The document discusses the cardiovascular system and physiology of the heart. It describes the components of the cardiovascular system including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It explains the basic functions of these parts, such as how the heart acts as a pump to circulate blood through two circuits - the pulmonary and systemic circulations. It also provides details on the anatomy and physiology of the heart, blood flow, blood vessels, heart sounds, and characteristics of blood.
The heart contains four chambers - two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. The atria receive blood from veins into the heart while the thicker-walled ventricles pump blood out of the heart and into arteries. There are three types of circulation - systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, pulmonary circulation pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, and hepatic portal circulation transports blood from the intestines to the liver. Valves between the chambers regulate blood flow through the heart.
The heart begins as a single tube in the embryo but undergoes remodeling to form four chambers. Valves develop within the heart to ensure blood flows in only one direction. The heart's electrical conduction system also develops to coordinate the contractions of the atria and ventricles. By adulthood, the heart has separate pumping systems for circulating blood to the lungs and body with valves that prevent backflow between chambers.
The document summarizes the structure and anatomy of the heart. It describes the location and orientation of the heart in the thoracic cavity. It then discusses the layers that cover the heart, including the fibrous and serous pericardium. It provides details on the chambers of the heart, including the right and left atria and ventricles. It also describes the valves of the heart, including the tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves. Finally, it summarizes the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle and the veins that drain blood from it.
This document provides an overview of heart anatomy including its location, size, layers, chambers, and blood flow. It describes that the heart is located in the mediastinum between the lungs, weighs 250-300 grams, and has two layers - the outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium which separates it into a pericardial cavity. Internally, the heart is divided into four chambers - two upper atria which receive blood and two lower ventricles which pump blood out. The left ventricle is thicker walled due to pumping blood throughout the higher pressure systemic circulation.
Detailed Parts of the Heart (The Circulatory System)Deped
The circulatory system is a system that controls the flow of the blood and maintain good life balance with some help of some particular organs.
Ron Soria (Creator) pass to maam dumago
structure and functions of heart PPT, SSC AP Srinivas NallapuSrinivas Nallapu
The document describes the structure and function of the human heart. It notes that the heart is a hollow organ made of cardiac muscle located in the middle of the thoracic cavity. It is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pericardium and divided internally into four chambers - two upper chambers called auricles and two lower chambers called ventricles. Deoxygenated blood enters the right auricle from the vena cavae and is pumped to the right ventricle. It then passes through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to the left auricle via the pulmonary veins and is pumped to the left ventricle. It then passes through the aorta to be distributed to
The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels. It is located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. The heart is surrounded and protected by the pericardium, which has inner and outer layers. Within the heart are four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. Valves between the chambers prevent backflow of blood. The heart is supplied with oxygenated blood by the coronary arteries.
The heart contains four chambers - two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. The atria receive blood from veins into the heart while the thicker-walled ventricles pump blood out of the heart and into arteries. There are three types of circulation - systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, pulmonary circulation pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, and hepatic portal circulation transports blood from the intestines to the liver. Valves between the chambers regulate blood flow through the heart.
The heart begins as a single tube in the embryo but undergoes remodeling to form four chambers. Valves develop within the heart to ensure blood flows in only one direction. The heart's electrical conduction system also develops to coordinate the contractions of the atria and ventricles. By adulthood, the heart has separate pumping systems for circulating blood to the lungs and body with valves that prevent backflow between chambers.
The document summarizes the structure and anatomy of the heart. It describes the location and orientation of the heart in the thoracic cavity. It then discusses the layers that cover the heart, including the fibrous and serous pericardium. It provides details on the chambers of the heart, including the right and left atria and ventricles. It also describes the valves of the heart, including the tricuspid, bicuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves. Finally, it summarizes the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle and the veins that drain blood from it.
This document provides an overview of heart anatomy including its location, size, layers, chambers, and blood flow. It describes that the heart is located in the mediastinum between the lungs, weighs 250-300 grams, and has two layers - the outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium which separates it into a pericardial cavity. Internally, the heart is divided into four chambers - two upper atria which receive blood and two lower ventricles which pump blood out. The left ventricle is thicker walled due to pumping blood throughout the higher pressure systemic circulation.
Detailed Parts of the Heart (The Circulatory System)Deped
The circulatory system is a system that controls the flow of the blood and maintain good life balance with some help of some particular organs.
Ron Soria (Creator) pass to maam dumago
structure and functions of heart PPT, SSC AP Srinivas NallapuSrinivas Nallapu
The document describes the structure and function of the human heart. It notes that the heart is a hollow organ made of cardiac muscle located in the middle of the thoracic cavity. It is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pericardium and divided internally into four chambers - two upper chambers called auricles and two lower chambers called ventricles. Deoxygenated blood enters the right auricle from the vena cavae and is pumped to the right ventricle. It then passes through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to the left auricle via the pulmonary veins and is pumped to the left ventricle. It then passes through the aorta to be distributed to
The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels. It is located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. The heart is surrounded and protected by the pericardium, which has inner and outer layers. Within the heart are four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. Valves between the chambers prevent backflow of blood. The heart is supplied with oxygenated blood by the coronary arteries.
The cardiovascular system includes the heart, arteries, veins, blood, and carries out transportation functions. The heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out. There are two circulation pathways - the pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs and systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The heart functions as a double pump, with the right side pumping to the lungs and left side pumping to the body.
The document describes the anatomy and structures of the heart. It discusses:
- The heart is surrounded by the pericardium, a double-walled sac that has an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layers separated by fluid.
- The heart has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. Blood flows through valves between the chambers.
- The heart wall has three layers - the outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium.
- The heart is supplied by the right and left coronary arteries and drains into the coronary sinus vein.
- Nerves from the autonomic nervous system
The heart is a cone-shaped organ located in the chest cavity between the lungs. It is surrounded by the pericardium and pumps blood through the arteries and veins. The heart wall consists of three layers - the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The myocardium contains cardiac muscle that allows the heart to contract and pump blood. The heart is divided into four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump blood to the lungs and body. Valves between the chambers allow blood to flow in one direction. The conducting system coordinates heart contractions and uses electrical signals to stimulate contractions.
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, surrounded by the pericardium. It has four chambers - right and left atria which receive blood, and right and left ventricles which pump blood out. The heart has two circulation circuits - pulmonary circulation transports blood to and from the lungs, while systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood to the body. It has four valves that ensure one-way blood flow - tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic valves. Contraction of the heart muscles pumps blood through the heart and major arteries.
The document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The heart is a muscular organ located in the mediastinum that pumps blood through the circulatory system via four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. It has three layers - epicardium, myocardium and endocardium - and is surrounded by the pericardium. The heart has a conduction system including the sinoatrial node which acts as the pacemaker, generating electrical impulses that cause coordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles to efficiently circulate blood.
The human heart is about the size of a clenched fist and is located in the chest. It is made of cardiac muscle and is divided into four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. The heart pumps blood through two circuits: the pulmonary circuit oxygenates blood in the lungs, while the systemic circuit pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. It contracts over 70 times per minute due to electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial node that spread through the heart and cause the chambers to contract in the correct sequence, pumping blood out of the heart.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a double pump that delivers oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Blood flows from the heart through arteries and returns through veins. The heart rate and cardiac cycle are regulated by the cardiac conduction system and the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata, which controls sympathetic and parasympathetic input. Blood pressure is affected by heart rate, blood volume, peripheral resistance, and viscosity and its regulation is important to prevent conditions like hypertension.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human heart. It describes the heart as a muscular pump divided into four chambers - the right and left atria which receive blood, and the right and left ventricles which pump blood out. It details the circulation of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits, and explains the roles and structures of the heart valves in ensuring one-way blood flow. It also outlines the layers that surround and protect the heart.
The heart is a muscular pump located slightly left of the breastbone between the lungs. It is slightly larger than a fist and weighs between 200-425 grams. The heart has 4 chambers - upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles - separated by muscular walls. Blood flows through the heart, entering the right atrium from the body and exiting into the pulmonary artery to the lungs, then entering the left atrium from the lungs and exiting into the aorta to the body. Valves prevent backflow, and the conduction system generates electrical signals that coordinate heart contractions.
The human heart is a four-chambered, conical and muscular organ located in the chest cavity behind the sternum. It is protected by a double-layered sac called the pericardium. The heart has two upper chambers called auricles and two lower chambers called ventricles, which are separated by septums. The right side receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. Valves prevent backflow of blood through the heart.
The heart is pyramidal in shape with an apex pointing leftward and downward. It has four chambers - two atria which receive blood and two ventricles which pump blood. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle to be sent to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle to be sent to the body. Blood flows through the heart via the tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary and aortic valves. The heart's conduction system coordinates contractions and is composed of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and bundle of His.
The human heart is a vital organ that functions as a pump to provide continuous blood flow through the body via cardiac cycles. It has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles - and is enclosed in the pericardium for protection. The heart has three layers - epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. It works through a cardiac cycle of atrial systole, ventricular systole, and relaxation to pump blood through the body and lungs. Diseases like coronary heart disease and arrhythmias can affect the heart. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include age, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located slightly left of center in the chest. It is surrounded by three layers of tissue - the outer fibrous pericardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. The heart is divided into four chambers - right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle - with valves that ensure one-way blood flow. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body and is pumped to the lungs via the right ventricle. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium from the lungs and is pumped back out to the body by the left ventricle.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located slightly left of center in the chest. It has four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump it out. The heart is surrounded by membranes and has three layers - the outer fibrous pericardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. It uses valves to ensure one-way blood flow, pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood throughout the body in continuous circulation. The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
The heart is a cone-shaped organ located in the chest cavity between the lungs. It is surrounded by fluid-filled sac called the pericardium. The heart has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. Blood flows through valves from the atria to ventricles and then out arteries or pulmonary artery. The heart's wall has three layers - outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endocardium. The heart continuously contracts and relaxes in a cardiac cycle of diastole and systole to pump blood through the body.
The document summarizes the anatomy and basic function of the heart. It discusses the heart's size, location, chambers, blood flow pathways (pulmonary and systemic circulation), and electrical conduction system. It also briefly describes common cardiovascular problems like hypertension, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart disease.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It describes the major structures of the heart including the atria, ventricles, arteries, and veins. The circulatory anatomy section outlines the major blood vessels connecting to and from the heart. The coronary artery anatomy section indicates the document will cover the arteries supplying the heart muscle. Finally, the cardiac cycle section suggests the document will explain the repeating heart contraction and relaxation sequence.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human heart. It describes how blood flows through the heart in one direction via the cardiac cycle. The heart acts as a double pump, with the right side collecting deoxygenated blood and pumping it to the lungs, and the left side collecting oxygenated blood and pumping it to the body. Key parts of the heart are identified including the four chambers and valves that ensure one-way blood flow. Several common heart diseases and treatment options are also outlined.
Section 1, chapter 15: anatomy of the heartMichael Walls
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps around 7000L of blood daily through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit carries blood to the lungs, while the systemic circuit carries blood to the body. The heart has four chambers and is surrounded by membranes. It contains valves that ensure one-way blood flow, preventing backflow into chambers. Blood flows through the right side of the heart to the lungs, then the left side to the body.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the circulatory system. It describes how the heart pumps oxygenated blood through arteries, which branch into capillaries where gases and nutrients are exchanged, and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins. It also explains the dual circulation of blood through the pulmonary circulation to the lungs and the systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones and protects the body.
Organ system for internal transport (circulatory system)Cesar Rentino
The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products between tissues and organs of the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through arteries, which branch into smaller vessels and capillaries that allow for gas and nutrient exchange with tissues. Veins then return deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The circulatory system exists in both open and closed forms, with closed systems being more efficient for transport.
The cardiovascular system includes the heart, arteries, veins, blood, and carries out transportation functions. The heart has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out. There are two circulation pathways - the pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs and systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The heart functions as a double pump, with the right side pumping to the lungs and left side pumping to the body.
The document describes the anatomy and structures of the heart. It discusses:
- The heart is surrounded by the pericardium, a double-walled sac that has an outer fibrous layer and inner serous layers separated by fluid.
- The heart has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. Blood flows through valves between the chambers.
- The heart wall has three layers - the outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium.
- The heart is supplied by the right and left coronary arteries and drains into the coronary sinus vein.
- Nerves from the autonomic nervous system
The heart is a cone-shaped organ located in the chest cavity between the lungs. It is surrounded by the pericardium and pumps blood through the arteries and veins. The heart wall consists of three layers - the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The myocardium contains cardiac muscle that allows the heart to contract and pump blood. The heart is divided into four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump blood to the lungs and body. Valves between the chambers allow blood to flow in one direction. The conducting system coordinates heart contractions and uses electrical signals to stimulate contractions.
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, surrounded by the pericardium. It has four chambers - right and left atria which receive blood, and right and left ventricles which pump blood out. The heart has two circulation circuits - pulmonary circulation transports blood to and from the lungs, while systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood to the body. It has four valves that ensure one-way blood flow - tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic valves. Contraction of the heart muscles pumps blood through the heart and major arteries.
The document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The heart is a muscular organ located in the mediastinum that pumps blood through the circulatory system via four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. It has three layers - epicardium, myocardium and endocardium - and is surrounded by the pericardium. The heart has a conduction system including the sinoatrial node which acts as the pacemaker, generating electrical impulses that cause coordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles to efficiently circulate blood.
The human heart is about the size of a clenched fist and is located in the chest. It is made of cardiac muscle and is divided into four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. The heart pumps blood through two circuits: the pulmonary circuit oxygenates blood in the lungs, while the systemic circuit pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body. It contracts over 70 times per minute due to electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial node that spread through the heart and cause the chambers to contract in the correct sequence, pumping blood out of the heart.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a double pump that delivers oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Blood flows from the heart through arteries and returns through veins. The heart rate and cardiac cycle are regulated by the cardiac conduction system and the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata, which controls sympathetic and parasympathetic input. Blood pressure is affected by heart rate, blood volume, peripheral resistance, and viscosity and its regulation is important to prevent conditions like hypertension.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human heart. It describes the heart as a muscular pump divided into four chambers - the right and left atria which receive blood, and the right and left ventricles which pump blood out. It details the circulation of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits, and explains the roles and structures of the heart valves in ensuring one-way blood flow. It also outlines the layers that surround and protect the heart.
The heart is a muscular pump located slightly left of the breastbone between the lungs. It is slightly larger than a fist and weighs between 200-425 grams. The heart has 4 chambers - upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles - separated by muscular walls. Blood flows through the heart, entering the right atrium from the body and exiting into the pulmonary artery to the lungs, then entering the left atrium from the lungs and exiting into the aorta to the body. Valves prevent backflow, and the conduction system generates electrical signals that coordinate heart contractions.
The human heart is a four-chambered, conical and muscular organ located in the chest cavity behind the sternum. It is protected by a double-layered sac called the pericardium. The heart has two upper chambers called auricles and two lower chambers called ventricles, which are separated by septums. The right side receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. Valves prevent backflow of blood through the heart.
The heart is pyramidal in shape with an apex pointing leftward and downward. It has four chambers - two atria which receive blood and two ventricles which pump blood. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle to be sent to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle to be sent to the body. Blood flows through the heart via the tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary and aortic valves. The heart's conduction system coordinates contractions and is composed of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and bundle of His.
The human heart is a vital organ that functions as a pump to provide continuous blood flow through the body via cardiac cycles. It has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles - and is enclosed in the pericardium for protection. The heart has three layers - epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. It works through a cardiac cycle of atrial systole, ventricular systole, and relaxation to pump blood through the body and lungs. Diseases like coronary heart disease and arrhythmias can affect the heart. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include age, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located slightly left of center in the chest. It is surrounded by three layers of tissue - the outer fibrous pericardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. The heart is divided into four chambers - right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle - with valves that ensure one-way blood flow. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body and is pumped to the lungs via the right ventricle. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium from the lungs and is pumped back out to the body by the left ventricle.
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located slightly left of center in the chest. It has four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump it out. The heart is surrounded by membranes and has three layers - the outer fibrous pericardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. It uses valves to ensure one-way blood flow, pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood throughout the body in continuous circulation. The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
The heart is a cone-shaped organ located in the chest cavity between the lungs. It is surrounded by fluid-filled sac called the pericardium. The heart has four chambers - two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood out. Blood flows through valves from the atria to ventricles and then out arteries or pulmonary artery. The heart's wall has three layers - outer epicardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endocardium. The heart continuously contracts and relaxes in a cardiac cycle of diastole and systole to pump blood through the body.
The document summarizes the anatomy and basic function of the heart. It discusses the heart's size, location, chambers, blood flow pathways (pulmonary and systemic circulation), and electrical conduction system. It also briefly describes common cardiovascular problems like hypertension, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart disease.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It describes the major structures of the heart including the atria, ventricles, arteries, and veins. The circulatory anatomy section outlines the major blood vessels connecting to and from the heart. The coronary artery anatomy section indicates the document will cover the arteries supplying the heart muscle. Finally, the cardiac cycle section suggests the document will explain the repeating heart contraction and relaxation sequence.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human heart. It describes how blood flows through the heart in one direction via the cardiac cycle. The heart acts as a double pump, with the right side collecting deoxygenated blood and pumping it to the lungs, and the left side collecting oxygenated blood and pumping it to the body. Key parts of the heart are identified including the four chambers and valves that ensure one-way blood flow. Several common heart diseases and treatment options are also outlined.
Section 1, chapter 15: anatomy of the heartMichael Walls
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps around 7000L of blood daily through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit carries blood to the lungs, while the systemic circuit carries blood to the body. The heart has four chambers and is surrounded by membranes. It contains valves that ensure one-way blood flow, preventing backflow into chambers. Blood flows through the right side of the heart to the lungs, then the left side to the body.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the circulatory system. It describes how the heart pumps oxygenated blood through arteries, which branch into capillaries where gases and nutrients are exchanged, and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins. It also explains the dual circulation of blood through the pulmonary circulation to the lungs and the systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones and protects the body.
Organ system for internal transport (circulatory system)Cesar Rentino
The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products between tissues and organs of the body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through arteries, which branch into smaller vessels and capillaries that allow for gas and nutrient exchange with tissues. Veins then return deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The circulatory system exists in both open and closed forms, with closed systems being more efficient for transport.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers and uses valves to pump blood through two circuits. Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart and is pumped to the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen before returning to the left side of heart to be pumped throughout the body. Blood flows through arteries, capillaries where gas exchange occurs, and veins, and is propelled by blood pressure generated with each heartbeat.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and its primary function is to transport nutrients and oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. The heart pumps blood through a closed loop of arteries, capillaries, and veins, delivering oxygenated blood to tissues and returning deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated. Key components of the cardiovascular system include the heart, which is a hollow muscular organ that acts as a force pump to circulate blood, and a network of blood vessels including arteries, veins, and capillaries.
The human heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist located in the thoracic cavity. It pumps deoxygenated blood received from the veins to the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs to the arteries throughout the body. The heart has four chambers - right and left atria which receive blood, and right and left ventricles which pump blood out. It is surrounded by the pericardium and contains valves that ensure one-way blood flow. During each heartbeat or cardiac cycle, the atria contract to fill the ventricles which then contract to pump blood into the arteries while the valves open and close in the correct sequence.
The structure and Function of the Heart TessMiller519
The document provides an overview of heart anatomy and physiology. It describes the four chambers of the heart, including the atria and ventricles, separated by septa. Blood flows through the heart in two circuits - pulmonary circulation from the heart to the lungs and systemic circulation from the heart to the body. The heart's conduction system controls heart rate and rhythm through the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and Purkinje fibers. An electrocardiogram traces the electrical activity of the heart as P, QRS, and T waves. High or low blood pressure can impact heart health.
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers and pumps blood through the body. It is surrounded by layers including the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The heart has valves that allow blood to flow in only one direction. During fetal development, shunts allow blood to bypass the lungs and liver. The cardiovascular system transports blood through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. It is regulated by the conduction system and heart sounds occur during the cardiac cycle.
The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It has two circuits - systemic circulation which transports blood to all body tissues except the lungs, and pulmonary circulation which moves blood to and from the lungs. The heart has four chambers and uses valves to ensure one-way blood flow. It pumps blood rhythmically through a cardiac cycle of diastole and systole powered by electrical signals.
The document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the human heart. It discusses the following key points:
1. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located in the chest cavity that pumps blood through two circulatory loops - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body.
2. The heart has four chambers - left and right atria receive blood, and left and right ventricles pump blood out. Valves ensure blood flows in one direction.
3. The heart's rhythm is electrically controlled by a conduction system originating in the sinoatrial node, which generates electrical signals causing coordinated heart muscle contraction and pumping of blood.
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels, and functions to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart has four chambers - two atria which receive blood, and two ventricles which pump blood out of the heart. The heart is surrounded by layers including the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. It is regulated by an intrinsic conduction system including the sinoatrial node which initiates heartbeats. Deoxygenated blood enters the heart and is pumped to the lungs, where it receives oxygen and is then pumped through arteries throughout the body by the heart before returning to it through veins to repeat the cycle.
B. Pharm SEM -I; Unit V- Cardiovascular system. Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its
regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of
blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram
The document discusses the structure and function of the human heart. It describes how the heart is made up of four chambers - two atria and two ventricles separated by valves. The cardiac cycle involves coordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles along with opening and closing of valves to ensure one-way blood flow. The heart rate is controlled by a natural pacemaker and nerves from the brain that can increase or decrease the rate.
The document describes the structure and function of the heart and cardiovascular system. It discusses:
1) The heart is made up of four chambers that pump blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit oxygenates blood in the lungs, and the systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to the body.
2) Valves between the chambers prevent backflow of blood, and the heart's conduction system coordinates contractions to efficiently pump blood.
3) Arteries, veins and capillaries work together to transport blood throughout the body and back to the heart in a continuous closed circuit.
The circulatory system is comprised of the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and systemic circulation distributes oxygenated blood to the entire body. Blood vessels include arteries, which carry blood away from the heart, capillaries, which enable exchange of nutrients and waste, and veins, which return blood to the heart. The lymphatic system drains excess fluid from tissues and produces immune cells.
The document provides a detailed overview of heart anatomy, beginning with an outline of the key topics covered. It then describes the two circles of blood circulation - pulmonary and systemic. The four chambers of the heart are explained, including the right and left atria and ventricles. Heart valves, the heart wall structure, and conducting system are defined. Coronary circulation and the vessels are outlined. Key aspects of heart topography like boundaries and valve locations are defined. Finally, the layers of the pericardium are described.
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, moves substances to and from cells and helps regulate body temperature and pH. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart begins beating around 21 days after conception at a rate near the mother's, which then accelerates over the first month. Blood vessels include arteries, which carry blood away from the heart, veins, which carry blood toward the heart, and capillaries, which connect arterioles and venules and closely interact with tissues. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cavae and is pumped through the pulmonary and systemic circuits to be oxygenated in the lungs before being distributed to the body
The document provides an overview of the human circulatory system, including:
- The heart pumps blood through vessels in a double circulatory system, with the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
- The heart has four chambers, with the right atrium and ventricle pumping to the lungs and the left pumping to the body. It is located in the mediastinum.
- Blood flows through one-way valves between the atria and ventricles, and into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
- The cardiac conduction system coordinates heart chamber contractions for efficient blood flow.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries allow for gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues. The heart has four chambers and uses electrical signals to coordinate contractions that pump blood. Multiple control mechanisms regulate cardiac function, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which helps control blood pressure.
Cape biology unit 2 -_circulatory_system_in_humans_and_exerciseHilton Ritch
The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, gases, hormones, and wastes throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels. The human circulatory system is a double circulatory system, with the heart having four chambers that separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Blood flows from the heart through arteries, then narrows into arterioles before reaching capillaries where gas, nutrient and waste exchange occurs. Venules collect blood from capillaries which flows back to the heart through increasingly large veins. The heart pumps blood in a repeating cardiac cycle of atrial systole, ventricular systole and diastole.
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2. Contents
Components of the cardiovascular system (CVS)
The systemic and pulmonary circulation
Basic functions of the various parts of the CVS.
General function of the CVS.
Physiological anatomy of the heart.
Blood vessels
Heart sounds
Characteristics of blood
3. Cardiovascular system
In order to pump blood through the body,
the heart is connect to the vascular system
of the body.
It is the closed system.
It is designed to transport oxygen and
nutrients to the cells of the body and remove
carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products
from the body.
4. Components of CVS
Heart:
It is a pump composed of 4 chambers (2 atria & 2
ventricles.
The heart provides the driving force for the
cardiovascular system.
BloodVessels:
The blood vessels are systems of tubes including:
Arteries and arterioles which carry the blood
from the heart to all parts of the body.
The arteries serve as distribution channels to the
organs.
5. Components of CVS
Venules and veins which carry the blood back
from the tissues to the heart.
The veins serve as blood reservoirs and collect
the blood to return it to the heart.
Blood capillaries which form a network of fine
vessels connecting the arterioles with theVenules.
The blood capillaries are the sites of exchange of
gases (O2 & CO2), nutrients and waste products
between blood and tissues.
6. Construction of CVS
The cardiovascular system is actually
made up of two major circulatory
systems, acting together.
The right side of the heart pumps blood
to the lungs through the pulmonary
artery (PA), pulmonary capillaries, and
then returns blood to the left atrium
through the pulmonary veins (PV).
The left side of the heart pumps blood
to the rest of the body through the
aorta, arteries, arterioles, systemic
capillaries, and then returns blood to
the right atrium through theVenules and
great veins
7. In the cardiovascular system, blood passes through
two circulations in series. One full circulation
consists of these two circulations together. Both
circulations start and end in the heart.These two
circulations are:
The systemic (or greater or high-pressure)circulation:
It starts in the left ventricle → the aorta → systemic
arteries → systemic capillaries → systemic veins →
superior and inferior vena cava → ends in the right
atrium.
The pulmonary (or lesser or low-pressure) circulation:
It starts in the right ventricle → the pulmonary trunk
→ pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries →
pulmonary veins → ends in the left atrium.
8. The two circulations are in series. So, blood finishes
one circulation to start the other.
This allows the whole blood volume to carry out its
respiratory function more efficiently as blood goes
once through the systemic capillaries and once
through the pulmonary capillaries.
Thus, both ventricles must pump the same volume
of blood during any significant time interval because
of the series arrangement of the systemic and
pulmonary circulations.
12. From an Engineering stand point, systemic
circulation is a high resistance circuit with a large
pressure gradient between the arteries and veins.
Heart is analogous to the pump but the analogy to
pump and hydraulic piping system should not be
used too discriminately.(Blood is not a pure
Newtonian fluid).
Muscle contraction of the left side of heart is larger
and stronger than that of right heart because of the
greater pressure required for the systemic
circulation.
13. a)HEART:
1) The left side of the heart (high pressure side) acts a
pressure pump that pumps blood into the systemic
arteries at a sufficient pressure that drives blood to the
tissues.
2) The right side of the heart (low pressure side) pumps
blood into the pulmonary arteries at a relatively lower
pressure that drives blood into the lungs.
b) BLOOD VESSELS:
1) The arteries: the aorta and the pulmonary artery are
elastic arteries i.e. they have the properties of stretch
(=distension or compliance) and recoil.
During ventricular contraction (systole), they distend by
the blood ejected into them; and energy is at load in their
walls.
Basic Function of the various
parts of the CVS
14. During ventricular relaxation (diastole), this energy is
released causing elastic recoil of their walls, which acts as
an additional pump to blood during diastole.
Thus on efficient pressure is maintained during systole and
diastole, resulting in a continuous blood flow through the
tissues.
2) The arterioles are resistance vessels that act as variable
resistors because their diameters continuously undergo
changes in order to regulate the amount of blood flow into
the capillaries. Therefore, the arterioles are considered the
“taps” regulating blood flow to the tissues.
.
15. 3) The veins act as capacitance vessels (volume reservoir) that
hold most of the blood volume.
Veins have a high distending capacity (=high compliance) and
they can store or mobilize blood depending upon the
underlying condition.
GENERAL FUNCTION OFTHE CVS:
The normal function of the CVS is to maintain homeostasis
(i.e. a constant optimum internal environment).Thus, in spite
of continuous metabolic activity of the tissue cells,
homeostasis is maintained by continuous adequate blood flow
to the tissues.
17. PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY
of the HEART
The HEART is the great central pump of the CVS. It lies in
the left side of the thoracic cavity partly behind the sternum
and between the right and left lungs. It is covered by a
fibrous sac called the pericardium.
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
The heart is a hollow muscular organ. Its walls are
composed of a muscle called the cardiac muscle or the
myocardium
.
18.
19.
20. Cardiac Chambers & their functions
The human HEART is consist of four chambers:
Two atria (right and left) which are separated from each
other by the interatrial septum.
Two ventricles (right and left) which are separated from
each other by the interventricular septum.
The wall of the left ventricle is about 3 times thicker than
the wall of the right ventricle.
The ventricular myocardium (wall) is much thicker and
stronger than the atrial myocardium (wall). The atrial muscle
(of both atria) is completely separated from the ventricular
muscle (of both ventricles) by a fibrous ring called AV ring
(atrioventricular ring).
21. The atria have 2 main functions:
1) They act as blood reservoir for the blood returning
back to the heart.
2) They act as pumps (primer pumps). Atrial
contraction pushes about 25% of the blood filling
the ventricles during ventricular diastole and about
75% of the blood that ventricles during their
diastole pass passively i.e. by its own weight.
The ventricles, on the other hand , are the powerful
cardiac pumps filling the arteries with blood. The right
ventricle (pulmonary pumps) pushes blood into the
pulmonary arteries and the left ventricle (systemic
pump) pushes blood into the aorta during ventricular
systole.
22. Cardiac Valves and their functions
The human heart contains four valves
Two atrioventricular valves (AV valves) between the
atria and the ventricles:
- Tricuspid valve between the right atrium and the right
ventricle.
- Mitral or tricuspid valve between the left atrium and
there left ventricle.
Two semi lunar valves:
- Aortic valve between the left ventricle and the aorta.
- Pulmonary valve between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary trunk.
23. Functions of the cardiac valves
The cardiac valves allow for the blood to pass only in one
direction i.e.
- The AV valves allow for the blood to pass from the atria into
the ventricles during ventricular diastole. During ventricular
systole, the AV valves close to prevent back flow of blood from
the ventricles into the atria.
- The semi lunar valves allow for the blood to pass from the
ventricles into the arteries during ventricular systole. During
ventricular diastole, these valves prevent back flow of blood
from the arteries into the ventricles (as these valves become
closed during ventricular diastole).
24. It should be noted that:
a)The valves open or close depending upon the
pressure gradient of the blood on both sides of the
valves e.g.
The AV valves:
- Open when the atrial pressure becomes higher than
the ventricular pressure or
- Close when the ventricular pressure becomes higher
that the atrial pressure.
The semi lunar valves:
- Open when the ventricular pressure becomes higher
than the arterial pressure and
- Close when the arterial pressure becomes higher
than the ventricular pressure.
25. The right ventricle pumps relatively large volumes
of blood at a low pressure through the pulmonary
circulation (the right ventricle is essentially flow
generator).
The normal cross-section of the right ventricle is
crescent-shaped.
If the right ventricle must eject blood against a high
pressure for prolonged periods (as seen in certain
pulmonary diseases), it assumes a much more
cylindrical appearance and there is a thickening of
the right ventricular free wall (right ventricular
hypertrophy).
The right ventricle
26. The left ventricle pumps blood through the
systemic circulation.
It is cylindrical in shape and normally has a
thicker wall than does the right ventricle.
The left ventricle works much harder than the
right ventricle because of the higher pressure in
the systemic circulation (the left ventricle is
essentially pressure generator).
Consequently, the left ventricle is more
commonly affected by disease processes than is
the right ventricle.
The left ventricle
27. During ventricular systole, blood is pumped into
the circulation.
During diastole, the pumping of blood stops and
the ventricles get filled with blood.
In this way, the flow of blood from the ventricles
into the systemic and pulmonary circulations is
an intermittent pulsatile flow.
Blood flow from the heart
28. The heart of a normal adult male beats automatically
and regularly at a rate of 75 beats/minute during rest.
The normal range of heart rate is between 60 – 100.
The heart rate is under neural control. Cardiac
sympathetic efferent activity increases the heart rate,
whereas parasympathetic (vagal) efferent impulses
decreases heart rate.
The stroke volume for each ventricle averages 70 ml
of blood, and a normal heart rate is approximately 70-
75 beats/minute; therefore, the cardiac output at rest is
approximately 5 L/min.
34. As the blood flows from the arterial to the venous
side of the circulation, it meets resistance because
of the smaller caliber of the vessels and the viscous
nature of the blood.This is called the peripheral
resistance.
It is an important factor in generating and
maintaining the arterial blood pressure.
Vasoconstriction of the small vessels increases the
peripheral resistance, which in turn elevates the
arterial blood pressure.Whilst vasodilatation
decreases the resistance and lowers the pressure.
The peripheral resistance
35. Pressure Drop in theVascular
System
LARGE ARTERIES
SMALL ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES
CAPILLARIES
VENULES &VEINS
INSIDE DIAMETER
SMALL LARGE
LARGE
ELASTICTISSUE
MUSCLE
INSIDE DIAMETER
37. * The wall of the left ventricle is much thicker
(15 mm) than the wall of the right ventricle (5
mm), yet the capacities and outputs of both
ventricles are equal.
* The thickness of the ventricular wall reflects
the pressure load on the ventricle.The
pressure load on the left ventricle (the aortic
pressure) is much higher than the pressure
load on the right ventricle (the pulmonary
arterial pressure).
38. Heart Sounds
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the
beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through
it.
Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created
when the heart valves snap shut.
In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a
stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct
sounds that provide important auditory data regarding
the condition of the heart.
In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds
often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur
in sequence with each heartbeat.
These are the first heart sound (S1) and second
heart sound (S2), produced by the closing of the AV
valves and semilunar valves, respectively.
39. Functions and Characteristics of the
Blood
Blood is the only liquid tissue in the body. It is
a connective tissue.
Consists of formed elements (cells and cell
fragments) in a liquid intercellular matrix
(plasma)
Average adult blood volume is around 5 liters
(8% of body weight)
40. Blood Functions
Transportation: Blood transports oxygen and
nutrients to cells, CO2 and waste away from
cells, hormones to target tissues
Regulation: Helps maintain stable body
temperature, pH, water and electrolyte levels
Protection: Clotting prevents fluid loss, white
blood cells protect body against disease