The document discusses the basic building blocks of living things. It states that all living things are made of organic matter and are composed of chemical elements like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It also explains that biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic molecules that make up living beings, and molecules like water and mineral salts can be both organic or inorganic. Finally, it briefly outlines the three main life processes of nutrition, reproduction, and interaction with the environment.

1. ALL THE LIVING
THINGS
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2. • All living beings are made up of Organic Matter.
• Matter is formed by chemical elements. There
are about 118 chemical elements in our planet,
which are represented in the Periodic Table of
Elements.

4. Each element has a symbol in the Table. For example:
Oxygen: O Carbon: C Iron: Fe
Hidrogen: H Nitrogen: N Titanium: Ti
Sulfur: S Silver: Ag Calcium: C
For example, our bones have calcium (Ca) and phosphorus
(P).
Fluorine (F) is a neccesary
chemical element for
your teeth.
Our body is made up of around 80 chemical elements.

5. For example, our bones have calcium (Ca) and
phosphorus (P).
Fluorine (F) is a neccesary chemical element for
your teeth.
Our body is made up of around 80 chemical
elements.

6. C (carbon), H (hydrogen),
O (oxygen) and N(nitrogen)
The most abundant elements
in living things are:

7. • These elements join together to form
Biomolecules, the molecules that make up
living beings,

8. • Biomolecules are classify as:
– Organic: only present in living thins: Lipids,
Glucids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids.
– Inorganic: present in both living things and
non-living things: Water and Mineral Salts.

9. C
H O N P
Organic biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Inorganic biomolecules
Water
Mineral salts
Biomolecules

10. • Biomolecules are responsible for:
– Provide us energy to live.
– Make up our structures (muscles, bones, etc)
– Take part in chemical reactions that occur in
our body.
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11. LIFE PROCESSES

12. Living things
• All living things carry out three vital
functions:
– Nutrition.
– Reproduction.
– Interaction with the enviroment.

13. 1
All living things
need nutrition

14. • Food is used to provide energy
and to build new structures.
• Plants, algae and some
bacteria make their own food
using sunlight. They are called
Autotrophs.
• Animals, fungi and some
bacteria feed on other living
things. That is why they are
called Heterotrophs.

15. 2
All living things
reproduce

16. • They are able to produce new
living things.
• There are two basic types:
– Asexual: involves one living
thing.
– Sexual: involves two living things
of different sexes. Each one
provides a sexual cell called
gamete:
• Female cell is called Ovum.
• Male cell is called
Spermatozoon.

17. 3
All living things
interact with
the enviroment.

18. • All living things respond to
changes in their environment.
Living things notice changes
and react to them.
• Eg. Plants grow towards the
light.
• Eg. People react to the
temperature around them.

19. ACTIVITY 1. WHICH LIFE PROCESS REPRESENT EACH IMAGE?

20. ACTIVITY 2. CLASSIFY THESE LIVING THINGS AS AUTOTROPHIC
OR HETEROTROPHIC.

21. CELLS

22. WHAT ARE CELLS?
• Cells are the smallest unit of life. They
are the structural and functional units
for all living things.
– All living things are made up of one or more
cells.
– Cells carry out the three life processes.
– Cells come from other cells.

23. microscope
1 micrometre (μm)
equals
0.001 millimetres (mm)
cell

24. Parts of a Cell

25. Parts of a Cell
• The Cell Membrane covers the hole cell.
• The Cytoplasm is the inside of the cell.
It is a jelly-like substance. Organelles
are small structures in the cytoplasm,
and they are responsible for different
functions.
• The Nucleous: controls how cells work
and contains the hereditary information.
It is not in all cells types.

27. • There are two basic Types of Cells:

28. Prokaryotic Cells
• Are simpler: have
less types of
organelles.
• Have no nucleous.
• The genetic material
is dispersed in the
cytoplasm.
• Bacteria are made
up of prokaryotic
cells.

29. Eukaryotic Cells
• Have a nucleous, with a
nuclear membrane.
• The genetic material is
inside the nucleous.
• Are complex: have more
types of organelles.
• Animals, plants, fungi,
algae and protozoa are
made up of eukaryotic
cells.

30. ACTIVITY 3. PROKARYOTIC OR EUKARYOTIC CELL?
1. Has less organeles, is simpler 
2. Has a nucleous 
3. Genetic material is dispersed in the cytoplasm 
4. They are found in bacteria 
5. Has a lot of organelles, is complex 
6. They are found in animals, fungi, plants, protozoa and algae 

31. Two types of Eukaryotic Cells

32. Animal Cell Vegetal Cell
Shape
Rigid Cell Wall
(Made of
cellulose)
Cell Membrane
Chloroplasts.
(Organelles which
absorb the Sun’s
energy)
Vacuoles
(Organelles that
accumulate
substances)

33. Animal Cell Vegetal Cell
Shape Spherical Hexagonal
Rigid Cell Wall
(Made of
cellulose)
No Yes
Cell Membrane Yes Yes
Chloroplasts.
(Organelles which
absorb the Sun’s
energy)
No Yes.
Vacuoles
(Organelles that
accumulate
substances)
Smaller Bigger

34. • Living things can be
classified into two
different groups:
– Unicellular: living
things that have only
one cell.
– Multicellular: living
things that have
many different cells.

35. Multicellular Organisation
• In multicellular living things, cells join
together forming different levels of
complexity:
– Tissues are layers of cells wiyh the same function.
Example: epitelial tissue (the skin), made up of
epitelial cells.

37. – Organs: are groups of various tissues which act
together.
Example: a muscle is an organ made up of muscle
tissue, nerve tissue, epitelial tissue and blood
tissue.

38. • Systems: are made up of several organs, of the same or
different type.
Examples: the muscular system is made up of muscles.
the digestive system includes different organs.

39. ACTIVITY 5. PUT THESE ELEMENTS IN ORDER OF COMPLEXITY.