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Layers of the Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere
• The atmosphere is the layer of gases that
  surrounds the planet and makes
  conditions on Earth suitable for living
  things.
Layers of the Atmosphere
• Earth’s atmosphere is divided into several
  different atmospheric layers extending
  from Earth’s surface outward.
Layers of the Atmosphere
• The troposphere is where all
  the weather occurs.

• It is the closest layer to
  Earth’s surface.

• It is the layer we live in.
Layers of the Atmosphere
• The stratosphere is located directly above
  the troposphere.

• This is where the ozone layer is.
Layers of the Atmosphere
• The next layer up is the mesosphere,
  followed by the thermosphere, and then
  the exosphere.
Layers of the Atmosphere
Space
               Exosphere
               Thermosphere
               Mesosphere
               Stratosphere (Ozone Layer)
               Troposphere (Weather, Life)
Earth’s Surface
Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen 78.1% & Oxygen 12.9%
• These are the two most common gases
    found in the atmosphere.
• They can be found throughout all the
    layers.
Atmospheric Gases
Ozone
• Ozone is a form of oxygen
• It is only found in the stratosphere
Atmospheric Gases
Water Vapor & Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• These are important gases for weather
   conditions.
• They are found in the troposphere where
   weather occurs.
Trace Gases
• These gases are unimportant and found
   in small amounts throughout the layers
   of the atmosphere.
• Example: argon
Photosynthesis

                                        sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water                                           glucose +
                  absorbed by chlorophyll
 oxygen
  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2


      As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the
      wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon
      dioxide.
Plants in Action
Check it!

What is the
  process
  that
  uses
  the
  sun’s
  energy
  to make
  simple
  sugars?
Atmospheric Temperatures
Differences in temperature are what
    separate each layer in the atmosphere
    from the one above and/or below it.
Atmospheric Temperatures
                             Altitude   Temperature
In the troposphere:

•   As altitude increases,
    temperature decreases
Atmospheric Temperatures
                               Altitude           Temperature
In the stratosphere:

•   The stratosphere is cold
    except in its upper                   Ozone
                                          Layer
    region where ozone is
    located.
Atmospheric Temperatures
                               Altitude   Temperature
In the Mesosphere:

•   This is the COLDEST
    layer in the atmosphere.
Atmospheric Temperatures
                                  Altitude   Temperature
In the thermosphere:

•   Even though the air is thin
    in the thermosphere, it is
    very HOT.
Atmospheric Temperatures
                                Altitude   Temperature
Beyond the thermosphere
   is the exosphere which
   leads into outer space
   where it is very cold,
   because there is little to
   no atmosphere to
   absorb the Sun’s heat
   energy.
Atmospheric Temperatures
                  Temperature   Altitude

Outer Space
   Exosphere
   Thermosphere
   Mesosphere
   Stratosphere
   Troposphere
Earth’s Surface
Atmospheric Pressure
•   Air pressure is the        Altitude   Air Pressure

    force exerted by the
    gases pushing on an
    object.

•   Air pressure is greatest
    near the surface of the
    Earth in the
    troposphere.
Solar Energy
• Energy from the Sun is known as Solar
  Energy.

• Solar energy is the driving energy source
  for heating Earth, and circulation in Earth’s
  atmosphere.
Solar Energy
• Some of the Sun’s energy coming through
  Earth’s atmosphere is reflected by gases
  and/or clouds in the atmosphere.
Solar Energy
• The land heats up and releases its heat
  fairly quickly.

• Water needs to absorb lots of solar energy
  to warm up.

• It is the water on Earth that helps to
  regulate the temperature range of Earth’s
  atmosphere.
Solar Energy
• Solar energy that is absorbed by Earth’s
  land and water surfaces is changed to
  heat that moves/radiates back into the
  atmosphere (troposphere) where the heat
  cannot be transmitted through the
  atmosphere so it is trapped, a process
  known as the greenhouse effect.

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Layers of the atmosphere

  • 1. Layers of the Atmosphere
  • 2. Layers of the Atmosphere • The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the planet and makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things.
  • 3. Layers of the Atmosphere • Earth’s atmosphere is divided into several different atmospheric layers extending from Earth’s surface outward.
  • 4. Layers of the Atmosphere • The troposphere is where all the weather occurs. • It is the closest layer to Earth’s surface. • It is the layer we live in.
  • 5. Layers of the Atmosphere • The stratosphere is located directly above the troposphere. • This is where the ozone layer is.
  • 6. Layers of the Atmosphere • The next layer up is the mesosphere, followed by the thermosphere, and then the exosphere.
  • 7. Layers of the Atmosphere Space Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) Troposphere (Weather, Life) Earth’s Surface
  • 8. Atmospheric Gases Nitrogen 78.1% & Oxygen 12.9% • These are the two most common gases found in the atmosphere. • They can be found throughout all the layers.
  • 9. Atmospheric Gases Ozone • Ozone is a form of oxygen • It is only found in the stratosphere
  • 10. Atmospheric Gases Water Vapor & Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • These are important gases for weather conditions. • They are found in the troposphere where weather occurs. Trace Gases • These gases are unimportant and found in small amounts throughout the layers of the atmosphere. • Example: argon
  • 11. Photosynthesis sunlight Carbon dioxide + water glucose + absorbed by chlorophyll oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon dioxide.
  • 12. Plants in Action Check it! What is the process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars?
  • 13. Atmospheric Temperatures Differences in temperature are what separate each layer in the atmosphere from the one above and/or below it.
  • 14. Atmospheric Temperatures Altitude Temperature In the troposphere: • As altitude increases, temperature decreases
  • 15. Atmospheric Temperatures Altitude Temperature In the stratosphere: • The stratosphere is cold except in its upper Ozone Layer region where ozone is located.
  • 16. Atmospheric Temperatures Altitude Temperature In the Mesosphere: • This is the COLDEST layer in the atmosphere.
  • 17. Atmospheric Temperatures Altitude Temperature In the thermosphere: • Even though the air is thin in the thermosphere, it is very HOT.
  • 18. Atmospheric Temperatures Altitude Temperature Beyond the thermosphere is the exosphere which leads into outer space where it is very cold, because there is little to no atmosphere to absorb the Sun’s heat energy.
  • 19. Atmospheric Temperatures Temperature Altitude Outer Space Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Earth’s Surface
  • 20. Atmospheric Pressure • Air pressure is the Altitude Air Pressure force exerted by the gases pushing on an object. • Air pressure is greatest near the surface of the Earth in the troposphere.
  • 21. Solar Energy • Energy from the Sun is known as Solar Energy. • Solar energy is the driving energy source for heating Earth, and circulation in Earth’s atmosphere.
  • 22. Solar Energy • Some of the Sun’s energy coming through Earth’s atmosphere is reflected by gases and/or clouds in the atmosphere.
  • 23. Solar Energy • The land heats up and releases its heat fairly quickly. • Water needs to absorb lots of solar energy to warm up. • It is the water on Earth that helps to regulate the temperature range of Earth’s atmosphere.
  • 24. Solar Energy • Solar energy that is absorbed by Earth’s land and water surfaces is changed to heat that moves/radiates back into the atmosphere (troposphere) where the heat cannot be transmitted through the atmosphere so it is trapped, a process known as the greenhouse effect.