This research aims to shed light on the use of machine learning in improving, developing and automating the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many aspects.
The research is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with studying the critical path method and its advantages, problems and challenges, as well as studying machine learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions, reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others who have sufficient experience in both the critical path method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on both topics.
The result of the theoretical research was 14 theories or proposals that were presented based on the foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a conclusion was drawn regarding them.
causes and implication of delay in constructionsudinak
This document summarizes the M.Sc. thesis presented by Sudina Kuikel to the Nepal Engineering College on local road bridge construction delays. The thesis aims to analyze the present situation of local road bridge construction in Nepal, identify the real causes of delays, study stakeholder perceptions of delays and their effects, and assess the implications of delays. The methodology involves a literature review, analysis of project documents and interviews with clients, contractors and consultants to develop a list of common delay causes and effects. Questionnaires are used to gather stakeholder input on cause and effect rankings, and site observations are conducted for selected case studies. Preliminary findings indicate delays are a major problem, with schedules often revised multiple times. The document outlines the structure
The "Project management" module is focused to adults learners interested in learning and purchase the abilities and skills needed to be able to define a project and its different components: objectives, action plan, etc.
This module is part of a set of materials designed and developed in the project Telecentre Multimedia Academy (Lifelong learning - Grundtvig (2012-2014)) project.
The Telecentre Multimedia Academy is a project where Fundación Esplai worked with a consortium of 8 partners from Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Serbia and Hungary, whose coordinator is Telecentre Europe.
You can learn more about the Telecentre Multimedia Academy project in:
http://fundacionesplai.org/e-inclusion-internacional/tma/
Value engineering in residential house constructionIAEME Publication
This document discusses the application of value engineering techniques in residential house construction projects. It begins with defining value engineering as systematically identifying the functions of a product or service and delivering those functions reliably at the lowest overall cost. The document then outlines the benefits of value engineering, including cost reduction, time savings, and quality improvement. It describes the typical job plan process for a value engineering study, which involves information gathering, creative idea generation, idea evaluation, development of alternatives, and recommendations. Finally, it states that value engineering is an effective approach that should be understood and accepted at all levels of project management in order to achieve whole-life value for construction projects.
This document discusses automation in the construction industry. It begins by defining automation and describing some automated systems used. It then discusses the history and objectives of automation in construction, including the use of building information modeling (BIM) to plan robotic motions at construction sites. Various types of construction robots are also described, such as teleoperated, programmed, and cognitive robots. Examples are provided of specific robots used for tasks like spraying, welding, and grinding. The document concludes that integrating automation and robotics can improve productivity, quality, and safety in construction.
This document discusses applying value engineering techniques to enhance the value of a slit housing component used in microscopes. The current slit housing design and manufacturing process were analyzed. Alternative designs and materials were brainstormed, and options were evaluated based on criteria like ease of use, durability, and cost. Implementing the proposed design changes resulted in a 36.79% reduction in per unit cost, translating to annual savings of over Rs. 573,200 for an annual demand of 10,000 units. The value engineering goals of identifying unnecessary functions, adding desirable functions, and reducing costs through eliminating redundancies were achieved.
The document discusses a cash flow report generated in MS Project for a toll administration block construction project. It defines what a cash flow report is, explaining that it shows how a company spends its money over time. The document then discusses why cash flow reports are important for informing readers about a project's cash position and finances. It provides steps to generate a cash flow report and graph in MS Project for a case study project that is 54% complete. The conclusion emphasizes that cash flow reports provide useful information about project spending and future funding needs.
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construct...Shrikant Kate
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construction Management _ Final Year (BE) _ Department of Civil Engineering _ TAE _ SPPU _ by Shrikant R. Kate
Construction scheduling, work study and work measurement Construction scheduling.
Construction project scheduling – purpose, factors affecting scheduling, time as a control tool
Work Breakdown Structure, project work breakdown levels, line of balance technique
Repetitive project management Work study and work measurement
Definition, objectives, basic procedure of work study, symbols, activity charts, string diagrams, time and motion studies.
causes and implication of delay in constructionsudinak
This document summarizes the M.Sc. thesis presented by Sudina Kuikel to the Nepal Engineering College on local road bridge construction delays. The thesis aims to analyze the present situation of local road bridge construction in Nepal, identify the real causes of delays, study stakeholder perceptions of delays and their effects, and assess the implications of delays. The methodology involves a literature review, analysis of project documents and interviews with clients, contractors and consultants to develop a list of common delay causes and effects. Questionnaires are used to gather stakeholder input on cause and effect rankings, and site observations are conducted for selected case studies. Preliminary findings indicate delays are a major problem, with schedules often revised multiple times. The document outlines the structure
The "Project management" module is focused to adults learners interested in learning and purchase the abilities and skills needed to be able to define a project and its different components: objectives, action plan, etc.
This module is part of a set of materials designed and developed in the project Telecentre Multimedia Academy (Lifelong learning - Grundtvig (2012-2014)) project.
The Telecentre Multimedia Academy is a project where Fundación Esplai worked with a consortium of 8 partners from Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Serbia and Hungary, whose coordinator is Telecentre Europe.
You can learn more about the Telecentre Multimedia Academy project in:
http://fundacionesplai.org/e-inclusion-internacional/tma/
Value engineering in residential house constructionIAEME Publication
This document discusses the application of value engineering techniques in residential house construction projects. It begins with defining value engineering as systematically identifying the functions of a product or service and delivering those functions reliably at the lowest overall cost. The document then outlines the benefits of value engineering, including cost reduction, time savings, and quality improvement. It describes the typical job plan process for a value engineering study, which involves information gathering, creative idea generation, idea evaluation, development of alternatives, and recommendations. Finally, it states that value engineering is an effective approach that should be understood and accepted at all levels of project management in order to achieve whole-life value for construction projects.
This document discusses automation in the construction industry. It begins by defining automation and describing some automated systems used. It then discusses the history and objectives of automation in construction, including the use of building information modeling (BIM) to plan robotic motions at construction sites. Various types of construction robots are also described, such as teleoperated, programmed, and cognitive robots. Examples are provided of specific robots used for tasks like spraying, welding, and grinding. The document concludes that integrating automation and robotics can improve productivity, quality, and safety in construction.
This document discusses applying value engineering techniques to enhance the value of a slit housing component used in microscopes. The current slit housing design and manufacturing process were analyzed. Alternative designs and materials were brainstormed, and options were evaluated based on criteria like ease of use, durability, and cost. Implementing the proposed design changes resulted in a 36.79% reduction in per unit cost, translating to annual savings of over Rs. 573,200 for an annual demand of 10,000 units. The value engineering goals of identifying unnecessary functions, adding desirable functions, and reducing costs through eliminating redundancies were achieved.
The document discusses a cash flow report generated in MS Project for a toll administration block construction project. It defines what a cash flow report is, explaining that it shows how a company spends its money over time. The document then discusses why cash flow reports are important for informing readers about a project's cash position and finances. It provides steps to generate a cash flow report and graph in MS Project for a case study project that is 54% complete. The conclusion emphasizes that cash flow reports provide useful information about project spending and future funding needs.
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construct...Shrikant Kate
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construction Management _ Final Year (BE) _ Department of Civil Engineering _ TAE _ SPPU _ by Shrikant R. Kate
Construction scheduling, work study and work measurement Construction scheduling.
Construction project scheduling – purpose, factors affecting scheduling, time as a control tool
Work Breakdown Structure, project work breakdown levels, line of balance technique
Repetitive project management Work study and work measurement
Definition, objectives, basic procedure of work study, symbols, activity charts, string diagrams, time and motion studies.
The document discusses construction management and provides details about the construction industry. It begins by defining construction and explaining the economic importance of the sector. It notes that construction differs from manufacturing in that each project is unique and faces various challenges from weather, remote locations, and incorporating innovations more slowly. The types of construction projects are then outlined, including residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and more. Examples of mega construction projects from history like the Great Pyramid, Great Wall of China, Eurotunnel, and Suez Canal are then discussed to showcase their immense scale and complexity. Characteristics of the construction industry in Pakistan as well as examples of large dam projects like Tarbela are also covered.
Here are the key transmission systems used in micro machines:
- Belt drive: Uses belts and pulleys to transmit rotary motion. Provides smooth motion but has
limited torque capacity.
- Gear drive: Uses gears of different sizes/numbers of teeth to increase/decrease speed and
torque. Provides high torque transmission but can be noisy.
- Rack and pinion: Converts rotary to linear motion using a gear and a toothed bar. Used for
linear motion transmission.
- Leadscrew: A threaded shaft used with a nut to convert rotary to linear motion. Provides
smooth linear motion with high precision. Commonly used in CNC machines.
- Hydraulic/pneumatic
This presentation is about Value Engineering and contains:
1.History of VE
2.Value Concept
3.What is Value Engineering?
4.Implementation of VE in our project
5.Principle and Purpose of VE
6.Case Study
7.Conclusion
Chapter 3 Construction Planning and Scheduling lect. 3.pptssuserb4074f
This document provides an overview of construction planning and scheduling. It discusses the importance of construction planning, including the advantages of planning before, during, and after a project's completion. It also outlines the steps involved in construction planning, including determining activities, sequencing activities, estimating activity durations, and developing schedules. The document also discusses construction scheduling techniques like bar charts, network scheduling using critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation review technique (PERT), and how to calculate critical paths.
This document provides an overview of how to use Microsoft Project to plan and manage projects. It discusses setting up the project workspace and defining tasks, estimating durations, sequencing tasks, developing a schedule, assigning resources and tracking costs, tracking progress against the baseline, reporting on variances, and customizing Gantt charts and timescales. The document also covers inserting subprojects into a master project and sharing resources between projects as part of project portfolio management in MS Project.
The document summarizes a case study on the failed implementation of an automated baggage handling system at Denver International Airport from 1989 to 1995. Key issues included a lack of early planning for baggage handling, cost overruns of over $300 million and 16 months delay in completion. Technical problems, poor communication between stakeholders, and failure to properly assess risks contributed to project failures. Recommendations included clear leadership, thorough planning, stakeholder buy-in, frequent communication, and testing systems on a smaller scale first.
The document discusses key concepts relating to project management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. Project management is described as applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet requirements. The document also outlines various tools used in project planning, execution, monitoring, communication and challenges faced in project management.
This document contains assignments for testing of materials course units 1 through 5. It includes questions related to the importance of material selection and testing, different types of material tests, mechanical tests, non-destructive tests, material characterization tests, and other tests such as thermal analysis and spectroscopy. Students are asked to explain topics like stages of test development, properties from bending tests, principles of hardness tests, and workings of various microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis techniques. They are also asked to discuss advantages, limitations and applications of different material tests.
Scheduling Optimization with Line of Balance and Start-to-Finish RelationsRicardo Viana Vargas
Presentation for the article "Modelling and Optimizing Schedules with Line of Balance and Start-Finish Relationship" available at http://www.ricardo-vargas.com/articles/modelling-and-optimizing-schedules-with-line-of-balance-and-start-finish-relationship/
Presented at the PMI Global Congress 2015 in London.
This document provides a case study analysis of the project management of the film Lagaan. It describes the scope of the project, which was to film the story of villagers in 1893 British-ruled India who face a cricket match challenge from the British to avoid increased taxes. A work breakdown structure divided the project into activities like auditions, location setup, and shooting over a 6 month period. Key risks involved budget overruns and delays. The project network diagram mapped the critical path of pre-production, shooting and post-production activities. Though delayed and over budget, Lagaan was a major commercial and critical success, nominated for an Academy Award.
6 MONTHS TRAINING REPORT AT MAHINDRA AND MAHINDRAshashi jaiswal
The document provides details about the installation of a new machining center, the Starrag IWK 7000, at Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj. It discusses the transportation of the machine to the factory, its disassembly and maintenance, electrical setup, mechanical assembly, and final testing phase. The machine allows for increased production capacity and reduced human effort through its fully automatic capabilities and high precision.
Microsoft Project is a project management software that helps plan, assign resources, track progress, manage budgets, and analyze workloads for projects. It was first released in 1984 and acquired by Microsoft in 1985. The latest version is Microsoft Project 2013. It allows users to create project schedules and budgets, assign resources to tasks, track progress, and keep project teams aligned to complete projects on time and on budget. Microsoft Project provides robust management tools to help users efficiently and effectively manage all aspects of a project throughout its life cycle from planning to closing.
This document discusses resource management for construction projects. It defines resources as things like labor, equipment, materials, and money needed to complete work. The key aspects of resource management are:
1) Defining the important resources to manage and classify them as key, secondary, or general.
2) Determining if a project is time-constrained, where duration cannot increase but additional resources can be used, or resource-constrained, where resources cannot exceed availability even if it increases duration.
3) Allocating resources to each activity, then aggregating total resource needs over time to create resource load charts to understand fluctuations and identify places to level resources for better utilization.
This document provides guidance on developing project schedules using a methodical, two-step process of schedule design followed by schedule development. It emphasizes separating the conceptual schedule design phase from the detailed schedule development phase. The schedule design phase includes planning the schedule scope, level of detail, activity coding structure, sequencing, and reporting needs. The development phase then builds the detailed schedule based on the design. It provides tips for determining an appropriate level of detail, grouping activities, and developing logic relationships between activities.
This document summarizes automation in the construction industry. It discusses how automation applies principles of industrial automation to construction processes through technologies like CAD/CAM, building information modeling (BIM), robotics, and programmable construction machines. The document outlines the history and objectives of construction automation, as well as technologies used like teleoperated and programmed robots. Benefits include increased productivity and quality, while challenges include high costs. The document concludes that construction automation has potential to improve productivity, quality, and safety through technologies like contour crafting.
A software process model is an abstract representation of a process that guides the coordination and control of tasks needed to develop software. Common models include waterfall, prototype, rapid application development, evolutionary development, incremental, iterative, spiral, and component-based development. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration. Iterative models allow for incremental development and feedback through multiple iterations. The spiral model combines iterative development with risk analysis through iterations called spirals.
Report of design and development of multi purpose mechanical machine Jitendra Jha
This document describes a project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. It outlines the design, development and fabrication of a multi-purpose mechanical machine capable of drilling, cutting and shaping. The machine uses a Whitworth quick return mechanism powered by an electric motor to perform multiple operations simultaneously. It is a compact and low-cost machine that could be useful for industrial and domestic applications.
Value analysis and value engineering are techniques used to analyze the value of products, processes, and capital projects. They involve identifying the functions of an item and finding ways to accomplish those functions at the lowest total cost while maintaining quality and performance. Value analysis was traditionally used on existing products while value engineering focused on new products at the design stage. Both aim to reduce unnecessary costs and improve operations and product performance using techniques like function analysis. The concepts and techniques were developed in the 1940s at GE by Lawrence Miles, who is considered the father of value analysis and value engineering.
The document outlines the schedule and dependencies for tasks in building a water pump station project. Key tasks include obtaining permits, installing utilities, driving sheet piles, excavation and tiebacks over 90 days, pouring the foundation and slab over 43 days, and constructing and waterproofing the walls. The individual is asked to build a precedence table and solve the initial network in MS Project, listing assumptions and identifying the critical path and Gantt chart.
Literature Review in Project Scheduling TechniquesObi-Ugbo Alex
This document provides a literature review of 33 journal articles on project scheduling techniques from 1994 to 2016. It summarizes various approaches that have been developed to overcome limitations of traditional scheduling tools like CPM and PERT in dealing with stochastic environments, resource constraints, and repetitive projects. The reviewed research aims to reduce project duration, solve time and resource constraints, and address issues in job shop scheduling. New methods discussed include dependency structure matrix, fuzzy critical path analysis, stochastic project scheduling simulation, line of balance for repetitive projects, and approaches using resource dependencies, discounted cash flows, and SAT solvers to deal with resource-constrained project scheduling problems.
Efficient Indicators to Evaluate the Status of Software Development Effort Es...IJMIT JOURNAL
Development effort is an undeniable part of the project management which considerably influences the
success of project. Inaccurate and unreliable estimation of effort can easily lead to the failure of project.
Due to the special specifications, accurate estimation of effort in the software projects is a vital
management activity that must be carefully done to avoid from the unforeseen results. However numerous
effort estimation methods have been proposed in this field, the accuracy of estimates is not satisfying and
the attempts continue to improve the performance of estimation methods. Prior researches conducted in
this area have focused on numerical and quantitative approaches and there are a few research works that
investigate the root problems and issues behind the inaccurate effort estimation of software development
effort. In this paper, a framework is proposed to evaluate and investigate the situation of an organization in
terms of effort estimation. The proposed framework includes various indicators which cover the critical
issues in field of software development effort estimation. Since the capabilities and shortages of
organizations for effort estimation are not the same, the proposed indicators can lead to have a systematic
approach in which the strengths and weaknesses of organizations in field of effort estimation are
discovered
The document discusses construction management and provides details about the construction industry. It begins by defining construction and explaining the economic importance of the sector. It notes that construction differs from manufacturing in that each project is unique and faces various challenges from weather, remote locations, and incorporating innovations more slowly. The types of construction projects are then outlined, including residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and more. Examples of mega construction projects from history like the Great Pyramid, Great Wall of China, Eurotunnel, and Suez Canal are then discussed to showcase their immense scale and complexity. Characteristics of the construction industry in Pakistan as well as examples of large dam projects like Tarbela are also covered.
Here are the key transmission systems used in micro machines:
- Belt drive: Uses belts and pulleys to transmit rotary motion. Provides smooth motion but has
limited torque capacity.
- Gear drive: Uses gears of different sizes/numbers of teeth to increase/decrease speed and
torque. Provides high torque transmission but can be noisy.
- Rack and pinion: Converts rotary to linear motion using a gear and a toothed bar. Used for
linear motion transmission.
- Leadscrew: A threaded shaft used with a nut to convert rotary to linear motion. Provides
smooth linear motion with high precision. Commonly used in CNC machines.
- Hydraulic/pneumatic
This presentation is about Value Engineering and contains:
1.History of VE
2.Value Concept
3.What is Value Engineering?
4.Implementation of VE in our project
5.Principle and Purpose of VE
6.Case Study
7.Conclusion
Chapter 3 Construction Planning and Scheduling lect. 3.pptssuserb4074f
This document provides an overview of construction planning and scheduling. It discusses the importance of construction planning, including the advantages of planning before, during, and after a project's completion. It also outlines the steps involved in construction planning, including determining activities, sequencing activities, estimating activity durations, and developing schedules. The document also discusses construction scheduling techniques like bar charts, network scheduling using critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation review technique (PERT), and how to calculate critical paths.
This document provides an overview of how to use Microsoft Project to plan and manage projects. It discusses setting up the project workspace and defining tasks, estimating durations, sequencing tasks, developing a schedule, assigning resources and tracking costs, tracking progress against the baseline, reporting on variances, and customizing Gantt charts and timescales. The document also covers inserting subprojects into a master project and sharing resources between projects as part of project portfolio management in MS Project.
The document summarizes a case study on the failed implementation of an automated baggage handling system at Denver International Airport from 1989 to 1995. Key issues included a lack of early planning for baggage handling, cost overruns of over $300 million and 16 months delay in completion. Technical problems, poor communication between stakeholders, and failure to properly assess risks contributed to project failures. Recommendations included clear leadership, thorough planning, stakeholder buy-in, frequent communication, and testing systems on a smaller scale first.
The document discusses key concepts relating to project management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. Project management is described as applying knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet requirements. The document also outlines various tools used in project planning, execution, monitoring, communication and challenges faced in project management.
This document contains assignments for testing of materials course units 1 through 5. It includes questions related to the importance of material selection and testing, different types of material tests, mechanical tests, non-destructive tests, material characterization tests, and other tests such as thermal analysis and spectroscopy. Students are asked to explain topics like stages of test development, properties from bending tests, principles of hardness tests, and workings of various microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis techniques. They are also asked to discuss advantages, limitations and applications of different material tests.
Scheduling Optimization with Line of Balance and Start-to-Finish RelationsRicardo Viana Vargas
Presentation for the article "Modelling and Optimizing Schedules with Line of Balance and Start-Finish Relationship" available at http://www.ricardo-vargas.com/articles/modelling-and-optimizing-schedules-with-line-of-balance-and-start-finish-relationship/
Presented at the PMI Global Congress 2015 in London.
This document provides a case study analysis of the project management of the film Lagaan. It describes the scope of the project, which was to film the story of villagers in 1893 British-ruled India who face a cricket match challenge from the British to avoid increased taxes. A work breakdown structure divided the project into activities like auditions, location setup, and shooting over a 6 month period. Key risks involved budget overruns and delays. The project network diagram mapped the critical path of pre-production, shooting and post-production activities. Though delayed and over budget, Lagaan was a major commercial and critical success, nominated for an Academy Award.
6 MONTHS TRAINING REPORT AT MAHINDRA AND MAHINDRAshashi jaiswal
The document provides details about the installation of a new machining center, the Starrag IWK 7000, at Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj. It discusses the transportation of the machine to the factory, its disassembly and maintenance, electrical setup, mechanical assembly, and final testing phase. The machine allows for increased production capacity and reduced human effort through its fully automatic capabilities and high precision.
Microsoft Project is a project management software that helps plan, assign resources, track progress, manage budgets, and analyze workloads for projects. It was first released in 1984 and acquired by Microsoft in 1985. The latest version is Microsoft Project 2013. It allows users to create project schedules and budgets, assign resources to tasks, track progress, and keep project teams aligned to complete projects on time and on budget. Microsoft Project provides robust management tools to help users efficiently and effectively manage all aspects of a project throughout its life cycle from planning to closing.
This document discusses resource management for construction projects. It defines resources as things like labor, equipment, materials, and money needed to complete work. The key aspects of resource management are:
1) Defining the important resources to manage and classify them as key, secondary, or general.
2) Determining if a project is time-constrained, where duration cannot increase but additional resources can be used, or resource-constrained, where resources cannot exceed availability even if it increases duration.
3) Allocating resources to each activity, then aggregating total resource needs over time to create resource load charts to understand fluctuations and identify places to level resources for better utilization.
This document provides guidance on developing project schedules using a methodical, two-step process of schedule design followed by schedule development. It emphasizes separating the conceptual schedule design phase from the detailed schedule development phase. The schedule design phase includes planning the schedule scope, level of detail, activity coding structure, sequencing, and reporting needs. The development phase then builds the detailed schedule based on the design. It provides tips for determining an appropriate level of detail, grouping activities, and developing logic relationships between activities.
This document summarizes automation in the construction industry. It discusses how automation applies principles of industrial automation to construction processes through technologies like CAD/CAM, building information modeling (BIM), robotics, and programmable construction machines. The document outlines the history and objectives of construction automation, as well as technologies used like teleoperated and programmed robots. Benefits include increased productivity and quality, while challenges include high costs. The document concludes that construction automation has potential to improve productivity, quality, and safety through technologies like contour crafting.
A software process model is an abstract representation of a process that guides the coordination and control of tasks needed to develop software. Common models include waterfall, prototype, rapid application development, evolutionary development, incremental, iterative, spiral, and component-based development. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration. Iterative models allow for incremental development and feedback through multiple iterations. The spiral model combines iterative development with risk analysis through iterations called spirals.
Report of design and development of multi purpose mechanical machine Jitendra Jha
This document describes a project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. It outlines the design, development and fabrication of a multi-purpose mechanical machine capable of drilling, cutting and shaping. The machine uses a Whitworth quick return mechanism powered by an electric motor to perform multiple operations simultaneously. It is a compact and low-cost machine that could be useful for industrial and domestic applications.
Value analysis and value engineering are techniques used to analyze the value of products, processes, and capital projects. They involve identifying the functions of an item and finding ways to accomplish those functions at the lowest total cost while maintaining quality and performance. Value analysis was traditionally used on existing products while value engineering focused on new products at the design stage. Both aim to reduce unnecessary costs and improve operations and product performance using techniques like function analysis. The concepts and techniques were developed in the 1940s at GE by Lawrence Miles, who is considered the father of value analysis and value engineering.
The document outlines the schedule and dependencies for tasks in building a water pump station project. Key tasks include obtaining permits, installing utilities, driving sheet piles, excavation and tiebacks over 90 days, pouring the foundation and slab over 43 days, and constructing and waterproofing the walls. The individual is asked to build a precedence table and solve the initial network in MS Project, listing assumptions and identifying the critical path and Gantt chart.
Literature Review in Project Scheduling TechniquesObi-Ugbo Alex
This document provides a literature review of 33 journal articles on project scheduling techniques from 1994 to 2016. It summarizes various approaches that have been developed to overcome limitations of traditional scheduling tools like CPM and PERT in dealing with stochastic environments, resource constraints, and repetitive projects. The reviewed research aims to reduce project duration, solve time and resource constraints, and address issues in job shop scheduling. New methods discussed include dependency structure matrix, fuzzy critical path analysis, stochastic project scheduling simulation, line of balance for repetitive projects, and approaches using resource dependencies, discounted cash flows, and SAT solvers to deal with resource-constrained project scheduling problems.
Efficient Indicators to Evaluate the Status of Software Development Effort Es...IJMIT JOURNAL
Development effort is an undeniable part of the project management which considerably influences the
success of project. Inaccurate and unreliable estimation of effort can easily lead to the failure of project.
Due to the special specifications, accurate estimation of effort in the software projects is a vital
management activity that must be carefully done to avoid from the unforeseen results. However numerous
effort estimation methods have been proposed in this field, the accuracy of estimates is not satisfying and
the attempts continue to improve the performance of estimation methods. Prior researches conducted in
this area have focused on numerical and quantitative approaches and there are a few research works that
investigate the root problems and issues behind the inaccurate effort estimation of software development
effort. In this paper, a framework is proposed to evaluate and investigate the situation of an organization in
terms of effort estimation. The proposed framework includes various indicators which cover the critical
issues in field of software development effort estimation. Since the capabilities and shortages of
organizations for effort estimation are not the same, the proposed indicators can lead to have a systematic
approach in which the strengths and weaknesses of organizations in field of effort estimation are
discovered
Activity schedule and affective control of component based projecteSAT Journals
Abstract Abstract The overall performance of any organizations depends on the way the project is managed and scheduled. The successful implementation of one or two big or complex project does not indicate that this organization will perform In the same way in future. Component based implementation of software development projects in the automotive industry have to face the rapid strategies for the use of the latest technologies that would provide the success of this type of projects, namely the frequency of change requirements during the life cycle. The cost and time for software testing was analyzed and to avoid delays in the project and more to cope with disturbances caused by changing requirements in the each phase of the project life cycle. Using of Component Based Software Engineering(CBSE) in software company, the implementation of any software project has become easy but the integration of available component or their use is the not only skill of project manager but the delivery of project in time is a required.. The project manager ensure the success of their project as a competitive advantage and establish such a system which will work with limited resources and available time. The project management tools and techniques i.e. Critical Path Methods(CPM) or Program Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT) are used in reality as the most valuable and are planned to be used in the component based software testing system. This research result point out that there is a huge difference between planned and unplanned testing project. It also shows that the time of testing can be reduced with increase of cost of failure as a result the company may decide the benefit from that project. Analysis of the results allows to determine dependencies between level of company’s maturity level in project management, used project management tools and techniques, and values gained by the company from project management time to time with measured risk factor. Key Words: K Component Base Software Engineering(CBSE), CPM, PERT, Project life cycle, planned or unplanned project
Running head critical path method1 critical path method7criticDIPESH30
This document discusses the critical path method (CPM) and its application in project management. It begins by introducing CPM and outlining its key steps: defining tasks, creating a flowchart of task relationships, identifying critical and non-critical paths, determining task times, and locating alternative paths. It then discusses schedule risk analysis and joint confidence level analysis as complementary project management techniques. Schedule risk analysis connects risk information to the project baseline schedule. Joint confidence level analysis provides a holistic view of cost and schedule risk, showing their correlation through a "football chart" shape. The document aims to explain how these techniques can improve project planning and management.
The document discusses Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), a project management tool used to analyze tasks, time required, and critical paths. It describes various project management methodologies like PRINCE2, Agile, and Critical Path Method (CPM) that are suited for different types of projects. Finally, it discusses setting up an organizational structure and quality management process for a project.
The changes required in the IT project plan for Telecomm Ltd would.docxmattinsonjanel
The changes required in the IT project plan for Telecomm Ltd would entail specific variation in the platforms used in the initial implementation plan. Initially, the three projects that were planned for implementation included; the installation of business intelligence platform, the implementation of Statistical Analysis System software technology, and the creation of an effectively network infrastructure. In this case, the changes would include an addition of an ERP software to ensure the performance of the workforce within the Telecomms Ltd employees.
ERP is an effectively coordinated information technology system that would ensure the company’s performance is enhanced. To understand how the implementation of a coordinated IT system offers a competitive advantage of a firm, it is essential to acknowledge three core reasons for the failure of information technology related projects as commonly cited by IT managers. In this case, IT managers cite the three reasons as; poor planning or management, change in business objectives and goals during the implementation process of a project, and lack of proper management support completion (Houston, 2011). Also, in the majority of completed projects, technology is usually deployed in a vacuum; hence users resist it. The implementation of coordinated information technology systems, such as ERP would provide an ultimate solution to the three reasons for failure, and thus would give Telecomms Ltd a competitive advantage in the already competitive market. Since the implementation of systems like ERP directly provides solution to common problems that act as drawbacks regarding the competitiveness of firm, it is, therefore, evident that its use place Telecomms Ltd above its rival companies in the market share (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001).
The use ERP, which is a reliable coordinated IT system entails three distinctive implementation strategies that a firm can choose depending on its specific needs. The changes in the projects would be as follows: The three implementation strategies are independently capable of providing a relatively competitive advantage for many companies. These strategies are: big bang, phased rollout, and parallel adoption. In the big bang implementation strategy, happens in a single instance, whereby all the users are moved to a new system on a designated (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001). The phased rollout implementation on the other hand usually involves a changeover in several phases, and it is executed in an extended period. In this case, the users move onto the new system in a series of steps (Houston, 2011). Lastly, the parallel adoption implementation strategy allows both legacy and the new ERP system to run at the same time. It is also essential to note that users in this strategy get to learn the new system while still working on the old system (Wallace & Kremzar, 2001). The three strategies effectively change the information system of Telecomms Ltd tremendously such that it positiv ...
Construction Project Managment Techniquesguestc8140fe
The document provides an overview of project management and different project management techniques. It discusses what a project is and defines project management. It then summarizes different project management methods including critical path method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). CPM uses fixed time estimates while PERT allows for uncertainty in activity times. The document also outlines the basic steps for using CPM and PERT in project planning and management.
With the development of the urbanization, industrialization and populace, there has been a huge development in the rush hour gridlock. With development in the rush hour gridlock, there got a heap of issues with it as well, these issues incorporate congested roads, mishaps and movement govern infringement at the overwhelming activity signals. This thusly adversy affects the economy of the nation and in addition the loss of lives. Thus, Speed control is in the need of great importance because of the expanded rate of mishaps announced in our everyday life. The criminal traffic offense expanded due to over movement on streets. The reason is rapid of vehicles. The speed of the vehicles is past the normal speed confine is called speed infringement. In this paper diverse issues are confronted that are given in issue detailing. Every one of these issues are in future with the assistance of the fortification learning issue and advancement issue the changed neural system is contemplated with NN calculations forward Chaining back spread . Omesh Goyal | Chamkour Singh ""A Review on Traffic Signal Identification"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23557/a-review-on-traffic-signal-identification/omesh-goyal
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
This document discusses software project management and quality assurance. It defines project management as a systematic method of achieving goals with optimized use of resources like time, money, and personnel. Project management involves activities like planning, resource estimation, organizing work, assigning tasks, controlling execution, reporting progress, and analyzing results. The document then discusses software cost estimation methods like algorithmic models, expert judgment, analogy estimation, top-down estimation, bottom-up estimation, and the COCOMO model. It also explains project scheduling techniques like milestone charts, Gantt charts, and activity networks. Finally, it briefly discusses the role of mathematics in software development and debugging as a methodical process of finding and reducing bugs in a program.
A Comparative Analysis Of Various Methodologies Of Agile Project Management V...Brittany Allen
This document provides a comparative analysis of project management methodologies, specifically comparing the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and various agile project management approaches. It first describes the key processes and knowledge areas of PMBOK. It then outlines some popular agile methodologies like Scrum, Extreme Programming (XP), and Feature Driven Development (FDD). The document aims to identify similarities and differences between the traditional PMBOK framework and more flexible agile approaches.
The document discusses project planning measures in the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). It applies the Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach to identify measures for the three specific goals and fourteen specific practices of the Project Planning process area in CMMI. The paper defines questions and measures related to each specific practice by following the three steps of GQM: defining goals, generating quantifiable questions, and defining measures to answer the questions. The identified measures are intended to help evaluate and control software products and processes.
Computer information project planning is one of the most important activities in the modern software
development process. Without an objective and realistic plan of software project, the development of
software process cannot be managed effectively. This research will identify general measures for the
specific goals and its specific practices of Project Planning Process Area in Capability Maturity Model
Integration (CMMI). CMMI is developed in USA by Software Engineering Institute (SEI) in Carnegie
Mellon University. CMMI is a framework for assessment and improvement of computer information
systems. The procedure we used to determine the measures is to apply the Goal Questions Metrics (GQM)
approach to the three specific goals and its fourteen specific practices of Project Planning Process Area in
CMMI.
Planning and Optimization of Resource Constrained Project Scheduling by using...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on optimizing the scheduling of construction projects using a genetic algorithm approach. It discusses traditional project scheduling methods like critical path method that do not consider resource constraints. The study aims to develop a genetic algorithm model to minimize the duration of a residential building project given resource constraints. It describes conducting a questionnaire survey to identify critical delay factors. The genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the schedule obtained from Microsoft Project, reducing the duration from 185 days to 172 days. The genetic algorithm approach provides a more effective scheduling solution than traditional methods.
Integrated Project Management Measures in CMMIijcsit
Project management is quite important to execute projects effectively and efficiently. Project management
is vital to projects success. The main challenge of project management is to achieve all project goals,
taking into consideration time, scope, budget constraints, and quality. This paper will identify general
measures for the two specific goals and its ten specific practices of Integrated Project management Process
Area in Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). CMMI is a framework for improvement and
assessment of computer information systems. The method we used to define the measures is to apply the
Goal Questions Metrics (GQM) paradigm to the two specific goals and its ten specific practices of
Integrated Project management Process Area in CMMI.
Scheduling coordination and control of projects Somashekar S.M
This document discusses project scheduling techniques. It provides definitions of key scheduling concepts like activities, logical relationships, and network diagrams. The document traces the historical development of scheduling from basic Gantt charts to modern critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation review technique (PERT). It explains that CPM and PERT were developed in the 1950s and use activity networks to determine the critical path and project duration. The document also defines common network diagramming techniques like precedence diagramming method (PDM) and different activity relationships.
This document provides an overview of various tools used for educational management, including control charts, Gantt charts, critical path method (CPM), program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and planning programming budgeting system (PPBS). It describes each tool, how it is used, its process and benefits. Control charts are used to study process changes over time using a central line and upper and lower control limits. Gantt charts are used for project planning and guidance. CPM and PERT are used for project scheduling and identify critical paths. PPBS is a management tool for decision making and implementation using a program structure, documents, decision process and information system.
Planning is a guideline in implementing the project so that development can be
implemented in accordance with the time and cost planned. Control discrepancy
between initial plan and realization that exists in implementation project required a
project management, therefore required optimization analysis of project duration, so
it can be known how long a project is completed and look for the possibility of project
acceleration implementation by Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
and Critical Path Method (CPM) or critical path method. This research aims to apply
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Project Management
(CPM) methods to find optimize solutions and control the performance of time and
cost in project scheduling. The research method used case study method at hospital
project in Bogor District, Indonesia, by collecting data direct observation and
interview results at contractor. Based on these data, create a schedule by using PERT
and CPM methods, which will be measured performance of time performance and
project cost which is expected to overcome the problem of controlling and completion
of project. The results of this study, using PERT and CPM methods proved to optimize
the project. Based on calculation by PERT method reduce duration of work: 12 days
(13, 18%). Based on calculation by CPM method reduce duration of work: 31 days
(34, 06%) but direct cost increase 112.208,300, - rupiahs (0, 25%).
This document proposes a stakeholder-oriented design methodology for developing prognostic and health management (PHM) systems. It emphasizes capturing stakeholder expectations in detail by identifying stakeholders, capturing their expectations and requirements, and analyzing stakeholders and requirements. Two case studies are used to illustrate applying the methodology. The methodology aims to comprehensively address all aspects of designing PHM systems from a systems engineering perspective and ensure stakeholder involvement leads to precise design information.
Improving Effort Estimation in Agile Software Development ProjectsGedi Siuskus
A key principle in agile software development is to manage changing user needs at different phases of the software project development cycle. It splits the development into smaller iterations (sprints) to keep both developers and customers focused on one of them at the time. By planning and working on small consecutive iterations agile teams reduce uncertainty of changing user needs. However this approach has its drawbacks too. It becomes hard for agile team to plan and estimate the whole project in advance accurately as not much information is available. Therefore agile project planning turns into guesstimation of the effort required. It is based on available information about the system requirements and resources available. This paper proposes a method to improve the agile effort guesstimation by applying functional analysis to size user stories. A number of user stories from a media company are obtained to conduct the case study. The COSMIC method is used to size the user stories in functional points. Next those measurements are later applied to calculate the final project effort. The case study concludes that COSMIC user requirements sizing method can improve effort estimation and benefit agile teams in planning projects.
Keywords: agile, effort estimation, user story, function points, COSMIC.
Similar to The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual Study (20)
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the present paper, we have employed modified Khare-BEB method [Atoms, (2019)] to evaluate total ionization cross sections by the electron impact for ammonia in energy range from the ionization threshold to 10 MeV. The theoretical ionization cross sections have been compared to the available previous theoretical and experimental results. The collision parameters dipole matrix squared M_j^2 and CRP also have been calculated. The present calculations were found in remarkable agreement with the available experimental results.
A Case Study on Small Town Big Player – Enjay IT Solutions Ltd., BhiladDr. Amarjeet Singh
Adequately trained Manpower is a problem that affects the IT industry as a whole, but it is particularly acute for Enjay IT Solution. Enjay's location in a semi-urban or rural area makes it even more difficult to find a talented employee with the right skills. As the competition for skilled workers grows, it becomes more difficult to attract and keep those workers who have the requisite training and experience.
Effect of Biopesticide from the Stems of Gossypium Arboreum on Pink Bollworm ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Pink bollworm and Lepidoptera development quickly in numbers which is a typical animal group that produces around 100 youthful ones inside certain days or weeks. This assault influences the harvests broadly in the tropical and sub-tropical temperature areas. Thus, to keep up with the yield of harvests the vermin ought to be kept away by utilizing pesticides. The unnecessary measure of the purpose of pesticides influences the dirt, land, and as well as human well-being, and contaminates the climate. Thus, an ozone-accommodating biopesticide is extracted from the stems of the Gossypium arboreum. Thus, the extraction of biopesticide from the stems of Gossypium arboreum demonstrated that the quantity of pink bollworm and Lepidoptera is diminished step by step in the wake of showering the arrangement on the impacted region of the plant because of the presence of the gossypol.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document discusses the potential applications of artificial intelligence techniques in e-commerce in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to e-commerce and AI, and how AI is being used increasingly in e-commerce applications worldwide. It then reviews literature on how AI can be integrated into e-commerce systems and the various applications of AI in e-commerce. Some key applications discussed include AI assistants, personalized recommendations, demand forecasting, supply chain management, fraud detection and more. The document concludes that Saudi Arabia is well positioned to benefit from using AI to boost its growing e-commerce sector.
Factors Influencing Ownership Pattern and its Impact on Corporate Performance...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the factors influencing ownership patterns of selected Indian companies and the impact of ownership patterns on corporate performance. The study used data from 5 industries over 5 years from 2017 to 2021. Multiple regression, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were conducted. The results found that the percentage of independent directors on the board and the size of the company had a significant impact on Indian promoter holdings. Additionally, non-institutional ownership was found to have a significant impact on corporate performance measures like asset utilization ratio. The study concluded that ownership patterns can influence corporate performance and companies should work to optimize factors like debt-equity ratio and board independence to improve financial outcomes.
An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Au...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Financial Performance Analysis Selected Pr...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The growth of a country's banking sector has a significant impact on its economic development. The banking sector plays a critical role in determining a country's economic future. A well-planned, structured, efficient, and viable banking system is an essential component of an economy's economic and social infrastructure. In modern society, a strong banking system is required because it meets the financial needs of the modern society. In a country's economy, the banking system plays a crucial role. Because it connects surplus and deficit economic agents, the bank is the most important financial intermediary in the economy. The banking system is regarded as the economy's lifeline. It meets the financial needs of commerce, industry, and agriculture. As a result, the country's development and the banking system are intertwined. They are critical in the mobilisation of savings and the distribution of credit to various sectors of the economy. India's private sector banks play a critical role in the country's economic development. So The financial performance of private sector banks must be evaluated carefully.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
After the United States, China, and Japan, India was the world's fourth biggest consumer of oil and petroleum products. The nation is significantly reliant on crude oil imports, the majority of which come from the Middle East. The Indian oil and gas business is one of the country's six main sectors, with important forward links to the rest of the economy. More than two-thirds of the country's overall primary energy demands are met by the oil and gas industry. The industry has played a key role in placing India on the global map. India is now the world's sixth biggest crude oil user and ninth largest crude oil importer. In addition, the country's portion of the worldwide refining market is growing. India's refining industry is now the world's sixth biggest. With plans for Reliance Petroleum Limited to commission another refinery with a capacity of 29 MTPA next 16 to its 33 MTPA refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this position is projected to be enhanced. As a consequence, the Reliance refinery would be the biggest single-site refinery in the world. Based on secondary data gathered from CMIE, the current research examines the ratios influencing the profitability of selected oil exploration and production businesses in India during a 10-year period.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document discusses theoretical estimates for the costs of compressing and transporting CO2 from a hypothetical carbon capture and storage project at the Saline Joniche Power Plant in Italy. It first provides background on the power plant project from 2008 that proposed converting the site to coal power. It then details the methodology used to size the compression system, estimating power needs for multi-stage compression up to pipeline pressures. Costs are considered for constructing, operating, and maintaining both the compression plant and pipeline to a potential offshore storage site. The aim is to evaluate retrofitting the existing plant with carbon capture and storage as a way to enable continued coal power production consistent with climate goals.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
Solid waste is health hazard and cause damage to the environment due to improper handling. Solid waste comprises of Industrial Waste (IW), Hazardous Waste (HW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Electronic waste (E-waste), Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) which depend on their supply & characteristics. Food waste or Bio-waste composting and its role in sustainable development is explained in food waste is a growing area of concern with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When rotting food ends up in landfill it turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging to the environment. Composting is biochemical process in which organic materials are biologically degraded, resulting in the production of organic by products and energy in the form of heat. Heat is trapped within the composting mass, leading to the phenomenon of self-heating. This overall process provide us Bio-Manure.
Crypto-Currencies: Can Investors Rely on them as Investment Avenue?Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this study is to examine investors’ perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor’s perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
Awareness of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) among Student of the Catanduanes S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Island Province of Catanduanes is prone to all types of natural hazards that includes torrential and heavy rains, strong winds and surge, flooding and landslide or slope failures as a result of its geographical location and topography. RA 10121 mandates local DRRM bodies to “encourage community, specifically the youth, participation in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of youth programs and projects. The study aims to determine the awareness to disaster of the student of the Catanduanes State University. The disaster-based questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 636 students selected randomly from different Colleges and Laboratory Schools in the University
The Catanduanes State University students understood some disaster-related concepts and ideas, but uncertain on issues on preparedness, adaptation, and awareness on the risks inflicted by these natural hazards. Low perception on disaster risks are evidently observed among students. The responses of the students could be based on the efficiency and impact of the integration of DRR education in the senior high school curriculum. Specifically, integration of the concepts about the hazards, hazard maps, disaster preparedness, awareness, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, and resiliency in the science curriculum possibly affect the knowledge and understanding of students on DRR. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM.
The study further recommends that teachers and instructor must also be capacitated in handling disaster as they are the prime movers in the implementation of the DRRM in education. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM. Core subjects in Earth Sciences must be reinforced with geologic hazards. Learning competencies must also be focused on hazard identification and mapping, and coping with different geologic disaster.
The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
Haryana's Honour Killings: A Social and Legal Point of ViewDr. Amarjeet Singh
Life is unpredictably unpredictable. Nobody knows what will happen in the next minute of their lives. In this circumstance, every human being has the right and desire to conduct their lives according to their own desires. No one should be forced to live a life solely for the benefit and reputation of others. Honour killing is defined as the assassination of a person, whether male or female, who refuses to accept the family's arranged marriage or decides to move her or his marital life according to her or his wishes solely because it jeopardizes the family's honour. The family's supreme authority looks after the family's name but neglects to consider the love and affection shared among family members. I have discussed honour killing in India in my research work. This sort of murder occurs as a result of particular triggers, which are also examined in relation to the role of the law in honour killing. No one can be released free if they break the law, and in this case, it is a felony that violates various regulations designed to safeguard citizens. This crime is similar to many others, but it is distinct enough to be differentiated in the report. When the husband is of low social standing, it lowers the position and caste of the female family, prompting the male family members to murder the girl. But they forget that the girl is their kid and that while rank may be attained, a girl's life can never be replaced, and that caste is less valuable than the girl's life and love spent with them.
Optimization of Digital-Based MSME E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities i...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This document summarizes a research article about optimizing digital-based MSME e-commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article discusses how the pandemic severely impacted MSMEs, with many going out of business. However, digitalization and e-commerce provide opportunities for MSMEs to transform their business models. The article reviews literature showing how technologies like websites, social media, and mobile applications can help MSMEs reach more customers online. Case studies of MSMEs in different countries found that those utilizing digital tools through e-commerce were more successful compared to those relying only on offline sales. The article concludes digitalization is both a challenge and opportunity for MSMEs to adapt their traditional business models and survive or grow
Modal Space Controller for Hydraulically Driven Six Degree of Freedom Paralle...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the Modal space decoupled control for a hydraulically driven parallel mechanism has been presented. The approach is based on singular values decomposition to the properties of joint-space inverse mass matrix, and mapping of the control and feedback variables from the joint space to the decoupling modal space. The method transformed highly coupled six-input six-output dynamics into six independent single-input single-output (SISO) 1 DOF hydraulically driven mechanical systems. The novelty in this method is that the signals including control errors, control outputs and pressure feedbacks are transformed into decoupled modal space and also the proportional gains and dynamic pressure feedback are tuned in modal space. The results indicate that the conventional controller can only attenuate the resonance peaks of the lower eigenfrequencies of six rigid modes properly, and the peaking points of other relative higher eigenfrequencies are over damped, The further results show that it is very effective to design and tune the system in modal space and that the bandwidth increased substantially except surge (x) and sway (y) motions, each degree of freedom can be almost tuned independently and their bandwidths can be increased near to the undamped eigenfrequencies.
It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
A blockchain is a decentralised database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. The study primarily aims to explore how in the future, block chain technology will alter several areas of the Indian economy. The current study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology's idea and implementation in India, as well as the technology's potential as a disruptive financial technological innovation.
Secondary sources such as reports, journals, papers, and websites were used to compile all the data. Current and relevant information were utilised to help understand the research goals. All the information is rationally organised to fulfil the objectives. The current research focuses on recommendations for enhancing India's Blockchain ecosystem so that it may become one of the best in the world at utilising this new technology.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A Conceptual Study
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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The Automation of Critical Path Method using Machine Learning: A
Conceptual Study
Othman Aljumaili
Student, Department of Engineering Management, Istanbul Gedik University, TURKEY
Corresponding Author: othman.adnan.ibrahim@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This research aims to shed light on the use of
machine learning in improving, developing and automating
the critical path method, solving its problems, studying this
effect and its dimensions, and discussing that from many
aspects.
The research is divided into two theoretical and
practical parts. The theoretical part is concerned with
studying the critical path method and its advantages,
problems and challenges, as well as studying machine
learning and artificial intelligence and its dimensions,
reviewing materials and sources related to this, and then
presenting suggestions and future solutions based on this
study. As for the practical section, it is a questionnaire that
targeted a segment of engineers, in particular, and others
who have sufficient experience in both the critical path
method and machine learning, and seeking their opinions on
both topics.
The result of the theoretical research was 14
theories or proposals that were presented based on the
foregoing study. As for the practical questionnaire, a sample
of 127 was taken. Through statistical analysis, the results
were analyzed and discussed separately, and then a
conclusion was drawn regarding them.
Keywords— Critical Path Method, Machine Learning,
Artificial Intelligence
I. INTRODUCTION
Before starting to discuss the Critical path
method, it is important to understand the way project
management process, like planning, scheduling,
monitoring, and controlling along with corrective actions.
The main goals of any project are to finish a pre-known
amount of work under a fixed duration at a pre-estimated
cost to the desired quality. To attain these goals, project
planning, scheduling, monitoring, and controlling are
important. The three stages: planning, scheduling,
monitoring, and controlling are a cycle process [1]. There
are different project management methods and tools, that
can be used for every one of these stages according to the
type and the size of the project. For the planning stage,
there is a significant number of methods such as Critical
path Method (CPM), Bar Charts, Program Evaluation and
Review Techniques (PERT), Linear Scheduling Method
(LSM), Line of Balance (LOB), Work Study technique and
operation techniques [1]. The Critical Path Method is a
powerful tool for planning and management of all sorts of
projects. It offers an accurate mathematical policy for
planning, scheduling and control and permits evaluation
and comparison of substitute work programs, construction
methods and kinds of equipment through changing activity
durations individually, resources or bonds between
activities [1]. CPM is a quite important and effective tool
in the project management and hence, should be included
in the project management software packages. There are
different project management techniques based on critical
path method. They are needed at different stages of a
project. Despite the fact that machine learning is a branch
from computer science, it varies from classical
computational methods. In classical computing, algorithms
are collection of frankly codded directions employed by
computers for calculating or solving a problem. Machine
learning algorithms on the other hand, let computers train
using data inputs then analyze them statistically in order to
extract output values that are falling in a particular range.
Because of this, machine learning facilitates computers in
building models from sample data in order to automate
decision-making processes based on data inputs. Machine
learning is a continuously developing field. Because of
this, there are some considerations to be kept in mind as
working with machine learning methodologies, or analyze
the impact of machine learning processes [2]. Investing in
this field to solve different problems and challenges is the
new trend for researchers and scientists around the world.
II. METHODOLOGY
The goal of this research is to make the first step
and the first research that focuses the lights on the
investment in the capabilities and enhancements that ML
can contribute and make in the improvement journey of
CPM, and this was done by dividing the research into two
parts:
The first part is about collecting information
about the CPM through previous articles and
researches and also collect information about ML
and its capabilities and branches and try to make a
2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.3.38
238 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
combination of the two and summarize that into
practical and solid ideas and thoughts that can
possible be implemented in further researches and
discuss each of them separately.
The second part is a survey that is made for a
wide slice of engineers collecting information
about several aspects:
Engineers’ awareness of ML and its abilities.
The aspects that need to be reconsidered in
developing CPM.
Automation of CPM and what are the aspects
that are most needed to be automated than
others.
Is the automation in CPM really needed?
What other improvements that ML can
contribute in developing CPM?
The results after that would be analyzed and
discussed one by one.
III. CRITICAL PATH METHOD
The Critical Path Method (CPM) which was
introduced in 1956 has proven that it is an effective useful
tool for planning and controlling construction projects.
critical path method enables project managers to evaluate
the early and late starting and ending time of each activity,
and then being able to calculate the float (slack) time of the
activities if available, to define critical activities, and to
evaluate the impact of changing the durations and the
logical relations on the overall duration. the use of the
critical path method (CPM) in all industries including
construction in the last three decades has dramatically
increased because of its benefits and the huge
advancement that has been made in computer hardware
and scheduling software [3]. in construction projects, CPM
is a very important method because it helps the contractor
to determine and calculate when and how many resources
needed, also enables the vendors to estimate when they can
deliver materials, and the subcontractors to determine
when exactly they can start their work. though, the critical
path method has a lot of serious limitations that haven't yet
been overcome. The computing efficiency and the
analytical capabilities of the critical path method also need
to be enhanced in order to meet the changing requirements
of the construction industry [4]. Construction involves
unique environments, challenges, and project management
needs, which are not found in other industries. although the
industry includes many large companies, statistics indicate
that more than two-thirds of construction companies have
less than five employees [5]. The majority of these small
companies are specialist subcontractors working with a
general contractor. This type of companies experiences the
highest number of failures, as reported in a survey [6]. The
survey shown the factors that contribute in failure, such as
insufficient cash flow, underbidding, lack of experience in
estimating and monitoring costs, and external difficulties.
These factors, indicate a lack of efficient project
management, which is in part due to the drawbacks
associated with critical path method, particularly the lack
of direct mathematical formulation for satisfying project
constraints such as resource limits and deadlines. Despite
the many practical insights provided by commercial
software and professional organizations, for many
construction professionals, particularly small contractors
and trades, the use of critical path method and project
management tools does not go beyond creating a schedule
with a neat appearance in order to satisfy contract
requirements [7].
The critical path method (CPM) was developed in
the late Fifties by researchers at the E. I. Du Pont de
Nemours Company. When firstly developed, the
traditional form of Critical path method networks was
named as AOA or "activity on arrow" diagram, which
allows only Finish-to-Start relationship among the
activities. This means that activities cannot overlap and
that all preceding activities must be finished before a
current activity can start. With the start of the Precedence
Diagram Method (PDM), more flexibility in activity
relationships has been added while the schedule
calculations still use CPM analysis. In precedence
networks, an activity can be connected from either its start
or its finish, which besides the traditional Finish-to-Start
relationship, allows the use of three additional
relationships between project activities: Start-to-Start,
Finish-to-Finish, and Start-to-Finish. Another
characteristic of Precedence Diagram Method is that the
periods of time that can be assigned between the start
and(or) finish of one activity and the start and (or) finish of
a succeeding activity. These periods of time between the
activities are called leads and lags. A lead is the amount of
time by which an activity precedes the start of its
successor(s), while a lag is the amount of delay between
the completion of one task and the start of its successor.
Most of commercial software, like Primavera, Project
Planner and Microsoft Project permit the use of non-
traditional relationships with lags. Several surveys showed
that over the years, CPM use has been increasing in the
construction industry. [8] analyzed data from three surveys
done in 1974, 1990, and 2003 which investigated whether
Engineering News Record’s (ENR) top 400 contractors are
using CPM. The study revealed an increasing CPM use
that reached 98% of the respondents in 2003. By surveying
a mix of both large and small contractors, a recent survey
by [9] shown that it is not only the large ENR 400 firms
who use CPM to manage their projects, but also small and
mid-size construction companies. All the respondents
Saied that they used CPM scheduling some of the time at
least, with 45% reported that they used it all of the time
3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-3 (June 2021)
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239 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
and another 40% reported that they used CPM most of the
time. The primary uses of CPM were reported as planning
(before construction), control (during construction), and
claim analysis. The disadvantages of CPM were also
reported as implementation requiring excessive work, logic
abuse, too much specialist dependent, and lack of
responsiveness to the needs of field personnel. These
findings agree with the results of a survey [10]: CPM did
not gain the trust of the construction industry as a project
control tool. This is true because in spite of the reports by
contractors that they used CPM for project control, as in
[8] survey. They may find it useful for analyzing progress
status and updating activity data but not as beneficial
method in supporting other important aspects, such as
recovering execution problems and corrective actions.
IV. MACHINE LEARNING
Since their creation, human beings have been
using many different types of tools to accomplish various
tasks. The creativity of human’s brain led to the invention
of different machines. Those machines made the human
life much easier by enabling people to meet different life
needs, including constructions, travelling, computing and
industries. in spite of the rapid developments in the
machine industry, intelligence has remained the essential
difference between humans and machines in
accomplishing their tasks. human use his senses to collect
information from the surrounding environment; the human
brain works on analyzing that information and takes
suitable decisions based on that information. Machines, on
the other hand, are not intelligent by nature. A machine
does not have the ability for analyzing data and taking
decisions. For example, a machine is not expected to
understand the story of Sinbad, fall in love, or contact with
other machines through a common language. The era of
intelligent machines began in the mid-twentieth century
when Alan Turing thought about the possibility thinking
ability for machine. Since then, the artificial intelligence
(AI) branch of computer science has developed fast.
Humans have had the aspirations for creating machines
that have the same level of intelligence as humans. Many
science-fiction movies have expressed these dreams, such
as Artificial Intelligence; Her; I, Robot; The Terminator;
and Star Wars. The history of Artificial intelligence started
in 1943 when Waren McCulloch and Walter Pitts invented
the first neural network model [11]. in 1950, Alan Turing
introduced the next noticeable work in the development of
the AI when he asked his famous question [12]: ―can
machines think?‖ He introduced the B-type neural
networks and the concept of test of intelligence. In 1955,
Oliver Selfridge suggested the use of computers for pattern
recognition [13]. In 1956, Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy,
Nathan Rochester of IBM, with Claude Shannon organized
the first summer AI conference at Dartmouth College,
United States [14]. In the second conference, the term
―artificial intelligence‖ was used for the first time.
Cognitive science term was originated in 1956, during a
symposium about information science at the MIT [15]. in
1957, Rosenblatt invented the first perceptron. After that in
1959, John McCarthy invented the LISP programming
language [16]. In 1962, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
proposed using neural networks for the computer vision.
Joseph Weizenbaum developed ―Eliza‖ the first expert
system that could diagnose a disease through its symptoms
[17]. The National Research Council (NRC) of USA
created the Automatic Language Processing Advisory
Committee (ALPAC) in 1964 to expand the research in the
natural language processing. But after many years, the
research was terminated because of the low progress and
high expenses. The book Perceptrons written by Marvin
Minsky and Seymour Papert was published in 1969 [18],
which was talking about the limitations of neural networks
Resulted in stopping organizations’ funding for research
on neural networks. The period from 1969 to 1979
witnessed an increase in the research of knowledge-based
systems. The programs Dendral and Mycin are examples
of this research. In 1979, Paul J. Werbos suggested the first
effective model for neural network with backpropagation
[19]. In 1986 Geoffrey Hinton, Ronald Williams, and
David Rumelhart discovered a method that allows a
network to learn how to distinguish between nonlinear
separable classes, and they gave it the name
backpropagation [20]. In 1986, Terrence Sejnowski and
Charles Rosenberg developed a speech recognition
artificial neural network called ―NETTalk‖. In 1987,
Arthur W. Burks and John H. Holland created an adapted
computing system that has the learning capability. In 1989,
Dean Pomerleau proposed a three-layered neural network
named ALVINN (autonomous land vehicle in a neural
network), designed for road following. In the year 1997,
Garry Kasparov the world chess champion was defeated
by the Deep Blue chess machine which was designed by
IBM. In 2011, a computer developed by IBM named
Watson defeated Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, the
champions of the television game show Jeopardy!
The period from 1997 till nowadays witnessed and
witnessing rapid developments in natural language
processing, reinforcement learning, computer vision,
computer hearing, emotional understanding, image
processing, pattern recognition, cognitive computing,
knowledge representation, and so on. These trends aim to
provide machines that have the ability of gathering data
through senses similar to the human senses and then
processing them using machine learning methods and the
computational intelligence tools to make predictions and
decisions at the same level as humans. The term machine
learning means enabling machines to learn without
4. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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programming them exactly. Generally, there are six
machine learning methods:
Supervised learning.
Unsupervised learning.
Semi-supervised learning.
Reinforcement learning.
Deep learning.
Deep reinforced learning.
V. CONCLUSION
After a detailed study of both the critical path
method and the machine learning technique, and a review
of their sources, previous studies and expert opinions,
some theoretical proposals that could be achieved in the
future were made regarding the use of machine learning to
improve and develop the critical path method based on the
capabilities that this technology possesses, which are as
follows:
1. Using machine learning for the auto-estimation of
projects period.
2. Using machine learning for the auto-suggestion of any
substitutes.
3. Using machine learning for the auto-detection of the
critical path.
4. Using machine learning for the auto-suggestion for
different scenarios.
5. Using machine learning to auto-suggest different and
best crashes or fast tracking have to be made.
6. Solve resources limitation by processing both
resources and project duration and tasks at the same
time.
7. Use the clustering technique for the auto-sorting of
tasks, after that decision tree can be helpful for the
arrangement of the tasks based on their features.
8. Feeding deep learning with many different
modifications suggested for the improvement of CPM
and try to conclude the best model of them:
theoretically this can be efficient method.
9. Using machine learning for the auto weather-
prediction and making pre-alarms.
10. Auto-check and alarm in case any problem is made
while programing the CPM.
11. Logical abuse solving.
12. Reduce specialist’s dependency.
13. Simplifying implementing CPM.
14. Restricting projects deadlines.
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