This document provides an introduction to organizational behavior. It defines organizational behavior as a field of study that examines how individuals, groups and structure influence behavior in organizations. It traces the origins of the field to the Industrial Revolution, scientific management, and the Hawthorne studies. It describes organizational behavior as interdisciplinary, applied, normative, and oriented toward organizational objectives. The roles and scope of organizational behavior include understanding and directing human behavior at individual, group, intergroup and organizational levels. Finally, it outlines the four main contributing disciplines to organizational behavior: psychology, sociology, social psychology, and anthropology.

1. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
MMS I (SEM I)
Introduction to
Organizational Behaviour
Ms. Sonali Murzello
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2. Organizational Behavior
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals,
groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations,
for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward
improving an organization’s effectiveness.
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3. Origin
Industrial Revolution – (1800)
Robert Owen, a young Welsh factory owner first emphasized human needs of
employees.
Scientific Management - (1900)
F.W. Taylor believed the importance of human behaviour at workplace.
The Human Relation Movement – (1929)
Hawthorne Studies – (1920-1940)
The studies conducted at Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne works in
Chicago by Elton Mayo a Professor of Industrial Research at the Harvard
School of Business Administration. He is also called father of Human
Relations Movement.
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4. Nature of O.B.
1. A field of Study & not a Discipline.
2. Interdisciplinary Approach.
3. An Applied Science.
4. Normative & Value Centered.
5. Humanistic & Optimistic.
6. Oriented towards Organizational Objective.
7. A Total Systems Approach.
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5. Role and Scope of O.B.
 Understanding Human Behaviour-
 Individual Level
 Interpersonal Level
 Group level
 Intergroup Level
 Controlling & Directing Human Behaviour-
 Use of Power & Sanction
 Leadership
 Communication
 Organizational Climate
 Organizational Adaption
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6. Contributing Disciplines to
the OB Field
 Psychology
 Sociology
 Social Psychology
 Anthropology
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7. Four Contributing Disciplines
 Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the
behavior of humans and other animals.
 Unit of Analysis:
• Individual
 Contributions to OB:
• Learning, motivation, personality, emotions, perception
• Training, leadership effectiveness, job satisfaction
• Individual decision making, performance appraisal, attitude
measurement
• Employee selection, work design, and work stress
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8. Four Contributing Disciplines
• Sociology
The study of people in relation to their fellow human
beings.
– Unit of Analysis:
– Group – Organizational System
– Contributions to OB:
 Group dynamics  Formal organization theory
 Work teams  Organizational technology
 Communication  Organizational change
 Power  Organizational culture
 Conflict
 Intergroup behavior
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9. Four Contributing Disciplines
 Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and
sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.
 Unit of Analysis:
• Group
 Contributions to OB:
• Behavioral change
• Attitude change
• Communication
• Group processes
• Group decision making
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10. Four Contributing Disciplines
• Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and
their activities.
– Unit of Analysis:
-- Organizational System -- Group
– Contributions to OB:
 Organizational culture  Comparative values
 Organizational environment  Comparative attitudes
 Cross-cultural analysis
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