This document discusses the hazards of immobility. It defines immobility as the inability to move, which can affect a specific body part, the lower body, or the entire body from the neck down. The document then examines how immobility negatively impacts eight body systems: musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, urinary, gastrointestinal, integumentary, and psychoneurologic. Key effects of immobility include disuse osteoporosis, diminished cardiac reserve, decreased respiratory movement, negative nitrogen balance, urinary stasis, constipation, reduced skin turgor, and decreased self-esteem.

1. Hazards Of Immobility
By
Mr. M. Shivanandha Reddy

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Immobility- Definition
Immobility
Incapable of movement
o May involve a specific part of the body due to
injury
o May involve lower part of body (paraplegia)
o May involve one side of body (hemiplegia)
o Or may involve entire body from the neck down
(quadriplegia)

3. Effects of immobility…..
Immobility affects the following body systems
• Musculoskeletal System
• Cardiovascular System
• Respiratory System
• Metabolic System
• Urinary System
• Gastrointestinal System
• Integumentary System
• Psycho neurologic System 3

4. Musculoskeletal systemMusculoskeletal system
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Musculoskeletal systemMusculoskeletal system
Disuse osteoporosis
Disuse Atrophy
Contractures
Stiffness and Arthralgia

6. MusculoskeletalMusculoskeletal SystemSystem
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7. Musculoskeletal System
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8. Musculoskeletal System
Contractures
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9. Cardiovascular system
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10. Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System
Diminished Cardiac Reserve
Increased Use Of Valsalva Maneuver
Orthostatic Hypotension
Thrombus Formation
Venous Vaso Dilation And Stasis
Dependent Edema
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Thrombus formation

12. Respiratory System
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13. Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Decreased respiratory movement
Pooling of respiratory secretions
Hypostatic pneumonia
Atelectasis
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14. Respiratory systemRespiratory system
Atelectasis
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15. Metabolic SystemMetabolic System
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16. Metabolic systemMetabolic system
Decreased Metabolic Rate.
Negative Nitrogen Balance.
Anorexia
Negative Calcium Balance.
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17. Urinary SystemUrinary System
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18. Urinary SystemUrinary System
Urinary stasis
Renal calculi.
Urinary retention.
Urinary infection.
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19. Urinary systemUrinary system
Renal Calculi
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20. Gastrointestinal SystemGastrointestinal System
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21. Gastrointestinal SystemGastrointestinal System
Constipation
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22. Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
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23. Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
Reduced Skin Turgor
Skin Breakdown / Bed Sores / Pressure
Ulcers
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24. Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
Skin turgor
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25. Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
Skin breakdown
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26. Psycho neurologic SystemPsycho neurologic System
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27. Psycho neurologic SystemPsycho neurologic System
Decreased self esteem
Loss of control over events
Depression
Anxiety
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28. Psycho neurologic SystemPsycho neurologic System
Depression
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