The document discusses Emanuel Tropp's developmental approach to social work with groups. The developmental approach sees individuals as having potential to continually develop and improve their social functioning. It focuses on tapping into people's unused potential. The approach has three major themes: seeing people humanistically, focusing on their current behaviors, and viewing development as a lifelong process. Key aspects include emphasizing common goals and processes, members achieving individual growth through group experiences, and viewing groups as going through beginning, middle, and ending stages with the worker's role changing over time.
Learning resources compiled by S.Rengasamy for Social Group Work for the students doing their graduation course in Social Work in the colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University
Learning resources compiled by S.Rengasamy for Social Group Work for the students doing their graduation course in Social Work in the colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University
The ecological perspective is an approach to social work practice that addresses the complex transactions between people and their environment. A broad frame work that synthesizes ideas from a number of human behavior and social work practice theories, the ecological perspective offers a rich, eclectic social work knowledge and practice base.
Interaction theory (IT) is an approach to questions about social cognition, or how one understands other people, that focuses on bodily behaviors and environmental contexts rather than on mental processes.
The historical development of community organizationJanicaCaldona
Community organization includes community work, community projects, community development, community empowerment, community building, and community mobilization. The historical background on how CO was developed in the Philippines is presented.
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK , BY ARSHIL PC ,DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK, CENTR...Arshu Pc
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK IS THE IMPORTANT PART OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK. IT ALSO EXPLAINS THE FEATURES AND THE ROLE OF A SOCIAL WORKER IN DIFFERENT MODELS.
Development and democracy debate can be seen from different perspective. So there is no unique solution of this debate. But this debate has supplied the insights to policy makers and academicians undoubtedly.
The ecological perspective is an approach to social work practice that addresses the complex transactions between people and their environment. A broad frame work that synthesizes ideas from a number of human behavior and social work practice theories, the ecological perspective offers a rich, eclectic social work knowledge and practice base.
Interaction theory (IT) is an approach to questions about social cognition, or how one understands other people, that focuses on bodily behaviors and environmental contexts rather than on mental processes.
The historical development of community organizationJanicaCaldona
Community organization includes community work, community projects, community development, community empowerment, community building, and community mobilization. The historical background on how CO was developed in the Philippines is presented.
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK , BY ARSHIL PC ,DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK, CENTR...Arshu Pc
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK IS THE IMPORTANT PART OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK. IT ALSO EXPLAINS THE FEATURES AND THE ROLE OF A SOCIAL WORKER IN DIFFERENT MODELS.
Development and democracy debate can be seen from different perspective. So there is no unique solution of this debate. But this debate has supplied the insights to policy makers and academicians undoubtedly.
Based upon the 2008 book by Conyne, Crowell & Newmeyer, called Group Techniques: How to Use Them More Purposefully, the presentation introduces the PGTM model (Purposeful Group Techniques Model) for selecting group interventions. Group leaders are challenged to know just how to deal with each situation until they gain experience and a lot of practice! This model helps group leaders to decide what to do, and the book includes a large number of actual techniques collected in the appendix for ease of use.
The following topics should be included in your key understandings a.pdfamolmobileshop
The following topics should be included in your key understandings and take-away for this
week. What do you know about these topics?
Definition of group
Formal vs informal groups
Tuckman’s stages of group development
Groups as open systems
Characteristics of effective groups
Advantages and disadvantages of groups
Advantages and disadvantages of decision making in groups
Social facilitation, synergy, social loafing,
Norms, cohesiveness, impact of different combinations of these.
Definition of team
Team building process
Different team roles
Advantages/ disadvantages of teams
Types of teams (High performing, self managing, etc)
Homogenous and heterogeneous teams
Types of team building/ approaches to team building
Difference between groups and teams
Solution
.1. A collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual
influence, common feeling fcamaraderie, and who work together to achieve a common set of
goals.
2. Formal Groups- Formal groups are created and maintained to fulfill needs or tasks which arc
related to the total organisation mission. Thus these are consciously and deliberately created.
Such groups may be either permanent in the form of top management team such as board of
directors or management committees, work units in the various departments of the organisation,
staff groups providing specialised services to the organisation, and so on; or the formal groups
may be constituted on temporary basis for fulfilling certain specified objectives. When such
objectives are fulfilled they disappear. These may be in the form of temporary committee, task
force, etc. The working of formal groups is regulated by organisational rules and regulations.
Informals Group- Informal groups, on the other hand, are created in the organisation becausc of
operation of social and psychological forces operating at the work-place. Members create such
groups for their own satisfaction and their working is not regulated by the general framework of
organisational rules and regulations. Thus formal and informal organisations differ from each
other in the following respects:
1. Origin—As discussed above, reasons and circumstances of origin of both formal and informal
organisations are quite different. The formal groups are created deliberately and consciously in
the organisation by the framers of the organisation. On the other hand, informal groups arc
created because
of the operation of socio-psychological forces at the workplace, that is, people while working
together develop certain liking and disliking for others for the type of interactions not provided
officially.
2. Purpose—Since formal groups are deliberate creation, they are created for achieving the
legitimate objectives of the organisation. In fact, formal groups are basic product of formal
ogranisation structure. The informal groups are created by organisational members for their
social and psychological satisfaction. Thus they serve the purpose of organisational members
wh.
Notes on interpersonal relationship management (Organisation Bheavior)Yamini Kahaliya
The document contents notes on Interpersonal relationship management.
it covers following points :-
1. Interpersonal Relationship
2. Rapport Building Techniques and tips
3. Group Dynamics
4. Punctuated Equilibrium Model
5. Group Structure
6. Group-Decision Making
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Developmental approach
1. DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH
Developmental social work has been a
popular term in the country because of the
thrust towards developmental social
welfare.
United Nation started to advocate
starting with the sixties- the first U.N
Developmental Decade.
Emanuel Troop- offers such a theory
which seems very relevant to our setting-
The Developmental Approach.
2. Developmental Approach
Webster defines development as causing
something to unfold, to grow, to change for
the better, to be realized. It regards a certain
entity as being endowed with certain
potentials which society should discover and
maximize.
This basic idea about development is
inherent in Emanuel Troop’s Developmental
Approach to social work with groups.
3. Developmental Approach
People are not seen as being sick or healthy, but on
scale ranging from socially functional (adequate) to
dysfunctional (inadequate) to en-functional (good
functioning) continually able to move up this scale in
a life-long developmental process of self-realization.
The practitioner who tries to help people who are
striving for self-realization is concerned with tapping
the vast unused potential that resides within all
people and which is generally used only functionally-
in the spheres of physical, intellectual, aesthetic, and
interpersonal development, of which the last is the
direct concern of social work.
4. Two Essential Features
Recognition of the human being
as the main resource to be
utilized
Interpersonal relationships, more
specifically social role
performance, as the focus
concern.
5. Three Major Themes characterize
the developmental approach
1. Humanistic- a view of one human being by
another, troop elaborates on this theme by
describing how the worker functions and relates
with the group. The worker respects the group’s
common purpose and integrity as a
group, deals with the members for what they
are and what they do and respects the
members for what they are and what they do
and respects the member to member helping
phenomenon as key principle to their growth.
6. The worker is an enabler, and show belief in
people’s ability to cope with their common
task. The worker offers herself with openness,
authenticity, mutuality, humility, respect,
empathy, compassion, involvement, support,
expectation and assistance.
2. Phenomenological-the main concern is what
is happening at present, whether in the group
or outside of it, or both. The approach is
reality-oriented, focusing on current group
and individual behavior rather than on past
personality diagnosis and interpretations of
behavior.
7. 3. Developmental
It sees people as being able to move forward
in a life-long process of self-actualization or
fulfilment of potential in social functioning.
The treatment orientation, the
developmental approach sees people as
people, all of whom face difficult
developmental stages, life situation,
challenges, stresses, and crises with which
they must cope.
8. Characteristic of Developmental
Approach
1. Specific kinds of group experiences- are
viewed as most effective in the attainment
of enhanced social functioning. The content
of group experience, Called Program which
emanates from the group’s function which
Troop calls the functional modes, in group
practice are the following:
a. Counseling- group to discuss common life
situations or common concern
9. b. Activity group- to pursue a common
interest
c. Action group- to effect some improvement
in its social environment.
2. Common goal groups-viewed as the kinds of
experiences that are most productive of
enhanced social functioning. Goal is used in
this theory not in the sense of ends that are
expected to be achieved upon the
termination of the helping relationship, but
as a specific task agreed upon for a specific
group session or series of session (short term
goal).
10. 3. The common goal- a may take the form of
common concern or common interest or
common life situation, each of which results
in a peer relationship among members.
Except for the family group in which the
members do not have this distinctive peer
quality because of its hierarchical structure,
the approach may be applied to all other
groups which has this characteristic and
meets other membership criteria the worker
deems necessary.
11. 4. The effectiveness of the group goal-achieving
process is the primary target for both the
members and the worker. The events and process
occurring in the group as it pursues its common
goal should be given careful attention since on
this will depend the achievement of the members
individually needed gains.
• The worker’s skillful guidance of the group
towards the desirable structure and processes
relating to its goal is considered crucial.
5. The group members achieve different individual
gains in social growth within the context of the
group goal-achieving process.
12. Troop describes as the 4 basic purposive processes
a. Release of feeling-anger, fear, guilt and
affection-that tend to block effective social task
performance if not unberdened , preferably in
the presence of others who are in comparable
situation.
b. Support-which means a receiving of acceptance
and affection through belonging a group
recognition of self-expression that is translated
into achievement, which encourages the tapping
of further strengths, with a resultant gain in self-
esteem
13. c. Reality orientation wherein through seeing others
in similar situations, seeing how others see
oneself, each member can gain a clearer
orientation to his own behavior among peers
d. Self-appraisal which involves attaining from all
the foregoing a clearer perspective of one’s self
and others, new option for handling situations,
increased ability to make judgements, and a more
responsible taking hold of one’s own life in
relation to the reasons for being in the group.
14. 6. The group becomes the medium for the member’s
actions, for the perception of each other’s action, an
for the worker’s perception of both. Troop points out
the importance of the worker’s and members
relating only to commonly-perceived behavior, that
is, any one person’s (including the worker’s) reading
of a message may be inaccurate unless it is
confirmed by at least a segment of the group
7. The group goal-achieving process is carried out on
the basis of open agreements, openly arrived at and
openly pursued, resulting in a mutuality of
understanding and effort between member and
worker.
15. 8. The group is essentially self-directing, within varying
limits, and each member is self-directing in relation
to what he wants to give and to get from the group;
there is no intention to change anyone for it is seen
as each member’s right to decide how to lead his life
and to then benefit or suffer from the consequences.
THE HELPING PROCESS IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL
APPROACH
- Tropp describes events and worker activities during
the work with developmental groups which evidence
group development and the basic social work helping
process.
16. Tropp present the three types of stages in the
Developmental Approach.
1. Beginning Stage
2. Middle Stage
3. Ending Stage
1. Beginning Stage
Members
a. Become oriented to the new situation
b. Understand reason(s) for group
membership and the work to be done.
c. Experience some doubts or enthusiasm
about membership.
17. Worker
1. Clarifies purpose and structure of the group
2. Establishes a contract with the group
3. Facilitates/supports task-selection
4. Supports initial efforts of the group
5. Facilitates climate conducive to unity/cooperation.
2. Middle Stage
Members:
a. More open expression by members
b. Increasing understanding and acceptance of
values of group experience by member
18. c. Roles and statuses evolve
d. Group demonstrates greater ability to plan and
function
e. Group shows greater stability and cohesiveness
f. Group is working towards goal achievement
Workers:
1. Guides group toward its defined goals
2. Clarifies tasks completed and tasks still to be done
3. Provides continuing support to enable group to be
self-directing
4. Helps group to work within time frame
5. Assesses gains in relation to goal achievement
19. 3. Ending Stage
Members:
a. Show varying degrees of task accomplishment
b. Inventory gains from group experience
c. Show varying levels of satisfaction from
accomplishment
d. Show some concern/anxiety about ending
group membership and being separated from
members, worker and agency
e. Accept the reality of ending group experience
20. Workers:
1. Helps the group with task accomplishment
2. Evaluates gains made from group experience
3. Makes objective appraisal of any goals/tasks
not accomplished
4. Helps effect smooth ending of group
membership
5. Helps the group with post-termination plans as
a self-help or mutual aid group.