The document summarizes key aspects of the Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, layers, weather phenomena, and climate. It describes the atmosphere as a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen, that is divided into four layers - the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Weather is defined as short-term atmospheric conditions involving factors like wind, temperature, precipitation, humidity, clouds, and pressure. Climate is influenced by latitude, altitude, and distance from oceans, and describes weather over long periods.

1. *THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

2. *The Atmosphere is a mixture of gasses that sorrounds
the Earth and protects us by blocking out dangerous rays
from the Sun. It is around 800 Km thick.
*Is made up of gasses in different proportions:
*78% nitrogen.
*21% oxygen.
*1% other gasses: argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour,
ozone, etc.

3. *
*There are four layers:
*Troposphere
*Stratosphere
*Mesosphere
*Thermosphere

5. *Troposphere:
*It is 15 Km thick.
*It contains 80% of the total mass of the atmosphere.
*Here is where the meteorological phenomena occur.
*It gets colder with height.
*Its upper limit is called Tropopause.

6. *Stratosphere:
*It is about 30 Km thick.
*Its temperature increases with height.
*The ozone layer is here: blocks UV radiation from the
Sun.
*Its upper limit is called stratopause.

7. *

8. *Mesosphere:
*It is about 40 Km thick.
*It contains clouds of ice and dust.
*It gets colder with heigth.
*Its upper limit is called mesopause.
*It is here where meteorites desintegrate.

9. *Thermosphere:
*The highest and the thickest layer.
*Its temperature increases to 1.000 ºC due to the X-
rays and the gamma rays from the Sun.
*It is here where Polar Lights appear.

11. *THE WEATHER

12. *
*The weather describes the state of
atmospheric conditions at a certain place,
over a short period of time.
*Weather conditions include:

13. *Wind: movements of air.
*Temperature: how hot or cold the air is.
*Precipitations: water that falls to the ground:
rain, snow and hail.
*Humidity: the concentration of water vapour in
the atmosphere.
*Clouds: formed when air gets cold and
condensates.
*Atmopsheric Pressure.

14. *
*Air has weight.
*The pressure it exerts on a surface is
called Atmospheric Pressure.

15. *Where is the pressure
going to be highest?
*And lowest?

17. *

18. LOW PRESSURE AREAS
They are areas where air rises. So, there is no much air
on the terrestrial surface, and the pressure it exerts is
low.
*As the air rises, it gets colder,
condenses, and form clouds.
*These clouds will produce
precipitations (bad weather).
*These areas are also called Squalls.

19. HIGH PRESSURE AREAS
They are areas where air descends. So, there is a lot of air
on the terrestrial surface, and the pressure it exerts is
high.
*As the air descends,
it gets hot and dry, does not condense,
and does not form clouds.
*So, in these areas we will find
good weather.
*These areas are also called
Anticyclons.

21. *CLIMATE

22. *Climate describes the weather in an area over a long
period of time.
*These factors affect climate:
*Latitude: how far north or south a place is from the
Equator. The Sun heats the most at the Equator, and the
least at the Poles.

23. *Altitude: the height above the sea level. The higher a
place is, the colder it will be.

24. *Distance from the sea:
*In winter the sea releases heat, keeping coastal areas
warmer.
*In summer, cold sea keeps coastal areas cooler.
So, temperatures are milder in coastal areas than in
inland areas.

25. *CLOUDS AND
PRECIPITATION

26. *Clouds are formed when rising air cools and condenses
to form liquid drops.
*Rain occurs when condensation makes large and heavy
droplets which fall to Earth.
*Snow and Hail occur when the water vapour in the air
freezes.

27. *There are different types of clouds:
-FOG: a cloud in contact with the ground.
-CUMULUS: white and puffy clouds that usually mean
good weather.

28. *CIRRUS: thin and high clouds made of ice crystals.

29. *

30. *Climate diagrams summarize temperature and
precipitation information for a given area.
*For one year, we represent each month on the horizontal
axis.
*Temperature and precipitation are represented on the
vertical axis

31. *Using your book, look for the correct
instrument to measure these phenomena:
*The wind direction
*The amount of rainfall
*The temperature
*The wind speed
*The humidity
*The atmospheric pressure

32. THE THERMOMETER
The thermometer is
used to measure the
temperature of the
atmosphere.

33. THE PLUVIOMETER
The pluviometer is used to
measure the volume of
precipitation.

34. THE HYGROMETER
The hygrometer is used
to measure atmospheric
humidity.
Atmospheric humidity is
the amount of water
vapour contained in the
air.

35. THE ANEMOMETER
The anemometer is a device which is
used to measure the speed of the wind.
THE WEATHER VANE
The weather vane is a
meteorological
instrument we use to
measure the speed of
wind.

36. THE BAROMETER
A barometer is an instrument used
to measure atmospheric pressure,
that is, the pressure exerted by
the air.
The records of atmospheric
pressure in a certain area allow us
to establish which are the high
pressure areas (anticyclones) and
which are the low pressure areas.