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Receptors are proteins located on the surface of cells that bind to specific substances, called ligands, and trigger responses in the cell. There are two main types of receptors: G protein-coupled receptors, which are the largest family and trigger intracellular responses through G proteins; and ion channel receptors, which directly open or close ion channels to influence the cell's electrical properties. Receptors play an important role in many physiological processes by allowing cells to respond to hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances outside the cell.























