The document discusses group dynamics and the group development process. It describes how groups form and the stages of development, including initially coming together, forming subgroups, focusing on tasks, and fully functioning as a cohesive unit. Effective group facilitation is also discussed, including understanding group dynamics by diagnosing issues, being self-aware, and knowing how to facilitate the group process. Key aspects that can affect group functioning are participation, communication, problem-solving, and leadership.
This document discusses groups and teams in organizations. It defines groups as collections of individuals who interact to accomplish goals, while teams are groups working together to achieve common objectives. The document outlines different types of groups like formal vs informal and cross-functional vs self-managed teams. It also discusses factors that impact group dynamics and performance such as size, task interdependence, roles, leadership, and cohesiveness. Highly cohesive groups tend to have greater member satisfaction and productivity but can risk conformity over performance.
This document discusses group processes and dynamics. It defines groups and describes different types of groups like formal and informal groups. It also discusses intergroup processes and how groups interact with each other. Some key aspects of group processes discussed include group cohesiveness, synergy, social loafing, and social facilitation effect. Models of group development like Tuckman's model are also summarized, which outlines the forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages. The importance of understanding group processes for developing effective teams is highlighted.
The document discusses key concepts about group and team communication. It defines groups as small numbers of people with a common purpose and sense of belonging, who influence each other. Teams are coordinated groups organized to achieve a specific goal. The document outlines different types of groups like primary, study, and problem-solving groups. It also describes group dynamics including roles, rules, norms, status, and networks of communication. Stages of group development and diversity in groups are also summarized.
The document discusses key aspects of small group communication including definitions, types, development, decision-making processes, leadership, roles, and conflict management. Small groups are defined as having 3-12 members who interact and work towards common goals. Groups can be task-oriented like work teams or more social in nature. Models of group development generally involve stages like forming, storming, norming, and performing. Effective decision-making uses techniques like brainstorming, reflective thinking, and the nominal group process. Leadership, roles, and managing conflict constructively are important for group functioning.
Group Communication - Working in teams (by Elizabeth Kernohan)Hazel Owen
The document discusses group communication and effective teamwork. It covers how groups develop over time through various stages, from initial conflict to emergence of shared goals and roles. Key aspects of effective teams include establishing clear norms, engaging in dialogue rather than debate, achieving synergy through shared understanding, and fulfilling both task and relationship roles. The importance of communication in allowing teams to progress through stages of development and resolve conflicts is also emphasized.
The document provides information on various forms of group communication used in organizations. It discusses group discussions, brainstorming, the nominal group technique, and the Delphi technique. Group discussions are commonly used for decision making, problem solving, and selecting job candidates. During group discussions for selection purposes, candidates are evaluated on their knowledge, communication skills, group behavior, and leadership potential. Effective listening, clear expression, and appropriate language are important communication skills evaluated during such discussions.
This document discusses group communication. It begins by stating that RPC only allows communication between two parties, whereas sometimes multiple processes need to communicate with each other, which RPC cannot handle. An example given is a group of file servers cooperating to provide a fault-tolerant file service. The document then defines group communication as one-to-many communication, and notes that groups are dynamic - new groups can form and old groups can disband, and processes can join or leave groups. The purpose of group communication is to allow processes to interact with collections of other processes as a single entity.
The document defines different types of social groups including formal and informal groups, as well as crowds, mobs, audiences, and teams. It also examines the stages of group formation and different aspects of group structure such as norms, roles, status, and cohesiveness. Finally, it discusses several group processes including social facilitation, social loafing, and group polarization.
This document discusses groups and teams in organizations. It defines groups as collections of individuals who interact to accomplish goals, while teams are groups working together to achieve common objectives. The document outlines different types of groups like formal vs informal and cross-functional vs self-managed teams. It also discusses factors that impact group dynamics and performance such as size, task interdependence, roles, leadership, and cohesiveness. Highly cohesive groups tend to have greater member satisfaction and productivity but can risk conformity over performance.
This document discusses group processes and dynamics. It defines groups and describes different types of groups like formal and informal groups. It also discusses intergroup processes and how groups interact with each other. Some key aspects of group processes discussed include group cohesiveness, synergy, social loafing, and social facilitation effect. Models of group development like Tuckman's model are also summarized, which outlines the forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages. The importance of understanding group processes for developing effective teams is highlighted.
The document discusses key concepts about group and team communication. It defines groups as small numbers of people with a common purpose and sense of belonging, who influence each other. Teams are coordinated groups organized to achieve a specific goal. The document outlines different types of groups like primary, study, and problem-solving groups. It also describes group dynamics including roles, rules, norms, status, and networks of communication. Stages of group development and diversity in groups are also summarized.
The document discusses key aspects of small group communication including definitions, types, development, decision-making processes, leadership, roles, and conflict management. Small groups are defined as having 3-12 members who interact and work towards common goals. Groups can be task-oriented like work teams or more social in nature. Models of group development generally involve stages like forming, storming, norming, and performing. Effective decision-making uses techniques like brainstorming, reflective thinking, and the nominal group process. Leadership, roles, and managing conflict constructively are important for group functioning.
Group Communication - Working in teams (by Elizabeth Kernohan)Hazel Owen
The document discusses group communication and effective teamwork. It covers how groups develop over time through various stages, from initial conflict to emergence of shared goals and roles. Key aspects of effective teams include establishing clear norms, engaging in dialogue rather than debate, achieving synergy through shared understanding, and fulfilling both task and relationship roles. The importance of communication in allowing teams to progress through stages of development and resolve conflicts is also emphasized.
The document provides information on various forms of group communication used in organizations. It discusses group discussions, brainstorming, the nominal group technique, and the Delphi technique. Group discussions are commonly used for decision making, problem solving, and selecting job candidates. During group discussions for selection purposes, candidates are evaluated on their knowledge, communication skills, group behavior, and leadership potential. Effective listening, clear expression, and appropriate language are important communication skills evaluated during such discussions.
This document discusses group communication. It begins by stating that RPC only allows communication between two parties, whereas sometimes multiple processes need to communicate with each other, which RPC cannot handle. An example given is a group of file servers cooperating to provide a fault-tolerant file service. The document then defines group communication as one-to-many communication, and notes that groups are dynamic - new groups can form and old groups can disband, and processes can join or leave groups. The purpose of group communication is to allow processes to interact with collections of other processes as a single entity.
The document defines different types of social groups including formal and informal groups, as well as crowds, mobs, audiences, and teams. It also examines the stages of group formation and different aspects of group structure such as norms, roles, status, and cohesiveness. Finally, it discusses several group processes including social facilitation, social loafing, and group polarization.
The document defines a group and different types of groups, including formal and informal groups, interacting and co-acting groups, open and closed groups. It also discusses factors that influence group behavior like external conditions, group structure, abilities of members, and leadership. The stages of group development include forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Effective group decision making involves techniques like brainstorming, nominal group technique, and interacting groups. High cohesion leads to greater unity and productivity in a group compared to low cohesion.
Group dynamics refers to the behaviors and psychological processes within and between social groups. It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision making, productivity, interaction, cohesiveness and communication. Group dynamics contains the interaction of forces among group members. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are more than the sum of their parts and are influenced by leadership, deference to authority, and roles of group members. Groups shape individuals and society.
Group, Types of Groups, Group formation and its stages, Teams, Types of Teams, Team Vs Group, Group Norms, Group cohesiveness, Group size, Leadership - Meaning, Leader Vs Manager, Leadership Styles.
In this presentation we discuss the good and evil of groups. When people get together, the properties of individual will be replaced by the emerging properties brought by the grouping process, such as collective intelligence. Are groups make better decisions than individuals? It depends on how we manage and acquire synergy from groups.
The document discusses key aspects of small group communication. It defines a group as a collection of usually 3-9 interdependent members working toward a common goal. Characteristics of effective groups include clear purpose, participation, listening skills, and assessing their own function. Group decision making has advantages like diverse ideas but also disadvantages like some members dominating. The document outlines methods of decision making, styles of leadership, and strategies for resolving conflicts constructively.
This document provides an overview of group dynamics and the scientific study of groups. It discusses key topics in the field including group formation, cohesion, influence, leadership, performance, conflict, and applications. The document outlines various types of groups and levels of analysis (micro, meso, macro). It also presents assumptions that guide research on groups, such as groups being real entities that shape society and can be studied scientifically. Major topics covered include inclusion, norms, power, decision-making, teams, intergroup relations, and how groups are impacted by their context and can be agents of change. The objectives are for learners to understand groups, paradigms in the field, topics studied, and participate in group activities.
- The document discusses various topics related to small groups, including ideal group size, decision making methods, brainstorming rules, problem solving approaches, leadership styles, and cultural influences.
- It provides definitions and descriptions of concepts like consensus decision making, nominal group technique, situational leadership, and individualistic versus collective cultures.
- Examples are given to illustrate concepts like democratic leadership, empowering group members to distribute power, and recognizing individual contributions to foster relationships within a group.
A group is defined as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups in organizations can be formal or informal. Formal groups are created to achieve organizational objectives, while informal groups are based on personal relationships. Groups develop over time through various stages including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Group structure and dynamics influence member behavior and include leadership, roles, norms, and status. Group decision making is a participatory process where members collectively analyze problems, consider alternatives, and select solutions. High performing teams are focused on goals and achieve superior results.
This document discusses group dynamics and group mind. It defines a group and outlines the key characteristics and stages of group development, known as forming, storming, norming, performing, and mourning. It explains the meaning and importance of group dynamics, noting how interaction within a group leads to changes in individual behavior and development of a common perception. The importance of understanding group dynamics in learning is also highlighted, such as improving student behavior and developing qualities like leadership, cooperation, and sacrifice. Finally, the concept of group mind is introduced, which refers to individuals taking on the mindset of the larger crowd or group they are part of.
This document discusses various theories of group formation, including propinquity, interaction, balance, and exchange theories. It also outlines the five stages of group formation: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Additionally, it describes the punctuated-equilibrium model of group development and identifies characteristics of groups such as social interaction, stability, and common interests/goals. The document also discusses aspects of group structure including norms, roles, status, and cohesiveness.
This document summarizes key concepts about group dynamics. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and working together to achieve a common goal. It discusses different types of groups like work groups, command groups, task groups, and friendship groups. It also outlines the stages of group formation including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Additionally, it discusses group norms, social loafing, and the relationship between group cohesiveness and performance/productivity.
Groupthink refers to a psychological phenomenon where people conform to group opinions even if they disagree. It occurs most often when groups are highly cohesive, face external threats, and have charismatic leaders. Symptoms include assuming invulnerability, ignoring warnings, stereotyping outsiders, and self-censorship. While groupthink speeds decisions, it risks poor outcomes from lacking diverse opinions and critical thinking. Leaders can minimize it by encouraging dissent, using subgroups, and obtaining outside perspectives.
In organizational development(OD), group dynamics or group process‖ refers to the understanding of the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups, that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision.
The document discusses factors that influence team performance and effectiveness. It defines groups and teams, explaining that teams have a common purpose and complementary skills. It describes the five stages of team development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Reasons why teams fail include hidden agendas, lack of understanding or leadership, wrong team composition, and unhealthy environments. Psychological phenomena like groupthink and social loafing can also negatively impact teams. Overall team size, composition, and longevity influence team "inputs" and ultimately performance outcomes.
Individual & group dynamics, conflit management & negotiationDeenaGeorge2
The document discusses the concepts of individual dynamics, group dynamics, and conflict management. It defines what a dynamic individual and group are, outlining key characteristics. The stages of group development are described as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Conflict management strategies like accommodation, avoidance, collaboration, compromise, and competition are presented. The negotiation process and its stages of preparation, discussion, clarifying goals, negotiating a win-win outcome, agreement, and implementation are outlined. Attitudes, knowledge, and interpersonal skills are identified as the three key elements of effective negotiation.
There are two main types of groups - formal and informal. Formal groups are consciously created to serve organizational objectives and can be command groups, task groups, or functional groups. Informal groups develop naturally among people based on personal relationships or interests like friendship or shared interests.
Group development theories include Tuckman's model which outlines five stages - forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. During forming, members share information and get to know tasks. Storming involves competing for status and tension as conflicts emerge. Norming occurs as conflicts are resolved and roles are clarified, leading to the highly effective performing stage. Finally, adjourning involves preparing for the group's end.
Foundations Of Group Behavior | Types Of Groups | Roles in Groups | FaHaD .H. NooR
The document discusses several topics related to group behavior, including defining different types of groups, the stages of group development, how roles and norms influence behavior, and how factors like size, cohesion, and diversity impact group effectiveness. It also compares decision-making techniques and their strengths and weaknesses. Overall, the document provides an overview of key concepts in understanding group dynamics and behavior in organizational settings.
This document discusses group learning and dynamics. It defines what a group is and characteristics of effective groups. It describes primary and secondary groups, formal and informal groups, and factors that affect group cohesion and morale like leadership, structure, and goals. Maintaining group cohesion requires strong bonds between members through cooperation, communication and a shared identity. Understanding group dynamics helps optimize group performance and the learning experience.
This document discusses the concept of groupthink, which refers to how people work together in groups to solve problems. Groupthink can be either positive or negative. The creator Janis Irving defined it as a mode of thinking where a group prioritizes consensus over realistically evaluating alternatives. However, some research has also shown positive aspects when groups build on each other's ideas. For groupthink to be constructive, every group member must contribute to the open discussion without bias.
Groups are defined as two or more individuals interacting to achieve objectives. Groups go through stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. However, groups do not always progress linearly and can revert to earlier stages. Effective teams have a common purpose, specific goals, accountability, and manage conflict through a team charter outlining roles and responsibilities. Context, composition, and process influence team effectiveness.
Groups can be formal or informal. Formal groups are organizationally determined while informal groups form based on common interests. There are various types of groups including command, task, interest, and friendship. People form groups to satisfy needs, due to proximity, attraction, goals, and economics. Groups go through forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages. Effective groups have roles like knowledge contributor, process observer, and mediator. Groupthink can negatively impact decision making. Techniques like brainstorming, nominal groups, and virtual teams support group work. Work teams are formal groups focused on objectives. Problem solving, self-managed, cross-functional, and virtual teams are key types. Developing effective teams
Group behaviour 1 By- Prof. Sanddep M. JadhavSandep Jadhav
1. The Delhi office group may value independence over teamwork and see follow-up calls as unnecessary extra work.
2. Their norms could emphasize personal productivity over customer satisfaction to a higher degree.
3. The Delhi group's cohesiveness may come at the expense of considering alternative perspectives, like the Mumbai office's customer-centric approach.
The document defines a group and different types of groups, including formal and informal groups, interacting and co-acting groups, open and closed groups. It also discusses factors that influence group behavior like external conditions, group structure, abilities of members, and leadership. The stages of group development include forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Effective group decision making involves techniques like brainstorming, nominal group technique, and interacting groups. High cohesion leads to greater unity and productivity in a group compared to low cohesion.
Group dynamics refers to the behaviors and psychological processes within and between social groups. It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision making, productivity, interaction, cohesiveness and communication. Group dynamics contains the interaction of forces among group members. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are more than the sum of their parts and are influenced by leadership, deference to authority, and roles of group members. Groups shape individuals and society.
Group, Types of Groups, Group formation and its stages, Teams, Types of Teams, Team Vs Group, Group Norms, Group cohesiveness, Group size, Leadership - Meaning, Leader Vs Manager, Leadership Styles.
In this presentation we discuss the good and evil of groups. When people get together, the properties of individual will be replaced by the emerging properties brought by the grouping process, such as collective intelligence. Are groups make better decisions than individuals? It depends on how we manage and acquire synergy from groups.
The document discusses key aspects of small group communication. It defines a group as a collection of usually 3-9 interdependent members working toward a common goal. Characteristics of effective groups include clear purpose, participation, listening skills, and assessing their own function. Group decision making has advantages like diverse ideas but also disadvantages like some members dominating. The document outlines methods of decision making, styles of leadership, and strategies for resolving conflicts constructively.
This document provides an overview of group dynamics and the scientific study of groups. It discusses key topics in the field including group formation, cohesion, influence, leadership, performance, conflict, and applications. The document outlines various types of groups and levels of analysis (micro, meso, macro). It also presents assumptions that guide research on groups, such as groups being real entities that shape society and can be studied scientifically. Major topics covered include inclusion, norms, power, decision-making, teams, intergroup relations, and how groups are impacted by their context and can be agents of change. The objectives are for learners to understand groups, paradigms in the field, topics studied, and participate in group activities.
- The document discusses various topics related to small groups, including ideal group size, decision making methods, brainstorming rules, problem solving approaches, leadership styles, and cultural influences.
- It provides definitions and descriptions of concepts like consensus decision making, nominal group technique, situational leadership, and individualistic versus collective cultures.
- Examples are given to illustrate concepts like democratic leadership, empowering group members to distribute power, and recognizing individual contributions to foster relationships within a group.
A group is defined as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups in organizations can be formal or informal. Formal groups are created to achieve organizational objectives, while informal groups are based on personal relationships. Groups develop over time through various stages including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Group structure and dynamics influence member behavior and include leadership, roles, norms, and status. Group decision making is a participatory process where members collectively analyze problems, consider alternatives, and select solutions. High performing teams are focused on goals and achieve superior results.
This document discusses group dynamics and group mind. It defines a group and outlines the key characteristics and stages of group development, known as forming, storming, norming, performing, and mourning. It explains the meaning and importance of group dynamics, noting how interaction within a group leads to changes in individual behavior and development of a common perception. The importance of understanding group dynamics in learning is also highlighted, such as improving student behavior and developing qualities like leadership, cooperation, and sacrifice. Finally, the concept of group mind is introduced, which refers to individuals taking on the mindset of the larger crowd or group they are part of.
This document discusses various theories of group formation, including propinquity, interaction, balance, and exchange theories. It also outlines the five stages of group formation: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Additionally, it describes the punctuated-equilibrium model of group development and identifies characteristics of groups such as social interaction, stability, and common interests/goals. The document also discusses aspects of group structure including norms, roles, status, and cohesiveness.
This document summarizes key concepts about group dynamics. It defines groups as two or more individuals interacting and working together to achieve a common goal. It discusses different types of groups like work groups, command groups, task groups, and friendship groups. It also outlines the stages of group formation including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Additionally, it discusses group norms, social loafing, and the relationship between group cohesiveness and performance/productivity.
Groupthink refers to a psychological phenomenon where people conform to group opinions even if they disagree. It occurs most often when groups are highly cohesive, face external threats, and have charismatic leaders. Symptoms include assuming invulnerability, ignoring warnings, stereotyping outsiders, and self-censorship. While groupthink speeds decisions, it risks poor outcomes from lacking diverse opinions and critical thinking. Leaders can minimize it by encouraging dissent, using subgroups, and obtaining outside perspectives.
In organizational development(OD), group dynamics or group process‖ refers to the understanding of the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups, that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision.
The document discusses factors that influence team performance and effectiveness. It defines groups and teams, explaining that teams have a common purpose and complementary skills. It describes the five stages of team development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Reasons why teams fail include hidden agendas, lack of understanding or leadership, wrong team composition, and unhealthy environments. Psychological phenomena like groupthink and social loafing can also negatively impact teams. Overall team size, composition, and longevity influence team "inputs" and ultimately performance outcomes.
Individual & group dynamics, conflit management & negotiationDeenaGeorge2
The document discusses the concepts of individual dynamics, group dynamics, and conflict management. It defines what a dynamic individual and group are, outlining key characteristics. The stages of group development are described as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Conflict management strategies like accommodation, avoidance, collaboration, compromise, and competition are presented. The negotiation process and its stages of preparation, discussion, clarifying goals, negotiating a win-win outcome, agreement, and implementation are outlined. Attitudes, knowledge, and interpersonal skills are identified as the three key elements of effective negotiation.
There are two main types of groups - formal and informal. Formal groups are consciously created to serve organizational objectives and can be command groups, task groups, or functional groups. Informal groups develop naturally among people based on personal relationships or interests like friendship or shared interests.
Group development theories include Tuckman's model which outlines five stages - forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. During forming, members share information and get to know tasks. Storming involves competing for status and tension as conflicts emerge. Norming occurs as conflicts are resolved and roles are clarified, leading to the highly effective performing stage. Finally, adjourning involves preparing for the group's end.
Foundations Of Group Behavior | Types Of Groups | Roles in Groups | FaHaD .H. NooR
The document discusses several topics related to group behavior, including defining different types of groups, the stages of group development, how roles and norms influence behavior, and how factors like size, cohesion, and diversity impact group effectiveness. It also compares decision-making techniques and their strengths and weaknesses. Overall, the document provides an overview of key concepts in understanding group dynamics and behavior in organizational settings.
This document discusses group learning and dynamics. It defines what a group is and characteristics of effective groups. It describes primary and secondary groups, formal and informal groups, and factors that affect group cohesion and morale like leadership, structure, and goals. Maintaining group cohesion requires strong bonds between members through cooperation, communication and a shared identity. Understanding group dynamics helps optimize group performance and the learning experience.
This document discusses the concept of groupthink, which refers to how people work together in groups to solve problems. Groupthink can be either positive or negative. The creator Janis Irving defined it as a mode of thinking where a group prioritizes consensus over realistically evaluating alternatives. However, some research has also shown positive aspects when groups build on each other's ideas. For groupthink to be constructive, every group member must contribute to the open discussion without bias.
Groups are defined as two or more individuals interacting to achieve objectives. Groups go through stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. However, groups do not always progress linearly and can revert to earlier stages. Effective teams have a common purpose, specific goals, accountability, and manage conflict through a team charter outlining roles and responsibilities. Context, composition, and process influence team effectiveness.
Groups can be formal or informal. Formal groups are organizationally determined while informal groups form based on common interests. There are various types of groups including command, task, interest, and friendship. People form groups to satisfy needs, due to proximity, attraction, goals, and economics. Groups go through forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages. Effective groups have roles like knowledge contributor, process observer, and mediator. Groupthink can negatively impact decision making. Techniques like brainstorming, nominal groups, and virtual teams support group work. Work teams are formal groups focused on objectives. Problem solving, self-managed, cross-functional, and virtual teams are key types. Developing effective teams
Group behaviour 1 By- Prof. Sanddep M. JadhavSandep Jadhav
1. The Delhi office group may value independence over teamwork and see follow-up calls as unnecessary extra work.
2. Their norms could emphasize personal productivity over customer satisfaction to a higher degree.
3. The Delhi group's cohesiveness may come at the expense of considering alternative perspectives, like the Mumbai office's customer-centric approach.
Group dynamic leadership and managementअर्पणा भुसाल
The document discusses group dynamics, defining it as the forces operating within groups and the dynamic interaction between individuals in groups. It outlines the key characteristics of groups, including interaction between members, mutual awareness, belongingness, common goals, and norms. The document also examines the advantages of groups, the process of group formation according to Tuckman's model, and different types of formal and informal groups.
The document provides a lesson plan on group dynamics for nursing students. It includes general information about the lesson such as the teacher, topic, date, and objectives. The objectives are to introduce and define group dynamics, identify characteristics of groups, classify types of groups, list stages of group dynamics, and discuss functions of groups. The content section explains these topics in detail over several pages, including definitions, characteristics, types of groups like command, task, and functional groups, and stages of group dynamics like forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Teaching methods include lecture, discussion, and use of visual aids.
The document discusses group dynamics and decision making. It defines what constitutes a group and explores the nature of groups, including that they require at least two people, interaction, a reasonable size, shared goals and stability. It examines reasons for group formation such as warmth, support, power, affiliations and recognition. The document also covers types of groups, models of group behavior, determinants of group cohesion and techniques for group decision making.
1) A group is defined as two or more interacting individuals who share common goals and perceive themselves as part of the group, while group dynamics studies the interactions and processes within groups.
2) Key features of groups include having at least two members who interact, develop leadership, have a collective identity, establish group norms, and ultimately find satisfaction from group membership.
3) Group development occurs in phases including forming, storming, norming, performing, and potentially adjourning for temporary groups, as the group establishes structure, roles, and becomes functional in accomplishing its goals.
1. Describe various types of groups and teams in organisations.
2. Summarise the stages of group development and key roles members occupy within a work group.
3. Pinpoint several potential problems with group effort and know how to prevent them.
Group Dynamic(presentation for nursing management)ABHIJIT BHOYAR
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics)
Group can be defined as two or more individuals who interact and share a common identity. A group has a formal social structure and interdependence among its members. Group dynamics is the study of how groups interact and function. It considers both formally structured and informal groups. Understanding group dynamics is important as it improves communication, develops leadership skills, and allows members to accomplish shared goals through cooperation. There are various roles that group members take on, including task roles like initiating ideas or seeking information, and maintenance roles like encouraging others or resolving disagreements. Group dynamics applies to workgroups, therapy, and virtual communities.
The document discusses various topics related to groups and teams, including:
- Defining groups as two or more individuals interacting to achieve objectives.
- Classifying groups as formal, informal, task, interest, and friendship groups.
- The five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
- Factors that influence group effectiveness such as tasks, structure, composition, and processes.
- Techniques for group decision making including brainstorming, nominal group technique, and Delphi technique.
- Distinguishing characteristics of work groups and work teams.
- Different types of teams like problem-solving, self-managed, cross-functional,
The document discusses small group communication and formation. It describes that a group is a collection of people with a common purpose or goal who communicate with each other. There are different types of groups such as formal, advisory, creative, and support groups. The document also outlines several models of group development stages including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Additional stages discussed are orientation, conflict, emergence, and reinforcement. Key features of groups mentioned are togetherness, expectations about performance, and developing group norms and culture.
Group dynamics is the study of groups and group processes. Key aspects of group dynamics include:
- Groups form through regular interaction over time where members see themselves as a distinct entity working towards common goals.
- Group processes involve understanding how groups function to solve problems or make decisions. An expert can help groups improve their functioning.
- Cohesiveness occurs when members strongly agree on common values, beliefs, and objectives and how to achieve group aims.
- Groups progress through forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages as defined by Tuckman's model of group development.
- Important group processes include roles and expectations, norms, conformity, and status within the group
The document provides an overview of group counseling, including defining key terms, describing different types of groups and their goals, outlining the stages of group development, and examining the roles and skills of the group leader. It discusses the importance of creating trust, empathy, and cohesion among group members to facilitate self-disclosure, insight, and behavioral changes. The group leader must have knowledge of group dynamics, diagnostic skills, and personal qualities like presence, courage, and authenticity to effectively stimulate growth and change within group members.
Group dynamics refers to the attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of a group. A group is defined as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups form through various stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. There are both formal and informal groups. Formal groups are designated work groups within an organization while informal groups form in response to social needs. When making decisions as a group, individuals may shift their positions towards a more extreme risk level than their original individual decision due to factors like diffused responsibility and social status within the group.
This document discusses group dynamics and techniques for effective group decision making. It describes key concepts in group dynamics including formal vs informal groups, task vs social leadership roles, and influences of group size and composition. Techniques for structured group decision making are explored, such as brainstorming, nominal groups, Delphi groups, and dialectic decision methods. Potential benefits of group decisions are mentioned along with some weaknesses, including that meetings can be slow, expensive, and prone to "groupthink" where conformity overrides critical thinking.
The Art & Psychology Of Working TogetherGian Fiero
The document discusses the benefits of teamwork, including combining resources, dividing responsibilities, and greater accomplishments and survival rates. It outlines the stages of team formation from forming to storming to norming to performing. It also discusses challenges that can arise in teams like groupthink, social loafing, self-serving bias, and solutions like emphasizing honesty, empathy, interpersonal skills, and leadership lessons around harmonizing, encouraging, and gatekeeping. The overall goal is collaborative work to solve problems through team incubation, research, information sharing, and development.
Group dynamics refers to the attitudes and behaviors of groups. A group is defined as two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent to achieve common objectives. Key characteristics of groups include interacting with one another, sharing a common ideology or goals, and seeing themselves as a group. Group dynamics concern how groups form and function. There are formal groups designated by an organization and informal groups that form naturally. Groups go through stages of development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Group dynamics is relevant to understanding decision making and risk taking within organizations.
1) Developing facilitation skills requires careful observation, active listening, good timing, sensitivity to group dynamics, and allowing the group to explore uncomfortable areas.
2) A good facilitator desires the best outcome for all involved and does not impose their own solution.
3) Understanding group formation stages and making timely interventions can help a facilitator guide a group through forming, storming, norming, and performing stages to reach consensus.
1. 1
GROUP DYNAMICS:
A. GROUP FORMATION
A group is able to share experiences, to provide feedback, to pool ideas,
to generate insights, and provide an arena for analysis of experiences.
The group provides a measure of support and reassurance. Moreover, as
a group, learners may also plan collectively for change action. Group
discussion is a very effective learning method.
i Participation
Participation is a fundamental process within a group, because many of
the other processes depend upon participation of the various members.
Levels and degrees of participation vary. Some members are active
participants while others are more withdrawn and passive. In essence,
participation means involvement, concern for the task, and direct or
indirect contribution to the group goal. If members do not participate,
the group ceases to exist.
Factors which affect members participation
- The content or task of the group- is it of interest, importance and
relevance?
- The physical atmosphere - is it comfortable physically, socially and
psychologically?
- The psychological atmosphere - is it accepting, non-threatening?
- Member’s personal preoccupations - are there any distracting
thoughts in their mind?
- The level of interaction and discussions - is adequate information
provided for everyone to understand? - is it at a level everyone
understands?
- Familiarity - between group members- do members know each other
from before?
ii Communication
Communication within a group deals with the spoken and the unspoken,
the verbal and the non-verbal, the explicit and the implied messages that
are conveyed and exchanged relating to information and ideas, and
feelings.
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Two-way communication implies a situation where not only the two
parties talk to each other, but that they are listening to each other as
well. It helps in
- Clarification of doubts, confusions and misconceptions
- Both parties understanding each other
- Receiving and giving of feedback
It indicates the degree of respect between the two parties
Helpful hints for effective communication
1. Have a circular seating arrangement so that everyone can see and
interact with everyone else
2. If there are two facilitators, they should sit apart so that
communication flow is not in one direction
3. Respect individuals- let everyone call everyone else by name
respectfully
4. Encourage and support the quiet members to voice their opinions
5. Try and persuade the people who speak too much to give others a
chance
6. Ensure that only one person speaks at a time or no one else will be
heard
7. Discourage sub groups from indulging in side talk
iii Problem solving
Most groups find themselves unable to solve problems because they
address the problem at a superficial level. After that they find themselves
blocked because they cannot figure out why the problem occurred and
how they can tackle it. Therefore an effective problem solving procedure
would be to:
1. Clearly define the problem: Is it what appears on the surface or are
there deep hidden aspects?
2. Try to thoroughly explore and understand the causes behind the
problem
3. Collect additional information, from elsewhere if necessary, and
analyze it to understand the problem further
4. The group should suspend criticism and judgment for a while and try
to combine each other's ideas or add on improvements. The objectives
should be to generate as many ideas and suggestions as possible.
This is called "brainstorming" in a group, when individuals try lateral
thinking.
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iv Leadership
Leadership involves focussing the efforts of the people towards a common
goal and to enable them to work together as one. In general we designate
one individual as a leader. This individual may be chosen from within or
appointed from outside. Thus, one member may provide leadership with
respect to achieving the goal while a different individual may be providing
leadership in maintaining the group as a group. These roles can switch
and change.
B. DEVELOPMENT OF GROUPS
The developmental process of small groups can be viewed in several
ways. Firstly, it is useful to know the persons who compose a particular
small group.
• People bring their past experiences
• People come with their personalities (their perceptions, attitudes and
values)
• People also come with a particular set of expectations
The priorities and expectations of persons comprising a group can
influence the manner in which the group develops over a period of time
Stages
Viewing the group as a whole we observe definite patterns of behaviour
occurring within a group. These can be grouped into stages.
FIRST STAGE
The initial stage in the life of a group is concerned with forming a group.
This stage is characterized by members seeking safety and protection,
tentativeness of response, seeking superficial contact with others,
demonstrating dependency on existing authority figures. Members at this
stage either engage in busy type of activity or show apathy.
SECOND STAGE
The second stage in this group is marked by the formation of dyads and
triads. Members seek out familiar or similar individuals and begin a
deeper sharing of self. Continued attention to the subgroup creates a
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4. 4
differentiation in the group and tensions across the dyads /triads may
appear. Pairing is a common phenomenon.
THIRD STAGE
The third developmental stage is marked by a more serious concern
about task performance. The dyads/triads begin to open up and seek out
other members in the group. Efforts are made to establish various norms
for task performance. Members begin to take greater responsibility for
their own group and relationship while the authority figure becomes
relaxed.
FOURTH STAGE
This is a stage of a fully functional group where members see themselves
as a group and get involved in the task. Each person makes a
contribution and the authority figure is also seen as a part of the group.
Group norms are followed and collective pressure is exerted to ensure
the effectiveness of the group. The group redefines its goals in the light of
information from the outside environment and shows an autonomous
will to pursue those goals. The long-term viability of the group is
established and nurtured.
C. FACILITATING A GROUP
A group cannot automatically function effectively, it needs to be
facilitated. Facilitation can be described as a conscious process of
assisting a group to successfully achieve its task while functioning as a
group. Facilitation can be performed by members themselves, or with the
help of an outsider.
To facilitate effectively the facilitator needs to
• Understand what is happening within the group
• Be aware of his/her own personality
• And know how to facilitate
GROUP DIAGNOSIS
The process of finding out what is going on in a group may be called
diagnosing. It is an essential skill of a facilitator. Diagnosis involves
understanding the causes after looking for clues within the group and
outside the group. Some examples follow to illustrate the point.
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Problem Not everyone participates or shows interest and a few
remain silent
Possible causes Perhaps the goal or task is not relevant to some of the
participants. Some of the members may feel insecure
or dominant on the basis of caste, class, education or
gender.
Problem Some members ignore or disregard contributions from
other members
Possible causes Members of the group may be nervous and unaware of
others’ needs.
Problem The group is not able to come to consensus or are
unable to devise a plan to implement the decision.
Possible causes Perhaps the group lacks adequate information or skills
to solve the problem. Perhaps the decision is
threatening to some of the group members. Perhaps
the group fears failure.
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