1. Describe various types of groups and teams in organisations.
2. Summarise the stages of group development and key roles members occupy within a work group.
3. Pinpoint several potential problems with group effort and know how to prevent them.
Bruce Tuckman developed a 5 stage model of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. The model describes how groups change and develop tasks over time. At each stage, the document outlines typical group behaviors and the role of the trainer in facilitating the group's progression through the stages.
Groups form and develop through various processes. They experience stages of formation including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are classified as formal or informal, and formal groups include command, task, and functional groups. Group structure includes considerations like size, roles, norms, and cohesiveness. Understanding group dynamics is important for organizational effectiveness.
This document summarizes key concepts about groups and teams. It defines a group as individuals who come together to achieve common objectives, notes that groups can be formal or informal, and describes stages of group formation including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Teams are defined as smaller than groups and having complementary skills committed to a common purpose. The document discusses factors that influence groups like roles, norms, status, size, cohesiveness, and diversity. It also covers types of teams and their composition. In conclusion, while teams are more organized and effective, groups still have value in organizations by fulfilling social needs and creating a less stressful environment.
Stages of group development in social group work by Md HabeebShaikh Farooqui
The document describes a five-stage group development model:
1) Forming - Members learn about each other and the task. Problems can include unclear objectives and low morale.
2) Storming - Members engage in arguments about structure and struggle for status. Problems include lack of cohesion and anger.
3) Norming - Relationships become close and cohesive. Problems can include fear of disbanding and resistance to change.
4) Performance - The team reaches an optimal level of performance. Problems include becoming too social and losing focus on tasks.
5) Adjourning - Members disband after tasks are finished. Problems include feeling depressed over lost friendships.
The document discusses Bruce Tuckman's model of team development, which identifies 5 stages that teams generally progress through: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. In the Forming stage, team members are cautious and focus on getting to know each other and their goals. Storming involves conflicts as roles and tasks are debated. Norming occurs as the team establishes cohesion, roles, and commitments. In Performing, the team works well together and is highly productive. Finally, Adjourning happens when the team disbands after completing its task.
This document discusses group behavior and development. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent to achieve objectives. It classifies groups into formal, informal, command, task, interest, and friendship groups. It lists reasons people join groups such as security, status, self-esteem, affiliation, support, power, and goal achievement. It outlines a five-stage model of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages.
Bruce Tuckman developed a 5 stage model of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. The model describes how groups change and develop tasks over time. At each stage, the document outlines typical group behaviors and the role of the trainer in facilitating the group's progression through the stages.
Groups form and develop through various processes. They experience stages of formation including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are classified as formal or informal, and formal groups include command, task, and functional groups. Group structure includes considerations like size, roles, norms, and cohesiveness. Understanding group dynamics is important for organizational effectiveness.
This document summarizes key concepts about groups and teams. It defines a group as individuals who come together to achieve common objectives, notes that groups can be formal or informal, and describes stages of group formation including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Teams are defined as smaller than groups and having complementary skills committed to a common purpose. The document discusses factors that influence groups like roles, norms, status, size, cohesiveness, and diversity. It also covers types of teams and their composition. In conclusion, while teams are more organized and effective, groups still have value in organizations by fulfilling social needs and creating a less stressful environment.
Stages of group development in social group work by Md HabeebShaikh Farooqui
The document describes a five-stage group development model:
1) Forming - Members learn about each other and the task. Problems can include unclear objectives and low morale.
2) Storming - Members engage in arguments about structure and struggle for status. Problems include lack of cohesion and anger.
3) Norming - Relationships become close and cohesive. Problems can include fear of disbanding and resistance to change.
4) Performance - The team reaches an optimal level of performance. Problems include becoming too social and losing focus on tasks.
5) Adjourning - Members disband after tasks are finished. Problems include feeling depressed over lost friendships.
The document discusses Bruce Tuckman's model of team development, which identifies 5 stages that teams generally progress through: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. In the Forming stage, team members are cautious and focus on getting to know each other and their goals. Storming involves conflicts as roles and tasks are debated. Norming occurs as the team establishes cohesion, roles, and commitments. In Performing, the team works well together and is highly productive. Finally, Adjourning happens when the team disbands after completing its task.
This document discusses group behavior and development. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent to achieve objectives. It classifies groups into formal, informal, command, task, interest, and friendship groups. It lists reasons people join groups such as security, status, self-esteem, affiliation, support, power, and goal achievement. It outlines a five-stage model of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages.
5 stages of group development, norms (tuckman)perspectum
This document summarizes Tuckman's five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It provides details about each stage, including characteristics such as uncertainty in forming, inner conflict in storming, establishment of norms in norming, productivity in performing, and separation feelings in adjourning. The stages describe the typical progression of how groups develop and work together over time.
The MTL Professional Development Programme is a collection of 202 PowerPoint presentations that will provide you with step-by-step summaries of a key management or personal development skill. This presentation is on "Team Development" and will show you how teams can develop over time to be uniquely successful.
Small Group Communication in Health Care discusses key components of small group dynamics including goals, norms, cohesiveness, leader behavior, and member behavior. Effective small groups have clearly defined, realistic goals. Norms refer to the explicit and implicit rules that group members follow. Highly cohesive groups where members feel a sense of belonging can be beneficial if the goals are clear. The leader's role is to influence members to achieve mutual goals through either a linear or transactional style. Member roles include task roles like initiating ideas as well as relationship building roles.
In organizational development(OD), group dynamics or group process‖ refers to the understanding of the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups, that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision.
Group dynamics refers to the interactions that take place among members of a group. There are three views on the nature of group dynamics: normative, techniques-based, and internal processes. Groups form through propinquity, similar attitudes, and reward-cost equations. Formal groups are formed by organizations while informal groups emerge among employees. Highly cohesive groups can positively or negatively influence performance. Groups develop through forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages. Group structure and processes shape member behavior and performance.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to communicating in groups and teams. It defines groups and teams, discusses types of groups like primary groups, problem-solving groups, and social groups. It also covers group dynamics such as roles, rules, norms, status, power, and cohesiveness. The document outlines the phases of group development from orientation to emergence. It concludes by discussing adapting communication to diversity within groups related to individualism vs collectivism, use of time, and personal space.
What problems might surface in teams at each stage in the five-stage group de...Syaff Hk
Teams may face different problems at each stage of group development according to the five-stage model. In the forming stage, problems could include unclear objectives and uncommitted members. The storming stage may involve conflicts over control and lack of cohesion. Norming issues could be resistance to change and avoiding risks. Performance problems could be complacency or excessive focus on tasks. Adjourning may cause depression over lost relationships. Managing the problems requires clarifying goals, roles, and rules in early stages and celebrating successes in later stages.
Small group communication is defined as communication between 3 to 15 members who freely communicate with each other and share common goals and purposes. The key features of small groups include their size, members, tasks, and norms. There are also primary types of small groups such as social groups, self-help groups, learning groups, service groups, public groups, work groups, and virtual groups. Small group communication can involve different types of talk centered around tasks, roles, identity, and interpersonal exchanges.
Group dynamics refers to the attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of a group. A group is defined as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups form through various stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. There are both formal and informal groups. Formal groups are designated work groups within an organization while informal groups form in response to social needs. When making decisions as a group, individuals may shift their positions towards a more extreme risk level than their original individual decision due to factors like diffused responsibility and social status within the group.
FOR POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Stage 1: FORMING
• GROUP MEMBERS LOOK TO THE LEADER FOR DIRECTION.
• MEMBERS HAVE A DESIRE FOR ACCEPTANCE BY THE GROUP AND FITTING IN.
• MEMBERS ARE SIZING EACH OTHER UP – CHECKING OUT PERSONALITIES AND TALENTS OF OTHER MEMBERS.
• MEMBERS FOCUS THEIR DISCUSSION ON THE TASK AT HAND, NOT WORRYING ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS.
• FEELINGS GOING THROUGH MEMBERS INCLUDE INSECURITY, NERVOUSNESS. THEY ARE ASKING THEMSELVES “Do I belong?”, “Will I be accepted by the group?”
Stage 2: Storming
• THIS STAGE IS CHARACTERIZED BY TENSION, COMPETITION, AND CONFLICT AMONG GROUP MEMBERS.
• QUESTIONS ARISE ABOUT WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT AND WHAT THE RULES ARE.
• SOME MEMBERS MAY REMAIN SILENT WHILE OTHERS ATTEMPT TO DOMINATE.
• SOME MEMBERS QUESTION AUTHORITY AND COMPETENCY OF THE GROUP LEADER
• THE GROUP LEADER HAS TO RAISE THE CONFLICT ISSUE AND DEAL WITH IT.
Stage 3: Norming
• LEADERSHIP IS SHARED AND CLIQUES DISSOLVED.
• CONFLICTS ARE RESOLVED AND THERE IS A STRONGER SENSE OF BELONGING TO THE GROUP.
• CREATIVITY IS HIGH.
• PEOPLE KNOW WHERE THEY FIT IN AND WHAT IS EXPECTED OF THEM.
Stage 4: Performing
• NOW THE GROUP IS IN HIGH GEAR AND HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE. THE NEED FOR GROUP APPROVAL IS PAST.
• GROUP MEMBERS CAN NOW FOCUS ON THE TASK AND CARE FOR OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GROUP.
• GROUP IDENTITY IS COMPLETE, GROUP MORALE IS HIGH, AND GROUP LOYALTY IS INTENSE.
Stage 5: RE-FORMING
• THIS STAGE OCCURS WHEN THE TASKS ARE COMPLETED AND THERE NO LONGER IS A NEED FOR THE GROUP TO EXIST.
• THIS STAGE INCLUDES RECOGNITION FOR PARTICIPATION (AWARDS) AND AN OPPORTUNITY FOR GROUP MEMBERS TO SAY GOOD BYE. (CLOSURE)
• WITH THE DISSOLVING OF THE GROUP, NEW LEADERS ARE NEEDED TO TAKE ON THE NEW TASKS, SO A NEW GROUP FORMS.
This document discusses group dynamics and defines it as the interactions and forces between members of a group. It provides definitions of key terms like group, dynamics, formal and informal groups. It also outlines the different types of groups like formal, informal, primary, secondary, task and reference groups. It discusses the stages of group development from forming to adjourning. Finally, it highlights some important factors in group dynamics like prestige, information sharing, pressure for change, and group attractiveness.
http://lifestoogood.net
A practical overview of the Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing model of team development. This is also the first presentation in a new Business Models section of the Life's Too Good website.
The document discusses the concepts of group dynamics including what is a group, types of groups, reasons for joining groups, group structure, stages of group formation, and principles of group dynamics. It provides definitions for key terms like group and dynamics. It also outlines Kurt Lewin's founding of group dynamics to study how groups interact and communicate. The summary covers the main topics and purpose of studying group dynamics.
This document discusses group dynamics and characteristics of groups. It defines groups as having 2 or more persons, a formal social structure, common goals and fate, face-to-face interaction, and interdependence. It also outlines the typical stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Additionally, it describes different types of groups like command groups, task groups, functional groups, interest groups, and friendship groups. Finally, it lists eight characteristics of effective team building: clear expectations, commitment, competence, control, collaboration, communication, creativity, and coordination.
This document discusses groups and teams in organizations. It defines groups as collections of individuals who interact to accomplish goals, while teams are groups working together to achieve common objectives. The document outlines different types of groups like formal vs informal and cross-functional vs self-managed teams. It also discusses factors that impact group dynamics and performance such as size, task interdependence, roles, leadership, and cohesiveness. Highly cohesive groups tend to have greater member satisfaction and productivity but can risk conformity over performance.
The document provides a lesson plan on group dynamics for nursing students. It includes general information about the lesson such as the teacher, topic, date, and objectives. The objectives are to introduce and define group dynamics, identify characteristics of groups, classify types of groups, list stages of group dynamics, and discuss functions of groups. The content section explains these topics in detail over several pages, including definitions, characteristics, types of groups like command, task, and functional groups, and stages of group dynamics like forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Teaching methods include lecture, discussion, and use of visual aids.
This presentation defines what a groups is, what group dynamics is, stages of group formation, types of groups, why groups are formed, good and bad practices in groups.
Group dynamics refers to the behaviors and psychological processes within and between social groups. It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision making, productivity, interaction, cohesiveness and communication. Group dynamics contains the interaction of forces among group members. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are more than the sum of their parts and are influenced by leadership, deference to authority, and roles of group members. Groups shape individuals and society.
The document discusses group dynamics and development. It describes the stages a group goes through, including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It also discusses factors that influence group cohesion and performance such as group composition, size, norms, and cohesiveness. Highly cohesive groups with clear communication tend to be more productive and effective than groups with low cohesion or ambiguous goals.
5 stages of group development, norms (tuckman)perspectum
This document summarizes Tuckman's five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It provides details about each stage, including characteristics such as uncertainty in forming, inner conflict in storming, establishment of norms in norming, productivity in performing, and separation feelings in adjourning. The stages describe the typical progression of how groups develop and work together over time.
The MTL Professional Development Programme is a collection of 202 PowerPoint presentations that will provide you with step-by-step summaries of a key management or personal development skill. This presentation is on "Team Development" and will show you how teams can develop over time to be uniquely successful.
Small Group Communication in Health Care discusses key components of small group dynamics including goals, norms, cohesiveness, leader behavior, and member behavior. Effective small groups have clearly defined, realistic goals. Norms refer to the explicit and implicit rules that group members follow. Highly cohesive groups where members feel a sense of belonging can be beneficial if the goals are clear. The leader's role is to influence members to achieve mutual goals through either a linear or transactional style. Member roles include task roles like initiating ideas as well as relationship building roles.
In organizational development(OD), group dynamics or group process‖ refers to the understanding of the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups, that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision.
Group dynamics refers to the interactions that take place among members of a group. There are three views on the nature of group dynamics: normative, techniques-based, and internal processes. Groups form through propinquity, similar attitudes, and reward-cost equations. Formal groups are formed by organizations while informal groups emerge among employees. Highly cohesive groups can positively or negatively influence performance. Groups develop through forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages. Group structure and processes shape member behavior and performance.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to communicating in groups and teams. It defines groups and teams, discusses types of groups like primary groups, problem-solving groups, and social groups. It also covers group dynamics such as roles, rules, norms, status, power, and cohesiveness. The document outlines the phases of group development from orientation to emergence. It concludes by discussing adapting communication to diversity within groups related to individualism vs collectivism, use of time, and personal space.
What problems might surface in teams at each stage in the five-stage group de...Syaff Hk
Teams may face different problems at each stage of group development according to the five-stage model. In the forming stage, problems could include unclear objectives and uncommitted members. The storming stage may involve conflicts over control and lack of cohesion. Norming issues could be resistance to change and avoiding risks. Performance problems could be complacency or excessive focus on tasks. Adjourning may cause depression over lost relationships. Managing the problems requires clarifying goals, roles, and rules in early stages and celebrating successes in later stages.
Small group communication is defined as communication between 3 to 15 members who freely communicate with each other and share common goals and purposes. The key features of small groups include their size, members, tasks, and norms. There are also primary types of small groups such as social groups, self-help groups, learning groups, service groups, public groups, work groups, and virtual groups. Small group communication can involve different types of talk centered around tasks, roles, identity, and interpersonal exchanges.
Group dynamics refers to the attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of a group. A group is defined as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups form through various stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. There are both formal and informal groups. Formal groups are designated work groups within an organization while informal groups form in response to social needs. When making decisions as a group, individuals may shift their positions towards a more extreme risk level than their original individual decision due to factors like diffused responsibility and social status within the group.
FOR POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Stage 1: FORMING
• GROUP MEMBERS LOOK TO THE LEADER FOR DIRECTION.
• MEMBERS HAVE A DESIRE FOR ACCEPTANCE BY THE GROUP AND FITTING IN.
• MEMBERS ARE SIZING EACH OTHER UP – CHECKING OUT PERSONALITIES AND TALENTS OF OTHER MEMBERS.
• MEMBERS FOCUS THEIR DISCUSSION ON THE TASK AT HAND, NOT WORRYING ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS.
• FEELINGS GOING THROUGH MEMBERS INCLUDE INSECURITY, NERVOUSNESS. THEY ARE ASKING THEMSELVES “Do I belong?”, “Will I be accepted by the group?”
Stage 2: Storming
• THIS STAGE IS CHARACTERIZED BY TENSION, COMPETITION, AND CONFLICT AMONG GROUP MEMBERS.
• QUESTIONS ARISE ABOUT WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT AND WHAT THE RULES ARE.
• SOME MEMBERS MAY REMAIN SILENT WHILE OTHERS ATTEMPT TO DOMINATE.
• SOME MEMBERS QUESTION AUTHORITY AND COMPETENCY OF THE GROUP LEADER
• THE GROUP LEADER HAS TO RAISE THE CONFLICT ISSUE AND DEAL WITH IT.
Stage 3: Norming
• LEADERSHIP IS SHARED AND CLIQUES DISSOLVED.
• CONFLICTS ARE RESOLVED AND THERE IS A STRONGER SENSE OF BELONGING TO THE GROUP.
• CREATIVITY IS HIGH.
• PEOPLE KNOW WHERE THEY FIT IN AND WHAT IS EXPECTED OF THEM.
Stage 4: Performing
• NOW THE GROUP IS IN HIGH GEAR AND HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE. THE NEED FOR GROUP APPROVAL IS PAST.
• GROUP MEMBERS CAN NOW FOCUS ON THE TASK AND CARE FOR OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GROUP.
• GROUP IDENTITY IS COMPLETE, GROUP MORALE IS HIGH, AND GROUP LOYALTY IS INTENSE.
Stage 5: RE-FORMING
• THIS STAGE OCCURS WHEN THE TASKS ARE COMPLETED AND THERE NO LONGER IS A NEED FOR THE GROUP TO EXIST.
• THIS STAGE INCLUDES RECOGNITION FOR PARTICIPATION (AWARDS) AND AN OPPORTUNITY FOR GROUP MEMBERS TO SAY GOOD BYE. (CLOSURE)
• WITH THE DISSOLVING OF THE GROUP, NEW LEADERS ARE NEEDED TO TAKE ON THE NEW TASKS, SO A NEW GROUP FORMS.
This document discusses group dynamics and defines it as the interactions and forces between members of a group. It provides definitions of key terms like group, dynamics, formal and informal groups. It also outlines the different types of groups like formal, informal, primary, secondary, task and reference groups. It discusses the stages of group development from forming to adjourning. Finally, it highlights some important factors in group dynamics like prestige, information sharing, pressure for change, and group attractiveness.
http://lifestoogood.net
A practical overview of the Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing model of team development. This is also the first presentation in a new Business Models section of the Life's Too Good website.
The document discusses the concepts of group dynamics including what is a group, types of groups, reasons for joining groups, group structure, stages of group formation, and principles of group dynamics. It provides definitions for key terms like group and dynamics. It also outlines Kurt Lewin's founding of group dynamics to study how groups interact and communicate. The summary covers the main topics and purpose of studying group dynamics.
This document discusses group dynamics and characteristics of groups. It defines groups as having 2 or more persons, a formal social structure, common goals and fate, face-to-face interaction, and interdependence. It also outlines the typical stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Additionally, it describes different types of groups like command groups, task groups, functional groups, interest groups, and friendship groups. Finally, it lists eight characteristics of effective team building: clear expectations, commitment, competence, control, collaboration, communication, creativity, and coordination.
This document discusses groups and teams in organizations. It defines groups as collections of individuals who interact to accomplish goals, while teams are groups working together to achieve common objectives. The document outlines different types of groups like formal vs informal and cross-functional vs self-managed teams. It also discusses factors that impact group dynamics and performance such as size, task interdependence, roles, leadership, and cohesiveness. Highly cohesive groups tend to have greater member satisfaction and productivity but can risk conformity over performance.
The document provides a lesson plan on group dynamics for nursing students. It includes general information about the lesson such as the teacher, topic, date, and objectives. The objectives are to introduce and define group dynamics, identify characteristics of groups, classify types of groups, list stages of group dynamics, and discuss functions of groups. The content section explains these topics in detail over several pages, including definitions, characteristics, types of groups like command, task, and functional groups, and stages of group dynamics like forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Teaching methods include lecture, discussion, and use of visual aids.
This presentation defines what a groups is, what group dynamics is, stages of group formation, types of groups, why groups are formed, good and bad practices in groups.
Group dynamics refers to the behaviors and psychological processes within and between social groups. It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision making, productivity, interaction, cohesiveness and communication. Group dynamics contains the interaction of forces among group members. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are more than the sum of their parts and are influenced by leadership, deference to authority, and roles of group members. Groups shape individuals and society.
The document discusses group dynamics and development. It describes the stages a group goes through, including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It also discusses factors that influence group cohesion and performance such as group composition, size, norms, and cohesiveness. Highly cohesive groups with clear communication tend to be more productive and effective than groups with low cohesion or ambiguous goals.
Group dynamics refers to the attitudes and behaviors of groups. A group is defined as two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent to achieve common objectives. Key characteristics of groups include interacting with one another, sharing a common ideology or goals, and seeing themselves as a group. Group dynamics concern how groups form and function. There are formal groups designated by an organization and informal groups that form naturally. Groups go through stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Group dynamics is relevant to understanding decision making and risk taking within organizations.
The document discusses group dynamics and the group development process. It describes how groups form and the stages of development, including initially coming together, forming subgroups, focusing on tasks, and fully functioning as a cohesive unit. Effective group facilitation is also discussed, including understanding group dynamics by diagnosing issues, being self-aware, and knowing how to facilitate the group process. Key aspects that can affect group functioning are participation, communication, problem-solving, and leadership.
This document discusses group dynamics and the stages of group development. It defines what a group is and lists the key characteristics. It explains that group dynamics concern how groups form, their structure and processes, and how they function. It then describes the five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. For each stage it provides details about the characteristics and the role of the leader. The document also differentiates between formal and informal groups and discusses the role of the nurse manager in group dynamics.
The document discusses various topics related to groups and teams, including:
- Defining groups as two or more individuals interacting to achieve objectives.
- Classifying groups as formal, informal, task, interest, and friendship groups.
- The five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
- Factors that influence group effectiveness such as tasks, structure, composition, and processes.
- Techniques for group decision making including brainstorming, nominal group technique, and Delphi technique.
- Distinguishing characteristics of work groups and work teams.
- Different types of teams like problem-solving, self-managed, cross-functional,
Group dynamics is the study of how groups work and the behaviors of individuals within groups. Tuckman's model outlines 5 stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups can be either formal, established by an organization, or informal, formed naturally based on shared interests. Group structure refers to the relationships within a group and can be described by factors like size, roles, norms, and cohesiveness.
Group can be defined as two or more individuals who interact and share a common identity. A group has a formal social structure and interdependence among its members. Group dynamics is the study of how groups interact and function. It considers both formally structured and informal groups. Understanding group dynamics is important as it improves communication, develops leadership skills, and allows members to accomplish shared goals through cooperation. There are various roles that group members take on, including task roles like initiating ideas or seeking information, and maintenance roles like encouraging others or resolving disagreements. Group dynamics applies to workgroups, therapy, and virtual communities.
This document summarizes groups and teams, outlining key differences and the stages of group development. It defines groups as having shared goals but individual accountability, while teams have complementary skills, common missions, and mutual accountability. The stages of group development are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning, with storming involving tensions as roles are negotiated and norming establishing group norms and roles. The document provides details on the characteristics and tasks involved at each stage.
The document describes a group activity where astronauts have landed on the moon but are lost. They must prioritize 11 survival items as a group. It discusses the activity process and observers' roles. It then covers group dynamics concepts like stages of group formation, characteristics of effective groups, and teacher strategies for managing student groups. Key points are forming shared goals, developing trust and openness, participative leadership, and ensuring equal participation to maintain positive group dynamics.
Group dynamic leadership and managementअर्पणा भुसाल
The document discusses group dynamics, defining it as the forces operating within groups and the dynamic interaction between individuals in groups. It outlines the key characteristics of groups, including interaction between members, mutual awareness, belongingness, common goals, and norms. The document also examines the advantages of groups, the process of group formation according to Tuckman's model, and different types of formal and informal groups.
The document discusses Emanuel Tropp's developmental approach to social work with groups. The developmental approach sees individuals as having potential to continually develop and improve their social functioning. It focuses on tapping into people's unused potential. The approach has three major themes: seeing people humanistically, focusing on their current behaviors, and viewing development as a lifelong process. Key aspects include emphasizing common goals and processes, members achieving individual growth through group experiences, and viewing groups as going through beginning, middle, and ending stages with the worker's role changing over time.
The document discusses groups and group dynamics. It defines groups as consisting of two or more people who see themselves as members working toward shared goals and interacting with one another. Group dynamics refers to the forces that emerge within a group as a result of member interaction and how this impacts the group's productivity and decision-making. High group cohesiveness and norms can increase productivity, while an absence of norms despite cohesiveness may decrease it. The stages of group development are also outlined.
Chapter 6Stages of GroupsDifferent experts give different name.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter 6
Stages of Groups
Different experts give different names and descriptions of group stages. I’ll give brief overviews of three different experts. All three are more alike than different but there are some differences in their perspectives.
According to the Coreys (2010, pp. 107-108) there are five basic stages to groups. These stages overlap and at times, the group may revert to an earlier stage before progressing. Being aware of the stages gives the leader a valuable perspective and helps her predict problems. The five stages are the pre-group stage, the initial stage, the transition stage, the working stage and the final stage. The pre-group stage involves all the facets of forming a group, including creating a description for the group, enlisting possible participants, screening and selecting members and orienting the members. The initial stage provides orientation and exploration. Members may experience anxiety and insecurity about what will occur in the group meetings. They may test the limits as they attempt to figure out exactly what the boundaries are. It is important that the leader not squelch the conversation but allow the members to express themselves openly without being judged. In this stage, the members gradually develop the norms, explore their fears and expectations, identify their personal goals and determine if the group is safe. Trust begins to develop. In the transition stage the leader must assist the members in working on the concerns that they brought to the group. Members decide how much risk they should take and they explore any reluctance they experience in participating in the group. The working stage is productive. Mutuality and self-exploration increase and behavioral changes are made. Earlier themes of trust, conflict and reluctance to participate may be revisited. As deeper levels of trust are achieved, new conflicts may arise. Some groups never reach this stage but this doesn’t mean that the group was a failure. Benefits can still be realized. The final stage involves identifying what was learned and deciding how to incorporate this new learning into their lives. The group will spend time summarizing, pulling things together, and integrating and interpreting the experience. The group must deal with feelings of separation, address unfinished business, review the group experience, practice their behavioral changes, design action plans, prepare for coping with relapse (if this should occur) and build a supportive network.
Jacobs, Masson & Harvill (2009, pp. 29-31) indicated that groups go through three stages - the beginning stage, the middle or working stage and the ending or closing stage. In the beginning stage the members introduce themselves and discuss such topics as purpose of the group, group process, rules, comfort levels and content of the group. Members may struggle
with their comfort level and whether they can trust the group. This stage might last anywhere from a few minutes in the first ses ...
Organisation Behavior groups and teams Shilpi Arora
This document defines groups and teams, and discusses various aspects of group dynamics and decision making. It provides definitions of groups and characteristics of formal and informal groups. It also summarizes models of group development, including Tuckman's five stage model and the punctuated equilibrium model for temporary groups. Norms, decision making techniques like brainstorming, nominal group technique, Delphi technique, and dialectic decision making are also outlined.
This document discusses group dynamics and group mind. It defines a group and outlines the key characteristics and stages of group development, known as forming, storming, norming, performing, and mourning. It explains the meaning and importance of group dynamics, noting how interaction within a group leads to changes in individual behavior and development of a common perception. The importance of understanding group dynamics in learning is also highlighted, such as improving student behavior and developing qualities like leadership, cooperation, and sacrifice. Finally, the concept of group mind is introduced, which refers to individuals taking on the mindset of the larger crowd or group they are part of.
Group Dynamics refers to the study of human behavior in groups. There are primary and secondary groups, command and task groups, and in-groups and out-groups. Groups can be deliberately created to perform tasks, with hierarchies and rules guiding behavior. Informal groups form the company grapevine to ease stress. Group dynamics involve stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Effective group decision making uses techniques like brainstorming, nominal groups, Delphi, and dialectic methods. Roles in groups include task roles like information giving and seeking, and relationship roles like encouraging participation and relieving tension.
This document discusses group dynamics and leadership in agricultural extension work. It defines groups and explains different types of groups including functional groups, task groups, and informal groups. It describes the stages of group development from forming to performing. It also discusses the internal and external dynamics that influence groups. The document outlines reasons why farmers may join groups, including security, status, self-esteem, affiliation, and power. It defines leadership and explains the importance and functions of leadership in extension work. Finally, it describes different types of leaders involved in extension, such as professional leaders and local leaders including action leaders and opinion leaders.
Groups and teams are formed for different purposes. A group consists of two or more people who share common interests, objectives, and ongoing interaction. A work team is a group of people with complementary skills committed to a common mission and goals. There are four stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, and performing. Groups can be formal, based on the organizational structure, or informal based on friendships and interests. The main theories around group formation include propinquity, where proximity leads to affiliation, social systems theory looking at interrelated activities and interactions, balance theory based on shared attitudes and values, and exchange theory focused on rewarding interactions.
Individual & group dynamics, conflit management & negotiationDeenaGeorge2
The document discusses the concepts of individual dynamics, group dynamics, and conflict management. It defines what a dynamic individual and group are, outlining key characteristics. The stages of group development are described as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Conflict management strategies like accommodation, avoidance, collaboration, compromise, and competition are presented. The negotiation process and its stages of preparation, discussion, clarifying goals, negotiating a win-win outcome, agreement, and implementation are outlined. Attitudes, knowledge, and interpersonal skills are identified as the three key elements of effective negotiation.
This document describes four methods for carrying forward budget balances from one fiscal year to the next: 1) encumbrances only, 2) encumbrances and encumbered budget, 3) funds available, and 4) a combination of methods 2 and 3. It provides screenshots and explanations of how balances are treated under each method at year-end and displayed in the subsequent year. It also addresses some common questions about the carry forward process, flexibility of rules, and impact of additional transactions.
The document provides test specifications for system testing the payables process integration with an application system. It includes 16 test sequences covering processes like opening payable periods, defining banks, invoice entry for POs and non-POs, payments, refunds, recurring invoices, and month/period-end processing. Each sequence has detailed steps, expected results, and status tracking. It also specifies requirements for century date compliance in all customizations and interfaces.
This document is the Oracle Payables Reference Guide, Release 12. It provides reference material for Oracle Payables, including technical details about application use as well as general concepts. The guide is intended for use by anyone responsible for implementing or using Oracle Payables. It contains sections on expense reports and credit cards, payables open interface tables, purchase order matching database tables, and predefined setup for Oracle Subledger Accounting.
This document provides an overview of entering invoices in Oracle Payables in Release 12 (R12). It discusses the new ability to assign multiple organizations to a single payables responsibility. It also covers entering invoice headers, lines, and distributions. Invoice lines can now capture additional project or asset related information. The document provides examples of entering invoices at the line and distribution levels and the resulting accounting entries. It concludes with current enhancement requests for Payables in R12, such as adding fields to capture asset tag numbers and units from invoices.
The document provides setup instructions for Oracle Accounts Payable application version 12.1.3. It includes 28 setup steps to define configuration items like the accounting flexfield, payment terms, approval codes, payment programs, and payment formats. The setup is to be completed to implement the application for a company using accrual accounting.
This document provides a quick reference guide for creating a requisition in Oracle iProcurement. It outlines the 9 step process: 1) Log in and select procurement, 2) search for items and add them to your cart from internal or external sources, 3) create a non-catalog request if the item is not found, 4) enter delivery information, 5) enter billing information such as the PTAEO, 6) add any notes for approvers or attach documents, 7) review the approver list, 8) review the full requisition, and 9) submit the requisition for approval.
The document provides an overview and case study of Patni Computer Systems' implementation of Oracle iProcurement. Some key points:
- Patni implemented iProcurement over 6 months to streamline their procurement process and reduce cycle times.
- The implementation involved analyzing current and desired processes, customizing workflows, loading catalogs, testing, and training users.
- Results included reducing procurement cycle times from 20 days to just 3 hours, eliminating paper-based processes, and improving supplier relationships.
- Lessons learned included the importance of user involvement, change management processes, and getting catalog and category structures right for adoption.
Oracle iProcurement and Services Procurement enable self-service procurement and spending control. iProcurement allows employees to place orders from catalogs while enforcing spending policies. It streamlines ordering, controls spending, and reduces procurement costs. Services Procurement provides controls for services spending through master agreements, timecard approval, and invoice matching to eliminate overbilling and increase visibility into services spend. Both products are part of Oracle's Advanced Procurement suite for integrated procurement of goods and services.
This document provides guidance on using the Oracle iProcurement system for NHS Wales. It introduces iProcurement and explains how to log in. It describes the home page layout and sections. It provides instructions for creating catalogue and non-catalogue requisitions, approving requisitions, receiving goods, reviewing previous requisitions, and other reference information. The goal is to help users navigate iProcurement and understand the processes for ordering, approving, and receiving goods and services.
This document discusses leveraging Oracle iProcurement to increase cash flow by extending access to member or partner organizations. It would provide an additional revenue source and savings passed to others through combined spending power. To implement, a separate set of books and operating unit would be created with unlimited approval authority and restricted requisition views. Legal considerations around antitrust rules for consortium buying are also noted.
This document provides guidance on using iProcurement for procurement and non-procurement purchases. It discusses raising requisitions through smart forms or non-catalogue requisitions. Smart forms can be used to order certain goods and services, automatically creating a purchase order. Non-catalogue requisitions require approval from UK SBS procurement to ensure regulatory compliance. It also covers receipting goods, returns, and other iProcurement functions. The document contains step-by-step instructions and notes on navigation, approvals, and best practices for iProcurement.
The document discusses Oracle iProcurement, which aims to centralize purchasing controls while decentralizing purchasing execution through self-service. It allows enabling procurement policy-based purchasing, supporting requests for all goods and services through a single entry point. It provides a productive user interface for requesters with tools to streamline purchasing. It also discusses self-service receiving to improve payment accuracy through three-way matching.
This document provides an overview and instructions for using the iProcurement module in Oracle Financials version 11.5.10. It describes the iProcurement home page and preferences settings. The main sections covered include creating shopping carts, requisitions, and receipts. Details are provided on adding items from online catalogs or manually, saving incomplete requisitions, and charging items to accounts. Methods for splitting costs, adding notes, changing approvers, and finding requisitions are also summarized.
This document provides instructions for staff on using the upgraded version of Oracle E-Business Suite for procurement processes at CDU. It outlines how to log in, navigate to the iProcurement homepage, and raise requisitions. Specific steps covered include searching for item categories and suppliers, adding line items to the shopping cart, attaching documents, and submitting requisitions for approval. It also discusses receiving goods, returning items, and correcting receipt quantities.
This document provides an overview of the physical inventory process in Oracle Inventory, including defining a physical inventory, taking a snapshot of on-hand quantities, generating tags, entering counts, approving adjustments, and posting adjustments. Key steps include defining criteria for the inventory, generating tags to match physical items to the system, entering count quantities, and making approved adjustments to update inventory records. The process integrates with cost management and general ledger modules to update item costs and inventory values.
The document provides instructions on setting up inventory items in an organizational inventory management system. It discusses [1] creating items at the organizational level, [2] assigning stock locators, [3] changing stock locators, and [4] transferring items between subinventories through reservations. Most item attributes will default from a master template, but some like account centers and subinventories need to be manually assigned.
This document provides an overview of kanban replenishments in Oracle Inventory. It describes how kanban uses a pull-based system with cards to trigger replenishment requests when inventory is needed. It outlines the different kanban supply statuses and source types for replenishing inventory, including production, intra-organization transfers, inter-organization transfers, and external suppliers. It also provides details on how to set up kanban planned items, define kanban cards, and establish kanban pull sequences to support the replenishment process.
The document summarizes inventory transaction types in two character codes used by different source modules, including inventory adjustments (IA), inventory issues (II), inventory transfers (IT), inventory receipts (IR), legacy bill of lading receipts and transfers (LR and LT), and transactions from purchase orders and sales orders. It provides details on how each transaction type affects inventory quantities and costs, and which general ledger accounts they impact.
This document provides an overview of forecasting in Oracle Applications. It discusses loading forecast data through manual entry, import, and automatic generation. Focus forecasting generates forecasts by selecting the most accurate of five forecasting models based on historical demand data. Statistical forecasting uses an exponential smoothing function to average historical demand. The document also covers forecast consumption, technical details, reporting, and alerts related to forecasting.
This document discusses accounting entries for inventory transactions under average costing. It defines key inventory accounts like material, material overhead, and expense. It then provides examples of common inventory transactions and whether the average cost is recalculated for the receiving subinventory. For transactions like receipts, issues, transfers, the average cost is not changed. But for adjustments, completions or scrapping of work in process jobs, the average cost is recalculated based on the associated charges to the job.
L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023SPATPortToamasina
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
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2. Learning Objectives
1. Describe various types of groups and
teams in organisations.
2. Summarise the stages of group2. Summarise the stages of group
development and key roles members
occupy within a work group.
3. Pinpoint several potential problems with
group effort and know how to prevent them.
3. Groups
Interact with one another.
Are working toward some common purpose.
Perceive themselves to be a group.Perceive themselves to be a group.
Have a strong, focused leader.
Have individual accountability.
Strive to run efficient meetings.
4. Teams (Formal Groups)
Are a special type of group.
Have complementary skills.
Are committed to a common purpose.
Have a set of performance goals.
Have a defined approach to a task.
Have a team leader who shares leadership roles.
Have individual and mutual accountability.
Encourage open-ended discussion and
participation.
5. Teams versus Groups
ATTRIBUTE GROUP TEAM
Nature
Timeframe
Function
Goals
Responsibilities
Uncoordinated
Ongoing
General or multiple
General, multiple
General or common
Motivated and managed
Specific timescale
Specific (ad hoc) task
Specific, single and defined
AllocatedResponsibilities
Communication
Bonds
Motivation
Membership
Size
Integration of new
members
Leadership
General or common
Weak
Common interests
Weak
Relatively open
Large or small
Ad hoc
Weak
Allocated
High interaction
Shared commitment, objectives
Strong
Selected or complementary
Comparatively small
Organised
Clear
6. Types of Teams
Cross-functional team
A group of workers with different specialties
drawn from the same level in the organisation to
blend their talents to accomplish a task such asblend their talents to accomplish a task such as
product development.
Top-management team
Is the group of managers at the top of
organisations that collaborate in making most
major decisions.
8. Stages of Group Development
Stage 1: Forming
A time of confusion, caution, communality for
members.
Stage 2: Storming
A time of hostility, infighting, tension, and
confrontation.
Stage 3: Norming
A period of quiet; resistance is overcome and
group standards (norms) are established.
9. Stages of Group Development
Stage 4: Performing
In this stage, the group is ready to focus on
accomplishing its key tasks.
Stage 5: AdjourningStage 5: Adjourning
Groups are dissolved after their tasks are
accomplished.
Key managerial challenge:
To help groups move past the first three stages
of group development into performing.
10. Roles within Groups
1. Knowledge contributor
2. Process observer
3. People supporter
4. Challenger4. Challenger
5. Listener
6. Mediator
7. Gatekeeper
8. Take-charge leader
11. Potential Problems within
Groups
Group polarization (risky shift)
Shifts in member attitudes to more or less
risky positions, which, in turn, reduces
intragroup cohesion.
Social loafingSocial loafing
Occurs when an undermotivated person
avoids individual responsibility and tries to
squeeze by without contributing a fair share of
the work.
Groupthink
Occurs when strong group cohesiveness
creates a extreme form of consensus and
interferes with effective decision-making.
12. Building Teamwork
1. Instill in teams an urgent constructive purpose.
2. Empower the group to determine how to meet
its objectives.
3. Use a consensus decision-making style to
foster participation.foster participation.
4. Feed members valid facts and information that
motivate them to work together.
5. Avoid micromanagement in supervising the
team too closely.
6. Reward the team as well as individuals.
7. Send members to outdoor (or off-site) training.