines different types of systems - closed, open, and isolated. It defines thermodynamic properties as measurable characteristics of a substance in equilibrium, distinguishing between intensive and extensive properties. Finally, it defines homogeneous systems consisting of a single phase and heterogeneous systems containing two or more phases.
GATE Coaching Classes in Chandigarh
This document provides an overview of key concepts in thermodynamics including:
- Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on whether matter and energy flow across the boundary. Most engineering systems are open.
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form from heat to work and vice versa. Heat and work transfers occur across boundaries between a system and its surroundings.
- A thermodynamic cycle occurs when a system returns to its initial state. Cycles include processes like constant volume, constant pressure, and adiabatic processes.
- Thermodynamic properties include intensive properties that are independent of mass like pressure and temperature, and extensive properties that
Complete Thermodynamics GATE/IES/All Exams: Chp1 C-3 Property, State, Continu...
This document discusses key concepts in engineering thermodynamics including property, state, continuum, and equilibrium. It defines property as a macroscopic characteristic of a system like mass, volume, and temperature. Properties are either intensive, meaning they are independent of system size, or extensive, meaning they depend on system size. A continuum is assumed when the characteristic length of a system is much larger than the mean free path of molecules. The state of a system is defined by specifying values of measurable properties that determine all other properties. Thermodynamic equilibrium exists when there are no unbalanced potentials within a system, meaning its properties remain unchanged if external conditions are unchanged.
Basics of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its transformation. It discusses the relationship between heat, work, and the physical properties of systems. Some applications of thermodynamics include pressure cookers, internal combustion engines, steam plants, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, chemical plants, and jet propulsion. The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. A system can be described either through a macroscopic or microscopic approach. The macroscopic approach considers properties like pressure and temperature without examining molecular-level events, while the microscopic approach considers molecular motion and properties like velocity and kinetic energy.
Thermodynamics lecture 1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in thermodynamics. It discusses systems and their properties, equilibrium states, and the nature of thermodynamic processes. Specifically, it defines (1) thermodynamics as the study of heat, work, and energy changes during material transformations, (2) systems and their interaction with surroundings, (3) properties and equilibrium states defined by property values, and (4) the classification of extensive, intensive, and specific properties.
Thermodynamics Lecture 1
The document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including:
1. It defines systems, surroundings, boundaries, properties, states, paths, processes, cycles, and equilibrium.
2. It explains heat, work, temperature, and the different mechanisms of heat transfer.
3. It introduces the three laws of thermodynamics and their implications for engineering systems and processes.
What's hot (13)
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS(Basics concept of thermodynamics)
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS(Basics concept of thermodynamics)
Complete Thermodynamics GATE/IES/All Exams: Chp1 C-3 Property, State, Continu...
Complete Thermodynamics GATE/IES/All Exams: Chp1 C-3 Property, State, Continu...
Similar to Topic 1- basic concept of thermodynamic system
Thermodynamics notes[1]
The document discusses thermodynamics from both macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints. It defines key concepts like system, surroundings, open and closed systems, intensive and extensive properties, state, equilibrium, processes, cycles, work, heat transfer, and different types of thermodynamic processes. Specific processes discussed include isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, and polytropic processes. The document also explains the zeroth law of thermodynamics and its importance for temperature measurement.
chapter one: Introduction to Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the science of energy and energy transformations. The name comes from the Greek words for heat and power. Some key points:
- Thermodynamics studies the transformation of various forms of energy, especially heat and work, and relationships between properties of matter.
- A fundamental law is the conservation of energy principle - energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
- Thermodynamics emerged in the industrial revolution to study engines and energy conversion. The first and second laws were established in the 1850s.
- Properties, processes, state, equilibrium, closed and open systems, intensive/extensive properties, and the equation of state are some core concepts in ther
Basis review of thermodynamics_Aircraft Propulsion
This document provides an overview of basic concepts in thermodynamics. It discusses why thermodynamics is important for understanding energy usage in society. It defines key thermodynamic concepts like system, surroundings, boundary, state, property, process, cycle, and equilibrium. It also covers the zeroth law of thermodynamics and defines temperature. The document aims to introduce foundational thermodynamic terms and concepts.
First law of thermodynamics, temperature scales
This document provides an overview of thermodynamics presented by Ch.Sravanthi. It begins with defining thermodynamics as the branch of physics dealing with energy, equilibrium, and energy transformations governed by physical laws. Thermodynamics is concerned with the amount of heat transfer as a system changes between equilibrium states. Engineering thermodynamics applies basic thermodynamics to solve engineering problems. The main branches of thermodynamics are then outlined as equilibrium thermodynamics including classical and statistical thermodynamics, chemical thermodynamics, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Several key concepts are then defined, including system, surroundings, boundary, state, process, cycle, and properties. The document concludes by discussing temperature, the zeroth
Thermodynamics note introduction, basic,laws of thermodynamics,exergy analysis
The document provides an overview of thermodynamics from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. It discusses the basic concepts, laws, and principles of thermodynamics including:
- The difference between macroscopic and microscopic views of thermodynamics.
- The basic terminology used in thermodynamics including system, surroundings, properties, processes, and equilibrium.
- The four main laws/principles of thermodynamics: zeroth law, first law (conservation of energy), second law (entropy always increases), and third law (entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero).
- Key concepts like state, state functions, path functions, extensive/intensive properties, pure substances, phases, and quasi
MICROSCOPIC & MACROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW , THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM & CONTROL VO...
Thermodynamics is science of energy transfer and its effects on properties.
Main aim is to convert disorganized form of energy into organized form of energy in an efficient manner. Based on the macroscopic approach which does not require knowledge of behavior of individual particles and is called classical thermodynamics.
BASICS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
TOPIC :: MICROSCOPIC & MACROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW , THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM & CONTROL VOLUME , THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
Thermodynamics
M.THIRUNAVUKKARASU
Sr. LECTURER
Bharathiyar college of Engineering and Technology at karaikal
Tamil Nadu
Thermo lecture no.2
Thermodynamics is defined as the science of energy. It studies the transformation of heat into mechanical work and vice versa. Thermodynamics has applications in systems like the human body, refrigerators, engines, turbines, heaters, and solar collectors. A system is defined as the quantity of matter under study, surrounded by its surroundings. A boundary separates the system and surroundings. Closed systems do not allow mass transfer while open systems do. Equilibrium exists when properties do not vary within a system. State refers to the condition defined by properties like temperature, pressure and volume. Quasi-static processes are reversible while non-quasi-static processes are irreversible. Cycles occur when a system returns to its original state.
ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-UNIT 1
Thermodynamics deals with the conversion of energy from one form to another, mainly heat into work or vice versa. Some applications of thermodynamics include power generation, automobiles, processing industries, and gas compressors. The four main laws of thermodynamics are: (1) the zeroth law defines thermal equilibrium, (2) the first law concerns the conservation of energy and states that heat and work are different forms of energy transfer, (3) the second law concerns the entropy of the universe increasing, and (4) the third law relates entropy and the absolute zero of temperature. Thermodynamic properties can be either intensive, which do not depend on system size, or extensive, which do depend on system size. Ther
Application of Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics deals with the conversion of energy from one form to another, mainly heat into work or vice versa. Some applications of thermodynamics include power generation, automobiles, processing industries, and gas compressors. The four main laws of thermodynamics are: (1) the zeroth law defines thermal equilibrium, (2) the first law concerns the conservation of energy and states that heat and work are different forms of energy transfer, (3) the second law concerns the entropy of the universe increasing, and (4) the third law relates entropy to the absolute zero of temperature. Thermodynamic properties can be either intensive, which do not depend on system size, or extensive, which do depend on system size.
ME2036- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS BY Mr.P.SATHISH
The document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including:
- Systems can be open, closed, or isolated depending on whether work, heat, and mass cross the boundary.
- A system's state is defined by properties like temperature, pressure, and volume. A process occurs as the system moves between states.
- The first law of thermodynamics concerns the conservation of energy as work and heat are applied to a system. The second law concerns entropy.
- Systems must be in thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibrium for their properties to be well-defined and for reversible processes to occur. Temperature is a measure of thermal equilibrium.
Engineering Thermodynamics Lecture Notes
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Basics of thermodynamics
The document discusses different types of thermodynamic systems and their characteristics. It defines closed, open, and isolated systems based on whether they allow for mass and/or energy transfer with their surroundings. An adiabatic system exchanges work but not heat, while a homogeneous system consists of a single phase and a heterogeneous system consists of multiple phases. Any process that returns a system to its initial state is considered a cycle. Reversible processes occur through continuous equilibrium states while irreversible processes occur through non-equilibrium states. Temperature is proportional to the average molecular kinetic energy. Work is the product of a force and distance of displacement, and heat is something that flows due to a temperature difference between a system and its surroundings.
Thermodynamics Unit-I Basic.ppt
Thermodynamics is the science of energy and its transformations. A system exchanges heat and work with its surroundings across a boundary. A system's state is defined by properties like temperature, pressure, and volume, and it is in equilibrium when these properties do not change. Thermodynamic processes involve a system changing between equilibrium states, and can be classified as isobaric, isothermal, isochoric, or isentropic depending on which property remains constant during the process.
System, boundary
The document summarizes key concepts in thermodynamics including:
- The second law of thermodynamics which states that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.
- Closed, open, and isolated systems. A closed system does not allow matter to enter or leave, an open system does, and an isolated system exchanges neither energy nor matter.
- Properties of systems including intensive properties which do not depend on mass like temperature and pressure, and extensive properties which do depend on mass like volume.
- A cycle occurs when a process returns a system to its initial state. An ideal gas follows Boyle's law that pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
Thermodynamics Introduction
Thermodynamics deals with the energies possessed by gases and vapors. Thermal engineering applies thermodynamics to work-producing and absorbing devices. A thermodynamic system is the region where processes are studied, surrounded by a boundary. Closed systems have fixed mass but allow energy transfer, while open systems allow both energy and mass transfer. Properties describe a system's state, which can change through thermodynamic processes and cycles. Heat is energy transferred due to temperature differences, while work is energy from intensive property differences transferred across boundaries. The first law of thermodynamics concerns the conservation of energy.
Thermodynamics part2
This document provides an overview of key topics covered in part two of thermodynamics, including various types of thermodynamic systems and equilibrium, as well as thermodynamic processes. It discusses homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, and describes chemical, mechanical, thermal, and phase equilibrium. The document outlines important thermodynamic processes such as isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic processes.
Chemical thermodynamics
This document discusses key concepts in chemical thermodynamics including:
- Thermodynamics deals with different forms of energy and quantitative relationships between them. Chemical thermodynamics focuses on chemical changes.
- Systems, surroundings, boundaries, closed/open/isolated systems, and state functions like internal energy are defined.
- The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved and can be converted between different forms like work and heat but not created or destroyed.
Similar to Topic 1- basic concept of thermodynamic system (20)
Basis review of thermodynamics_Aircraft Propulsion
Basis review of thermodynamics_Aircraft Propulsion
Thermodynamics note introduction, basic,laws of thermodynamics,exergy analysis
Thermodynamics note introduction, basic,laws of thermodynamics,exergy analysis
MICROSCOPIC & MACROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW , THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM & CONTROL VO...
MICROSCOPIC & MACROSCOPIC POINT OF VIEW , THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM & CONTROL VO...
ME2036- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS BY Mr.P.SATHISH
ME2036- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS BY Mr.P.SATHISH
Recently uploaded
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
Volume URL: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2022.html
Abstract URL:https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijcnc/v14n5/14522cnc05.html
Pdf URL: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V14N5/14522cnc05.pdf
#scopuspublication #scopusindexed #callforpapers #researchpapers #cfp #researchers #phdstudent #researchScholar #journalpaper #submission #journalsubmission #WBAN #requirements #tailoredtreatment #MACstrategy #enhancedefficiency #protrcal #computing #analysis #wirelessbodyareanetworks #wirelessnetworks
#adhocnetwork #VANETs #OLSRrouting #routing #MPR #nderesidualenergy #korea #cognitiveradionetworks #radionetworks #rendezvoussequence
Here's where you can reach us : ijcnc@airccse.org or ijcnc@aircconline.com
Accident detection system project report.pdf
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 Standard
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
e qqqqqqqqqqeuwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiqw dddddddddd cccccccccccccccv s w c r
cdf cb bicbsad ishd d qwkbdwiur e wetwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww w
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffw
uuuuhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhe qiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuum
m
m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm m i
g i dijsd sjdnsjd ndjajsdnnsa adjdnawddddddddddddd uw
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
SELENIUM CONF -PALLAVI SHARMA - 2024.pdf
Begin your journey to contribute to Selenium - A Talk at the Selenium Conference 2024
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...Paris Salesforce Developer Group
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdf
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
* Registration is currently open *
Call for Research Papers!!!
Free – Extended Paper will be published as free of cost.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)
July 13 ~ 14, 2024, Virtual Conference
Webpage URL: https://aiad2024.org/index
Submission Deadline: June 22, 2024
Submission System URL:
https://aiad2024.org/submission/index.php
Contact Us:
Here's where you can reach us : aiad@aiad2024.org (or) aiadconference@yahoo.com
WikiCFP URL: http://wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=180509©ownerid=171656
#artificialintelligence #softcomputing #machinelearning #technology #datascience #python #deeplearning #tech #robotics #innovation #bigdata #coding #iot #computerscience #data #dataanalytics #engineering #robot #datascientist #software #automation #analytics #ml #pythonprogramming #programmer #digitaltransformation #developer #promptengineering #generativeai #genai #chatgpt #artificial #intelligence #datamining #networkscommunications #robotics #callforsubmission #submissionsopen #deadline #opencall #virtual #conference
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques.ppt
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques
一比一原版(USF毕业证)旧金山大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理旧金山大学毕业证USF学位证毕业证学位证【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理旧金山大学毕业证毕业证学位证USF学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(psu学位证书)美国匹兹堡州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(psu学位证书)美国匹兹堡州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(psu学位证书)美国匹兹堡州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(psu学位证书)美国匹兹堡州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(psu学位证书)美国匹兹堡州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(psu学位证书)美国匹兹堡州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Recently uploaded (20)
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
AI + Data Community Tour - Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstei...
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Advancements in Automobile Engineering for Sustainable Development.pdf
Advancements in Automobile Engineering for Sustainable Development.pdf
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...
Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
Call For Paper -3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advan...
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques.ppt
Ericsson LTE Throughput Troubleshooting Techniques.ppt
Literature review for prompt engineering of ChatGPT.pptx
Literature review for prompt engineering of ChatGPT.pptx
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
Topic 1- basic concept of thermodynamic system
- 1. THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER Page 2 UNIT I System: A thermodynamic system is defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space which is selected for the study. Suroundings: The mass or region outside the system is called surroundings. Boundary: The real or imaginary surfaces which separates the system and surroundings is called boundary. The real or imaginary surfaces which separates the system and surroundings is called boundary. Types of thermodynamic system On the basis of mass and energy transfer the thermodynamic system is divided into three types. 1. Closed system 2. Open system 3. Isolated system Closed system: A system in which the transfer of energy but not mass can takes place across the boundary is called closed system. The mass inside the closed system remains constant. For example: Boiling of water in a closed vessel. Since the water is boiled in closed vessel so the mass of water cannot escapes out of the boundary of the system but heat energy continuously entering and leaving the boundary of the vessel. It is an example of closed system. Open system: A system in which the transfer of both mass and energy takes place is called an open system. This system is also known as control volume.
- 2. THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER Page 3 For example: Boiling of water in an open vessel is an example of open system because the water and heat energy both enters and leaves the boundary of the vessel. Isolated system: A system in which the transfer of mass and energy cannot takes place is called an isolated system. For example: Tea present in a thermos flask. In this the heat and the mass of the tea cannot cross the boundary of the thermos flask. Hence the thermos flak is an isolated system. Control Volume: Its a system of fixed volume. This type of system is usually referred to as "open system” or a "control volume" Mass transfer can take place across a control volume. Energy transfer may also occur into or out of the system. Control Surface- Its the boundary of a control volume across which the transfer of both mass and energy takes place. The mass of a control volume (open system) may or may not be fixed. When the net influx of mass across the control surface equals zero then the mass of the system is fixed and vice-versa. The identity of mass in a control volume always changes unlike the case for a control mass system (closed system). Most of the engineering devices, in general, represent an open system or control volume. Example: Heat exchanger - Fluid enters and leaves the system continuously with the transfer of heat across the system boundary. Pump - A continuous flow of fluid takes place through the system with a transfer of mechanical energy from the surroundings to the system