2. +
Hot Applications:
Hot application is the application of a heat/hot agents,
warmer then skin either in a moist or dry form on the
surface of the body.
Purposes of Hot applications:
1. To relive pain and congestion.
2. To provide warmth.
3. To provide suppuration.
4. To promote healing.
5. To decrease muscle tone.
6. To soften the exudates.
3. Cold Application:
Cold application is the application of a cold agent cooler than
skin either in a moist or dry form, on the surface of the skin.
Purposes of cold applications:
1. To reduce pain and body temperature.
2. To anaesthetize an area.
3. To control hemorrhage.
4. To control the growth of bacteria.
5. To prevent gangrene.
6. To prevent edema and
7. To reduce inflammation.
4. Classification of temperature:
Sl.no Temperature Fahrenheit
1. Very cold 32-55degree F
2. Cold 55-65degreeF
3. Cool 65-80 degree F
4. Neutral 80-92 degree F
5. Warm 92-98 degree F
6. Hot 98-104 degree F
7. Very Hot 104 degree F
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21. Factors affecting heat and cold tolerance:
Body part
Duration of application
Area of body exposed
Damage to body surface area.
Individual tolerance.
Neurosensory impairment
Age.
22. Scientific Principles:
1. Water is a good conductor of heat.
2. Air is a poor conductor of heat.
3. The flow of heat is from the hotter area to the less hot
area.
4. Prolonged exposer to moisture increases the skins
susceptibility to maceration and skin breakdown,
reducing the protection of the intact skin.
5. Moisture left on the skin causes rapid cooling due to
evaporation of the moisture.
23. Cont…
6. Presence of steam increases the temperature of the hot
application.
7. Oil acts as insulator and delays the transmission of heat.
8. Woolen absorbs moisture slowly, but hold moisture
longer and cool off less quickly than the cotton
materials.
9. The temperature tolerance varies with individual and
according to the site and area covered.
10. Friction produce heat.
