Most matter expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The volume of a material generally increases as its temperature increases, with the fractional change in length or volume defined as the coefficient of linear expansion. Charles' Law states that for a given temperature change, all gases expand by the same amount of volume, while Boyle's Law says the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure if temperature is held constant. The General Gas Law combines these, relating the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

1. In Solids, Liquids and Gases

2. Most matter expands when heated and
contracts when cooled
General increase in the volume of a
material is its temperature is increased
Fractional change in length or volume per
unit temperature change

3. ∆𝐿 = 𝛼𝐿𝑜∆𝑇Change in
Length
Coefficient
of Linear
Expansion
Change in
Temperature
Original
Length

4. Charles Law (constant pressure)
-For a given temperature change, all
gases expanded by the same amount
of volume.
-
𝑉1
𝑉2
=
𝑇1
𝑇2

5. Boyle’s Law
-If temperature held constant, the
volume of the gas varies inversely
with its pressure.
- 𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

6. General Gas Law
-Combination of Charles Law and
Boyle’s Law
-
𝑃1 𝑉1
𝑇1
=
𝑃2 𝑉2
𝑇2

7. With the pressure held constant, the
volume of a gas will be doubled if its
temperature is increased from 120°C to
what final temperature?