The heart is a muscular pump located slightly left of the breastbone between the lungs. It is slightly larger than a fist and weighs between 200-425 grams. The heart has 4 chambers - upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles - separated by muscular walls. Blood flows through the heart, entering the right atrium from the body and exiting into the pulmonary artery to the lungs, then entering the left atrium from the lungs and exiting into the aorta to the body. Valves prevent backflow, and the conduction system generates electrical signals that coordinate heart contractions.
This presentation covers internal structures of heart like atria and ventricles & external structures like emerging blood vessels and grooves on the heart. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as teachers.
This presentation covers internal structures of heart like atria and ventricles & external structures like emerging blood vessels and grooves on the heart. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as teachers.
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
The cardiovascular system can be thought of as the transport system of the body.
This system has three main components: the heart, the blood vessel and the blood itself.
The heart is the system’s pump and the blood vessels are like the delivery routes.
Right Atrium of human heart
This PPT help to understand the external and internal structures of right atrium.
sulcus terminalis on external surface of rt atrium,
crista terminalis on internal side of rt. atrium,
interior is divided into rough anterior part and smooth posterior part ( sinus venarum)
superior and inferior venae cavae drains deoxygenated blood into rt. atrim
there is Eustachian valve to guard the opening of IVC and Thebesian valve to guard the opening of coronary sinus
septal wall presents fossa ovalis with its border limbus fossa ovalis
right ventricle internal and external features-
interior is divided into inflowing and outflowing parts (infundibulum)
inflowing part is rough due to trabeculae corneae, - ridges, bridges, pillars. Chordae tendineae- are attached to pillars and cusps of tricuspid valve.
outflowing part is smooth, semilunar valve guards opening of pulmonary valve
The cardiovascular system can be thought of as the transport system of the body.
This system has three main components: the heart, the blood vessel and the blood itself.
The heart is the system’s pump and the blood vessels are like the delivery routes.
How do the healthcare profession engage and convert potential customers into patients when using social media?
HBT Media has extensive experience developing and executing successful marketing strategies and campaigns for clients across the healthcare industry
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. POSITION OF THE HEART
The muscular pump
that is located between
lungs, slightly to the
left of the breastbone.
3. SIZE OF HEART
Slightly larger than a human fist.
Weight of between 200 to 425grams
Heart is beating approximately 100,000 times
everyday
4. Anatomy of the heart
Has 4 chambers
Upper chamber – called atria ( left and right)
Lower chamber – called ventricle (left and right)
All 4 chambers are separated by wall of muscle
known as the septum
6. Wall of the heart
Pericardium – the outer layer – the thin serous
membrane comprising the outer surface of the
heart.
Myocardium – middle layer – muscular wall of the
heart. This thickest middle layer of the heart is
composed of cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium – inner layer – smooth inner surface
of the heart chambers and the valves
7.
8. RIGHT ATRIUM
Receives blood from the body via superior and
inferior vena cava.
Highly distensible chamber - accommodate the
VR and maintain a low pressure ( 0 – 3 mmHg)
The actual pressure depends upon the volume of
the blood within the right atrium.
Blood flows down into the right ventricle across
the tricuspid valve.
9. Right ventricle (RV)
Is smaller because it only has to transmit blood
a short distance to the lungs.
The free wall is not as thick as the left ventricle
Blood flow out to the lungs via semilunar
pulmonic valve through the pulmonary artery
10. Left atrium (LA)
Blood returns to the heart from the lungs via 4
pulmonary veins that enter the LA
LA is highly compliant like a RA - LA pressure
is higher than RA (6 -10 mmHg)
Blood flows out into the LV across the mitral
valve.
11. Left Ventricle (LV)
Left ventricle (LV) is the largest chamber and
has a very thick muscular wall (it can generate
high pressures during contraction, as they have
to force blood flow through the aortic valve into
the body)
Blood from the LV is ejected across the aortic
valve into the aorta then to the rest of the body
and other organs.
12. How does blood travel through the heart?
SVC
RA
RV
PULMONARY ARTERY
LUNGS ( GAS EXCHANGE)
13. How does blood travel through the heart?
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
LA
LV
Aorta Organs Rest of the body
15. Valves of the heart
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
16. Tricuspid valve
Also called atrioventricular or AV valves
Situated between the RA and RV
Has 3 leaflets with fibrous strands (chordae
tendineae) on their leaflets that attach to
papillary muscles located on the respective
ventricular walls
Prevents the backflow of blood from the RV
17. Mitral valve
Also called bicuspid valve
Between the LA and LV
Consist of 2 leaflets
Prevents the backflow of blood into LA from
the LV
18. Pulmonary valve
Situated between right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery that leads to the lungs
Has 3 leaflets
It prevents the backflow of blood into the right
ventricle from the pulmonary circulation
19. Aortic valve
Placed between the LV and the aorta
It consist of 3 semicicular leaflets.
Prevent backflow of blood from the aorta once
it has left the heart
20. The papillary muscles contract during
ventricular contraction and generate tension
on the valve leaflets via the chordae tendineae
to prevent the AV valves from bulging back
into the atria and becoming incompetent
21. Blood supply to the heart
Heart muscle needs more oxygen than any organ
except the brain , therefore the heart must have
generous supply of blood
The flow of blood that supplies the heart tissue
itself is the coronary circulation
Blood is supplied to the heart by coronary artery
– left and right
23. Right coronary artery
Right marginal branch
– supply blood to the lateral wall of the RV
Posterior interventricular artery
-- within the posterior interventricular sulcus .
– supply blood to the ventricles posteriorly
It also supply blood - 55% to SA node
- 90% to AV node
- a portion of Bundle of His
24. Left coronary artery
Begins behind the left cusp of the aortic
semilunar valve and devide into 2 branch
1 – anterior interventricular branch which
decends in the anterior interventricular sulcus (
LAD).
-- supply blood to the ventricles anteriorly
2 – a circumflex branch which continous in the
coronary sulcus (LCx )
-- supply blood to most of the posterior wall of
the heart
25. Left Anterior Descending
Supply blood to :
Anterior 2/3 of septum
Right bundle branch
Anterosuperior division of the left bundle
Anterior wall of the left ventricle
26. Left circumflex
SA node (45%)
Posteroinferior division of left bundle ( a
portion)
Lateral wall of the LV
27.
28. Conduction system of the heart
Consist of modified
cardiac muscle cells
2 nodes that play
fundamental parts in
this conduction
system
29. Conduction system
Sino – atrial (SA) node
– located in the posterior wall of right atrium
– also known as the pacemaker
-- a stimulus arising from the SAnode cause atrial
to contract
( impulse from SA node travel to the AV node)
31. Conduction system
Then impulse passes through bundle of His (
atrioventricular bundle) , it is located in the
interventricular septum and devides to form the right
and left bundle branches.
Impulse then generate through Purkinje fibres which
form the branching of right and left bundle branches at
the apex of the heart.
Its function is to stimulate the ventricles to contract
