- Biodiversity refers to the variety of living things on Earth. Species evolve over time, with some going extinct and new species emerging. - Scientists classify living things into five kingdoms based on their cells, number of cells, and how they obtain nutrition. The kingdoms are Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. - The Monera kingdom contains unicellular prokaryotic organisms like bacteria. The Protoctista kingdom includes unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes like algae and protozoa that lack tissues. Fungi are eukaryotic and may be unicellular or multicellular, feeding as heterotroph

1. BIODIVERSITY
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2. • Biodiversity is the variety of living things in
our planet.
• Living beings evolve through time, so some
species get extinct, some species suffer
changes, and new species appear.
• The remains of
extinct living beings
are called Fossils.

3. THE FIVE
KINGDOMS

4. • Scientist classify all living things into five kingdoms,
by three criteria:
– Type of cells.
– Number of cells.
– Type of nutrition.

6. • Monera Kingdom:
– Unicellular prokaryotic organisms.
– Autotrophs or heterotrophs.
 Bacteria.

7. • Protoctist Kingdom:
– Unicellular and multicellular.
– Eukaryotic Cells.
– They have no tissues.
– Autotrophs or heterotrophs.
 Algae and Protozoa.

8. • Fungi Kingdom:
– Unicellular and multicellular.
– Eukaryotic Cells.
– They have no tissues.
– Heterotrophs.
 Yeasts, Moulds, Mushrooms.

9. • Plant Kingdom:
– Multicellular.
– Eukaryotic Cells.
– They have tissues.
– Autotrophs.
 Mosses, Ferns, Flowering Plants.

10. • Animal Kingdom:
– Multicellular.
– Eukaryotic Cells.
– They have tissues.
– Heterotrophs.
 Invertebrates and Vertebrates.

11. ACTIVITY 6. WHICH KINGDOM/S……..?
• 1. Is made up of unicellular living things, only?
• 2. Have eukaryotic cells?
• 3. Is made up of autotrophs living things, only?
• 4. Has prokaryotic cells?
• 5. Are made up of heterotrophs living things, only?
• 6. Are made up of multicellular living things, only?
• 7. Have both unicellular and multicellular living things?
• 8. Have both autotrophic and heterotrophic living things?

12. WHAT IS A SPECIES?

13. • A species is a set of living things which:
– Are physically similar.
– Reproduce and have fertile descendants.

14. ACTIVITY 7. ARE THESE PAIRS FROM THE SAME SPECIES?

15. THE SIMPLEST LIVING THINGS
Monera Kingdom
Protoctist Kingdom
Viruses

16. MONERA
KINGDOM

17. • The Monera Kingdom contains microscopic,
unicellular, prokaryotic organisms.
• Bacteria belong to the Monera Kingdom.

18. Bacteria Cell Structure

19. Bacteria are classified by shape into 4 groups:

20. Activity 1. Can you remember the
names….?

21. • Some bacteria are autotrophs, while others
are heterotrophs..
For ex. Cyanobacteria make their own food
through photosynthesis.

22. Bacteria Reproduction
• Bacteria reproduce by Binary fission,
producing two daughter cells. Each daughter
cell divides again.

23. Activity 2. Test yourself!
• Are these statements true or false?
1. Monera Kingdom includes animals and fungi.
2. Bacteria have prokaryotic cells.
3. Most bacteria are autotrophs.
4. Bacteria have capsule, cell wall and cell membrane.
5. Bacteria are classified by shape into four groups.
6. Bacillus are round.
7. Cyanobacteria are heterotrophs.
8. Bacteria are divided by binary fission.

24. PROTOCTIST
KINGDOM

25. • Protoctist Kingdom includes unicellular and
multicellular living things. They are eukaryotes,
and have no tissues.
• Protozoa and Algae are found in this kingdom.

26. PROTOZOA
• They are:
– Unicellular.
– Heterotrophs: they feed on bacteria, organic remains, and
other microscopic organisms.
– Aquatic, and they live in both salt water and fresh water.
– Some of them float on water and are food for animals, like
blue whales.
– Some of them are parasites, they live in other living things
bodies, and cause illnesses.

27. • There are four groups of Protozoa,
depending on the way they move:
1) Flagellates: they move using a flagellum.
2) Cilliates: they move using cillia
(hair-like organs)

28. 3) Rhizopods: they move using
pseudopods (projections of cell
cytoplasm).
4) Sporozoa: they have no movement. All of
them a parasites. Ex. Plasmodium causes
malaria.

29. Activity 3. What type of structures enables
each to move?
Pseudopods
Flagellum
Cannot move
Cillia

30. ALGAE
• They are:
– Unicellular or multicellular.
– Autotrophs: they contain chlorophyll and other
pigments which absorb the sunlight for
photosynthesis.

31. • There are three groups of algae, depending on
the photosynthetic pigment they use:
1) Green Algae: they use chlorophyll. They live
on the surface of fresh and salt water.

32. 2) Brown Algae: they use fucoxantine. They live only in
salt water. Some of them can be hundreds of metres
high (Sargazos).

33. 3) Red Algae: they use rodophyll. They live
deep in warm oceans.

34. Activity 4. Which type of algae…
1. Uses rodophyll to absorb the sunlight?
2. Lives only in salt water?
3. Lives near the surface in salt and fresh
water?
4. Uses chlorophyll to absorb the sunlight?
5. Uses fucoxantine to absorb the sunlight?

35. WELCOME TO…
FUNGI KINGDOM

36. What do you remember about them?
1. Are their cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
2. Are they unicellular or multicellular?
3. Are they autotrophic or heterotrophic?

37. • Fungi are eukaryotic living things.
• They may be unicellular or multicellular.
• Fungi are heterotrophic, they do not make their own
food, so they feed on organic materials.
• There are three types of fungi: Yeasts – Moulds –
Mushrooms.

38. There are three groups of fungi:
1. Yeasts: unicellular fungi. Some are parasites, but
others are helpful. They are used to make bread,
beer, wine. They reproduce by budding.

39. 2. Moulds: multicellular fungi. Some are parasites, and
others feed on decomposing matter, like bread, fruit,
etc.

40. 3. Mushrooms: multicellular fungi. They feed on
organic dead matter, decomposing it. Some are
edible, but others are poisonous. They reproduce by
spores.

41. Parts of a Mushroom
• The mycellium is the part
that grows underground.
• The gills have the spores.
When they are disperssed,
they form anew mycellium,
which grows into a new
fungi.

43. 1. Fungi are a type of plants, because they make their
own food.
2. Yeast are multicellular fungi.
3. Yeast feed on dead matter.
4. Yeast reproduce by bipartition.
5. Moulds are unicellular fungi.
6. Moulds have a mycellium, they grow on the soil.
7. Moulds feed on organic matter.
Activity 1. True or false? Correct the false ones.

44. 8. Mushrooms reproduce by spores.
9. The mycellium is the part that grows over the ground.
10. It is a good idea to pick up mushrooms using a plastic bag.
How many did you got?
1 - 4  Please, read the texts again and ask your doubts.
5 – 7  It is OK, but you could improve.
8 – 10  Really good! You know a lot about fungi kingdom.