The document discusses the history of leadership theories from classical management theories that viewed humans as machines to more modern theories like transformational leadership that focus on empowering employees and mutual decision making. It outlines theories like McGregor's X and Y factors, contingency theory, transactional theory, and transformational theory that shifted focus to employee satisfaction, motivation, and productivity. The document argues that more recent theories like servant leadership that prioritize followers are more effective approaches to leadership.

1. Assignment on
The history of leadership focus
Submitted to
Sir Zafar-uz-zaman
Submitted by
Ayesha Yaseen
MBO-2nd smster
Roll#007
Subject
Art of leadership and motivation
COMSATS institute of information technology lahore

2. The History of leadership focus
Review:
Leadership is a common thing in all passed area and has studies all over times. Leaders focus on
organization is for easy work environment, work life balance, empower the employees, and
supported them in work life so that they can work better. Actually organizational focus is and
concern is from difficult work environment to easier work environment. When industrial
revolution comes it changed leadership style. Classical management theory and scientific
management, both have same idea of theories. There was concept that, human were being
used s machines. It just considered about management by objectives. Emerging theories of
theorist are considered as most productive because people were considered as human beings.
Hawthore studies show that reactions of people effect on their work environment. Maslow’s
studies shows that if basic need of human fulfills them will perform better. Herzberg suggests
that there are some factors that increase employee satisfaction and employee dissatisfaction
toward work have influence on employee performance. Leaders must focus on employee
satisfaction and their productivity and also focus on their on actions. Bernard (1930) has great
achievement in behavioral components. McGregor theory based on two factors X and Y factor
theory. X type leader theory x suggest that people are motivated by incentives, rewards.
Contingency theory suggests that leader should act in a specific situation. There should be
ability to choose good leader in a specific situation. In 1970’s after behavioral theory
transactional theory come into existence in which daily work with daily based activities but they
not focus on whole situation and are also motivated by incentives rewards. Transformational
theory comes into existence which was the extension of transactional theory. In which includes
by only daily based activities but also mutual decision making and internal and external change.
Servant leadership is the extension of transformational leaders because in which followers are
considered first and foremost part of organization. It is more effective than traditional theories.