3. SCIENCE 10
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
Review
In your grade 8 chemistry, you learned different properties of Gases. Gases
have important fundamental properties that are measurable such as volume, pressure,
temperature, and amount of the gas or number of moles. Fill in each blank with a
measurable property of gases: volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of gas.
1. The ______________ of a gas is the force exerted by the gas per unit area.
2. The __________________ can be expressed in milliliters (mL), cubic centimeters
(cm3), cubic meter (m3), and liter (L).
3. The_________________ of a gas depends on the kinetic energy of a gas. It is generally
expressed in Fahrenheit (0F), Celsius degree (0C), and Kelvin (K).
4. The _______________ of gas or the mass of gas is related to the number of moles
of the gas. The number of moles of a gas is the ratio of the mass of a certain gas and its
molar mass. In symbols, n=m/M.
5. The SI unit of _________________ is Pascal (Pa), named after the scientist
Blaise Pascal. This unit is equivalent to a force of 1 Newton acting on 1 square meter
(N/m2).
4. SCIENCE 10
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
Review
In your grade 8 chemistry, you learned different properties of Gases. Gases
have important fundamental properties that are measurable such as volume, pressure,
temperature, and amount of the gas or number of moles. Fill in each blank with a
measurable property of gases: volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of gas.
1. The ______________ of a gas is the force exerted by the gas per unit area.
2. The __________________ can be expressed in milliliters (mL), cubic centimeters
(cm3), cubic meter (m3), and liter (L).
3. The_________________ of a gas depends on the kinetic energy of a gas. It is generally
expressed in Fahrenheit (0F), Celsius degree (0C), and Kelvin (K).
4. The _______________ of gas or the mass of gas is related to the number of moles
of the gas. The number of moles of a gas is the ratio of the mass of a certain gas and its
molar mass. In symbols, n=m/M.
5. The SI unit of _________________ is Pascal (Pa), named after the scientist
Blaise Pascal. This unit is equivalent to a force of 1 Newton acting on 1 square meter
(N/m2).
ANSWERCARD
PRESSURE
VOLUME
TEMPERATURE
AMOUNT
PRESSURE
8. OBJECTIVES
1.Explain the relationship
between Volume and
temperature at constant
pressure of gas (S9MT-IIj-
20-3).
2. Identify correct
equations and units
involved in Charles’ Law.
.
3. Appreciate Charles’
Law and cite its
practical applications in
our daily life.
9. PRE-TEST
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which among the units of measurement below can be the correct unit of
temperature?
(i). Celsius degree (0C) (iii). Fahrenheit (0F)
(ii). cubic meter (m3) (iv). Kelvin (K)
A. (i) only C. (i), (iii), and (iv) only
B. (i) and (ii) only D. (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
2.Charles’ Law experiment showed that various gases expanded by the same
amount when heated through the same temperature interval. What is the
mathematical expression of Charles’ Law?
A. V1T1 = V2T2 C. V2T2 = V1T2
B. V1 = T1 D. V1 = V2
T2 V2 T1 T2
3. Jacques Alexandre Charles performed an experiment in a balloon, hot water,
and cold water. Which of the following statements is proposed in Charles’ Law?
A. the Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related at
constant pressure.
B. The pressure of a fixed amount of a gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature (Kelvin).
C. The volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
D. The volume of a gas varies directly with the number of moles and absolute
temperature and inversely proportional with pressure.
4. A 132 mL of gas is measured at 380C. If the pressure remains
constant, what will be the volume of the gas at 100C?
A. 34.74 mL C. 311.15 mL
B. 120. 12 mL D. 37, 375.8 mL
5. Application of Charles’ Law can be seen as one flies in a hot air
balloon, when heated, causes the air to expand; thus, becomes
lighter and so it rises. Which of the following is another application
of Charles’ Law?
A. A flat tire takes up less volume than an inflated tire.
B. An inflated balloon shrinks when placed inside the refrigerator.
C. A helium-filled balloon weights much less than an identical
balloon filled with air.
D. A syringe plunger being pressed down to draw out the fluid
causes the volume inside the syringe to decrease while increasing
pressure inside.
10. PRE-TEST
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which among the units of measurement below can be the correct unit of
temperature?
(i). Celsius degree (0C) (iii). Fahrenheit (0F)
(ii). cubic meter (m3) (iv). Kelvin (K)
A. (i) only C. (i), (iii), and (iv) only
B. (i) and (ii) only D. (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
2.Charles’ Law experiment showed that various gases expanded by the same
amount when heated through the same temperature interval. What is the
mathematical expression of Charles’ Law?
A. V1T1 = V2T2 C. V2T2 = V1T2
B. V1 = T1 D. V1 = V2
T2 V2 T1 T2
3. Jacques Alexandre Charles performed an experiment in a balloon, hot water,
and cold water. Which of the following statements is proposed in Charles’ Law?
A. the Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related at
constant pressure.
B. The pressure of a fixed amount of a gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature (Kelvin).
C. The volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
D. The volume of a gas varies directly with the number of moles and absolute
temperature and inversely proportional with pressure.
4. A 132 mL of gas is measured at 380C. If the pressure remains
constant, what will be the volume of the gas at 100C?
A. 34.74 mL C. 311.15 mL
B. 120. 12 mL D. 37, 375.8 mL
5. Application of Charles’ Law can be seen as one flies in a hot air
balloon, when heated, causes the air to expand; thus, becomes
lighter and so it rises. Which of the following is another application
of Charles’ Law?
A. A flat tire takes up less volume than an inflated tire.
B. An inflated balloon shrinks when placed inside the refrigerator.
C. A helium-filled balloon weights much less than an identical
balloon filled with air.
D. A syringe plunger being pressed down to draw out the fluid
causes the volume inside the syringe to decrease while increasing
pressure inside.
ANSWERCARD
12. ACTIVITY 1: DEMONSTRATING CHARLES’S LAW
Observe the illustrations in figure 2-3, read the
procedure then write your observations briefly. To
complete the discussions, fill in the blanks with the
following words: gases, temperature, and volume.
Fill
ME!
I. OBJECTIVE
At the end of the activity, you should be able to point
out examples that shows the relationship of volume and
temperature at constant pressure of a gas through observations.
II. MATERIALS:
Paper, pen, and illustrations of different objects
13. ACTIVITY 2. Relationship of
Volume and Temperature
at Constant Pressure
Know more
about
CHARLES
LAW
I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, you should be able to explain the relationship
between volume and temperature at constant pressure using Charles’ Law.
II. Materials: Paper and pen, equation of Charles’ Law, and calculator
Illustration:
Figure 4: Charles’ Law Equation
III. Procedure
1. Study the equation in figure 2, then solve the given problem step-by-step.
2. Be careful in dealing with the equation, mathematical operation, and the
correct units for the final answer.
3. Using the equation in figure 4, check your final answer by solving for its initial
temperature.
PROBLEMTOBESOLVED
A sample of gas has an initial volume of 44.8 mL and an initial
temperatureof415K.Whatisthenewvolumeifthetemperatureisincreasedto659K?
Assumeconstantpressureandamountofthegas.
14. ACTIVITY 2. Relationship of
Volume and Temperature
at Constant Pressure
Know more
about
CHARLES
LAW
I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, you should be able to explain the relationship
between volume and temperature at constant pressure using Charles’ Law.
II. Materials: Paper and pen, equation of Charles’ Law, and calculator
Illustration:
Figure 4: Charles’ Law Equation
III. Procedure
1. Study the equation in figure 2, then solve the given problem step-by-step.
2. Be careful in dealing with the equation, mathematical operation, and the
correct units for the final answer.
3. Using the equation in figure 4, check your final answer by solving for its initial
temperature.
PROBLEMTOBESOLVED
A sample of gas has an initial volume of 44.8 mL and an initial
temperatureof415K.Whatisthenewvolumeifthetemperatureisincreasedto659K?
Assumeconstantpressureandamountofthegas.
15. ACTIVITY 3
Charles’s Law Practical
Applications
1.Radio wave is in
wavelength than the gamma-ray.
2. Microwave is in energy
than Infrared.
EM WAVE
Radio wave
Microwave
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
(UV)
X-ray
Gamma ray
Wavelength (m)
> 1 x 10-1
1 x 10-3 – 1 x 10-1
7 x 10-7 – 1 x 10-3
4 x 10-7 – 7 x 10-7
1 x 10-8 – 4 x 10-7
1 x 10-11 – 1 x 10-
8
< 1 x 10-8
Frequency (Hz)
< 3 x 109
3 x 109 – 3 x 1011
3 x 1011 – 4 x 1014
4 x 1014 – 7.5 x 1014
7.5 x 1014 – 3 x 1016
3 x 1016 – 3 x 1019
> 3 x 1019
Energy (J)
< 2x 10-24
2 x 10-24 – 2 x 10-22
2 x 10-22 – 3 x 10-19
3 x 10-19 – 5 x 10-19
5 x 10-19 – 2 x 10-17
2 x 10-17 – 2 x 10-14
> 2 x 10-14
3. Visible light is in
frequency than X-ray.
4. Radio wave is in
energy than gamma-ray.
5.Infrared is in
wavelength than UV.
6. Visible light is in
frequency than radio wave.
Which of the EM wave has the
following characteristics :
8. highest energy?
9.lowest energy?
10.longest wavelength?
11. shortest wavelength?
12. lowest frequency?
12. highest frequency?
Study the table and the given illustrations below. Fill in each blank with
the correct word found in the box to complete the explanation on how do
Charles’s Law is applied in each situation.
16. ACTIVITY 3
Charles’s Law Practical
Applications
1.Radio wave is in
wavelength than the gamma-ray.
2. Microwave is in energy
than Infrared.
EM WAVE
Radio wave
Microwave
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
(UV)
X-ray
Gamma ray
Wavelength (m)
> 1 x 10-1
1 x 10-3 – 1 x 10-1
7 x 10-7 – 1 x 10-3
4 x 10-7 – 7 x 10-7
1 x 10-8 – 4 x 10-7
1 x 10-11 – 1 x 10-
8
< 1 x 10-8
Frequency (Hz)
< 3 x 109
3 x 109 – 3 x 1011
3 x 1011 – 4 x 1014
4 x 1014 – 7.5 x 1014
7.5 x 1014 – 3 x 1016
3 x 1016 – 3 x 1019
> 3 x 1019
Energy (J)
< 2x 10-24
2 x 10-24 – 2 x 10-22
2 x 10-22 – 3 x 10-19
3 x 10-19 – 5 x 10-19
5 x 10-19 – 2 x 10-17
2 x 10-17 – 2 x 10-14
> 2 x 10-14
3. Visible light is in
frequency than X-ray.
4. Radio wave is in
energy than gamma-ray.
5.Infrared is in
wavelength than UV.
6. Visible light is in
frequency than radio wave.
Which of the EM wave has the
following characteristics :
8. highest energy?
9.lowest energy?
10.longest wavelength?
11. shortest wavelength?
12. lowest frequency?
12. highest frequency?
Study the table and the given illustrations below. Fill in each blank with
the correct word found in the box to complete the explanation on how do
Charles’s Law is applied in each situation.
ANSWER CARD
GAS
DENSITY
CARBON
DIOXIDE
TEMPERATURE
17. CHARLES LAW AT A GLANCE
LECTURE
CHARLES LAW EQUATION
Jacques Alexandre Charles, a
French physicist, performed an
experiment using a balloon, hot water,
and cold water. Based on his
observations, he discovered the
relationship between the volume and
the temperature of gases at constant
pressure. He found out that various
gases expanded by the same amount
when heated through the same
temperature interval. Through his
observations, he proposed the Charles’
Law states that the Kelvin temperature
and the volume of a gas are directly
related when there is no change in
pressure.
18. CHARLES LAW AT A GLANCE
LECTURE
CHARLES LAW EQUATION
Charles' Law gives the
relationship between
volume and temperature
if the pressure (P) and
the amount of gas (n) are
held constant:
1. If the Kelvin temperature of a
gas is increased, the volume of
the gas increases. (P and n are
Constant)
2. If the Kelvin temperature of a
gas is decreased, the volume of
the gas decreases. (P and n are
Constant)
20. GENERALIZATION
To summarize what you have learned today, complete the statements by filling in each blank with a
correct answer using the word written in each balloon.
Charles's law is a gas law relates volume to temperature. The law is named after (1)
_____________________, who was a French inventor and scientist. He found through his experiment
the volume of a gas increases linearly with an increase in the (2) _____________________. Shrinking
of an inflated balloon and a bicycle tire in a very low temperature show the decrease of (3)
______________ which explains that the relationship of volume and temperature is directly related
at constant (4) ______________. For a given sample of gas under two different conditions at a
constant pressure, the equation can be written as (5) ________________________.
22. ASSESSMENT 1
DIRECTIONS:Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
before the number.
Direction: choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which among the units of measurements below can be the standard unit of
temperature?
A. Celsius B. Centigrade C. Fahrenheit D. Kelvin
2. Which of the equations below is used if the given problem asked you to solve for
the final volume of a certain gas?
A. V1T1 = V2T2 C. V2T2 = V1T2
B. V2 = V1T2 D. V1 = V2T2
T1 T1
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE in describing the relationship between
volume and temperature at constant pressure?
A. The Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related at constant
pressure.
B. The pressure of a fixed amount of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature (Kelvin).
C. The volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
D. The volume of a gas varies directly with the number of moles and absolute
temperature and inversely proportional with pressure.
23. ASSESSMENT 1
DIRECTIONS:Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
before the number.
4. Temperature should always be expressed in Kelvin (K). If A 600 mL sample of
nitrogen is heated from 27 °C to 77 °C at constant pressure. What is the final volume
of nitrogen?
A. 210.4mL B. 514.3 mL C. 700 mL D. 1,711.1 mL
5. As the temperature increases, the molecules within any given gas begin to move
around more quickly. What will happen to a helium balloon on a cold day?
A. The balloon will explode.
B. The balloon will crumble.
D. The balloon will be flattened.
D. The balloon will remain inflated.
24. ASSESSMENT 1
DIRECTIONS:Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
before the number.
Direction: choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which among the units of measurements below can be the standard unit of
temperature?
A. Celsius B. Centigrade C. Fahrenheit D. Kelvin
2. Which of the equations below is used if the given problem asked you to solve for
the final volume of a certain gas?
A. V1T1 = V2T2 C. V2T2 = V1T2
B. V2 = V1T2 D. V1 = V2T2
T1 T1
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE in describing the relationship between
volume and temperature at constant pressure?
A. The Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related at constant
pressure.
B. The pressure of a fixed amount of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute
temperature (Kelvin).
C. The volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
D. The volume of a gas varies directly with the number of moles and absolute
temperature and inversely proportional with pressure.
D
B
A
25. ASSESSMENT 1
DIRECTIONS:Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
before the number.
4. Temperature should always be expressed in Kelvin (K). If A 600 mL sample of
nitrogen is heated from 27 °C to 77 °C at constant pressure. What is the final volume
of nitrogen?
A. 210.4mL B. 514.3 mL C. 700 mL D. 1,711.1 mL
5. As the temperature increases, the molecules within any given gas begin to move
around more quickly. What will happen to a helium balloon on a cold day?
A. The balloon will explode.
B. The balloon will crumble.
D. The balloon will be flattened.
D. The balloon will remain inflated.
B
B
